Wash Cluster Meeting Minutes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Wash Cluster Meeting Minutes WASH CLUSTER MEETING MINUTES Meeting WASH Cluster Meeting Date 06-01-2020 Time 9;00am Venue CARE Bosaso Office Participants S/N Name Agency Email Telephone 1 Dauud Said Ahmed AADSOM [email protected] 907738443 2 Mohamed Bardacad SCI [email protected] 907772900 3 Naimo Ali Nur MOH [email protected] 907744895 4 Abdirashid Abdullahi Osman PWDA [email protected] 907735581 5 Abshir Bashir Isse DRC [email protected] 907780907 6 Said Arshe Ahmed CARE [email protected] 907799710 7 Ahmed said Salaad NRC [email protected] 907795829 8 Said Mohamed Warsame SEDO [email protected] 907798446 9 Mohamed Abdiqadir Jama CARE [email protected] 906798053 10 Mohamed Ali Harbi SHILCON [email protected] 907638045 Agenda Items 1. Introduction and Open remarks among the members. 2. Review of the last meeting action points 3. PWDA updates for the floods affected water sources in Bari and Sanaag 4. Updates of the ongoing Wash interventions as well the projects in the pipeline in Bari and Sanaag. 5. Setting the yearly Wash cluster meeting schedule (Wash Meeting Calendar) 6. Sharing the hygiene and sanitation plans to Bosaso Local Authority 7. AOB Introduction and Opening remarks The WASH cluster chair opened and welcomed the participants to the WASH Cluster meeting in CARE Bosasso office and then an introduction between the participants was flowed and then the meeting agenda was outlined. Review of the last meeting action points The action points from the last meeting was reviewed. 1. PWDA will share the updates and Data of list of water sources in Bari and sanaag Regions to the Cluster. This action was done and PWDA was shared the assessment report. 2. CARE will share the 4W matrix to the cluster members and Cluster member will fill and send back to CARE. Cluster members discussed and agreed the 4W matrix to complete and send back on time to the Wash Cluster lead. PWDA updates for the floods affected water sources in Bari and Sanaag Puntland water development Agency (PWDA) has conducted assessment to the cyclones/floods affected locations of Puntland. Assessment report was projected and participants have discussed. The report was detailed, and the needs of each water source was reflected. After a view minutes of discussion, it was agreed to share the assessment report and humanitarian agencies will respond based on the resources available. Partner’s updates Organisation Updates Save the children Completed Activities: • SHF- rehabilitation of two water barkets in Yadanyoobil under Isksushuban district and Libaxar under Gardo district of Bari region • OFDA- hygiene promotion campaigns through IEC materials in Qalwo, Qormo villages under Gardo district of Bari region • IKEA- Hygiene kits distributions in Adisoone and Yaka villages of Gardo district of Bari region, 100 households received jarrycans and soaps. • SHF- Constructions of 110 shared latrines in Bosaso IDPs • SHF- Construction of 40 shared latrines in Gardo IDPs Ongoing Activities: • SHF- Drilling one strategic borehole in Gardo IDPs Planned activities: • OFDA- hygiene promotion campaign through IEC materials in Iskushuban Gardo and Bandarbaila districts of Bari region. • OFDA-Construction of 20 communal shared latrines in Gardo district. • SHF- drilling of one new strategic borehole in Camaan village of Iskushuban district. • SHF- rehabilitation of one barket in Kalabayr village. • OFDA- drilling of one new strategic borehole in Dawacaley village of Iskushuban district. CARE Ongoing Activities: • Rehabilitation of 7 Boreholes and 3 Shallow-wells (Ceelaayo, Damalaxagare Carta, Juurile, Dharjaale, Dhuumoodle, Shaxda in Baran, Bosaso iskushuban and Qardho Districts of Sanaag and Bari Regions rehabilitations of these boreholes were ongoing. • Shallow-wells of Laag, Yalho and Bixin in Bosaso and Bayla Districts of Bari region Also rehabilitations were ongoing. • CARE conducted community hygiene promotions in 24 settlements in Bari and Sanaag regions namely (Ajuuran A, Bule-ley, Newbiyokulule, Mingis B, Raf iyo Raaxo, Laag, Yalho, and Juurile in Bosaso District. Dharjaale, Gargoore, Xiriiro Iskushuban District. Qoton, Xumbays, Meygaag and Bixin in Banderbayla District. New camp IDP, Hormuud IDP and Shaxda in Qardho District. Xingalool, Ceelbuh, Mindhicir, Jiircanyo, Dhanaha and Midigale in Baran District. Donor OFDA. Planned Activities: • Rehabilitations of Meygaag borehole and Gargoore, Qoton Shallow-wells were planned to rehabilitate. DRC Ongoing Activities: • Rehabilitation of 1 borehole through solar system installation Qardho district • Borehole rehabilitation through provision of spare parts Carmo borehole under Qardho district. • Water Management Committee Training 25 Persons Qardho for two boreholes committees, • Water quality testing and monitoring,2 Target boreholes under Qardho district • Construction of 15 latrines and Desludging 15 latrines in Qardho IDPs • Procurement of 15 Sanitation kits in Qardho IDPs • Procurement of 1000 Hygiene kits in Qardho IDPs • Distribution of Hygiene & Sanitation kits 1000 hygiene kits and 15 Sanitation kits in Qardho IDPs NRC Ongoing Activities: • Extension of pipelines from GUMCO borehole to the local integration/durable solution sit (3.6KM) is completed successfully. • Construction elevated water tank (50M Cubic) in local integration/durable solution site at Girible Village in Bosaso is ongoing. • Construction of 5 roomed water kiosks is ongoing at different places in Girible village. These are water kiosks intended to be constructed at different areas in the site so as to improve access to safe drinking water for local integration beneficiaries in Girible village east of Bosaso. • 4. Construction of 200 family latrines have been completed 100%. Each household assisted with two room’s shelter also provided 1 latrine. AOB The WASH calendar meeting was discussed and agreed to next WASH cluster to 6th Feb 2020 and Wash cluster lead will send the invitation and Agenda 3 days before due to update and add on any altered info of WASH need to discuss in the cluster meeting, Action Points Responsible Deadline CARE will share the 4W matrix to the CARE/Cluster members Jan 2020 cluster members and Cluster member will fill and send back to CARE All cluster members will prepare and CARE /Cluster members 3th Feb 2020 share all info of WASH projects to Cluster focal point due to coordination, alertness and avoiding overlaps before the next Wash cluster meeting February. CARE will share the assessment report CARE Jan 2020 conducted by PWDA to the Wash Cluster members. will share the assessment report conducted by PWDA to the Wash Cluster members. .
Recommended publications
  • Grouped by Cluster
    Humanitarian Response Plan(s): Somalia 2015 Table E: List of appeal projects (grouped by Cluster), with funding status of each Report as of 28-Sep-2021 http://fts.unocha.org (Table ref: R##) Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and recipient organizations. Project Code Title Organization Original Revised Funding % Unmet Outstanding requirements requirements USD Covered requirements pledges USD USD USD USD CLUSTER NOT YET SPECIFIED SOM-15/SNYS/78452/ to be allocated to specific projects WFP 0 0 15,200,048 0% -15,200,048 0 561 SOM-15/SNYS/78471/ to be allocated to specific projects UNHCR 0 0 22,776,204 0% -22,776,204 0 120 SOM-15/SNYS/78658/R/ to be allocated to specific projects UNICEF 0 0 13,712,399 0% -13,712,399 0 124 Sub total for CLUSTER NOT YET SPECIFIED 0 0 51,688,651 0% -51,688,651 0 COMMON HUMANITARIAN FUND (CHF) SOM-15/SNYS/77965/ Common Humanitarian Fund CHF 0 0 9,595,257 0% -9,595,257 0 7622 Sub total for COMMON HUMANITARIAN FUND (CHF) 0 0 9,595,257 0% -9,595,257 0 EDUCATION SOM-15/E/71574/8380 Increasing Access & Quality of Basic JCC 201,150 201,150 0 0% 201,150 0 Literacy for Children and Adults from Vulnerable, Poor, Women Headed and IDP / Returness Households in Bu'ale and Salagle (Middle Jubba region) and Celbarde-Ato (Bakool region) SOM-15/E/71608/14579 Improved Protective Learning Spaces and FENPS 451,400 451,400 289,999 64% 161,401 0 Access to Quality Education for School Age Children in Humanitarian Emergencies and Conflict Areas in Somalia SOM-15/E/71628/5660 Emergency education for crises-affected
    [Show full text]
  • Reserve 2016 Direct Beneficiaries : Men Women Boys Girls Total 0 500 1
    Requesting Organization : CARE Somalia Allocation Type : Reserve 2016 Primary Cluster Sub Cluster Percentage Nutrition 100.00 100 Project Title : Emergency Nutritional support for the Acutely malnourished drought affected population in Qardho and Bosaso Allocation Type Category : OPS Details Project Code : Fund Project Code : SOM-16/2470/R/Nut/INGO/2487 Cluster : Project Budget in US$ : 215,894.76 Planned project duration : 8 months Priority: Planned Start Date : 01/05/2016 Planned End Date : 31/12/2016 Actual Start Date: 01/05/2016 Actual End Date: 31/12/2016 Project Summary : This Project is designed to provide emergency nutrition assistance that matches immediate needs of drought affected women and children (boys and girls) < the age of 5 years in Bari region (Qardho and Bosaso) that are currently experiencing severe drought conditions. The project will prioritize the management of severe acute malnutrition and Infant and Young child Feeding (IYCF) and seeks to provide emergency nutrition assistance to 2500 boys and girls < the age of 5 years and 500 pregnant and lactating women in the drought affected communities in Bosaso and Qardho. Direct beneficiaries : Men Women Boys Girls Total 0 500 1,250 1,250 3,000 Other Beneficiaries : Beneficiary name Men Women Boys Girls Total Children under 5 0 0 1,250 1,250 2,500 Pregnant and Lactating Women 0 500 0 0 500 Indirect Beneficiaries : Catchment Population: 189,000 Link with allocation strategy : The project is designed to provide emergency nutrition support to women and children that are currently affected by the severe drought conditions. The proposed nutrition interventions will benefit a total of 2500 children < the age of 5 years and 500 Pregnant and lactating women who are acutely malnourished.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment Report 2011
    ASSESSMENT REPORT 2011 PHASE 1 - PEACE AND RECONCILIATION JOIN- TOGETHER ACTION For Galmudug, Himan and Heb, Galgaduud and Hiiraan Regions, Somalia Yme/NorSom/GSA By OMAR SALAD BSc (HONS.) DIPSOCPOL, DIPGOV&POL Consultant, in collaboration with HØLJE HAUGSJÅ (program Manager Yme) and MOHAMED ELMI SABRIE JAMALLE (Director NorSom). 1 Table of Contents Pages Summary of Findings, Analysis and Assessment 5-11 1. Introduction 5 2. Common Geography and History Background of the Central Regions 5 3. Political, Administrative Governing Structures and Roles of Central Regions 6 4. Urban Society and Clan Dynamics 6 5. Impact of Piracy on the Economic, Social and Security Issues 6 6. Identification of Possibility of Peace Seeking Stakeholders in Central Regions 7 7. Identification of Stakeholders and Best Practices of Peace-building 9 8. How Conflicts resolved and peace Built between People Living Together According 9 to Stakeholders 9. What Causes Conflicts Both locally and regional/Central? 9 10. Best Practices of Ensuring Women participation in the process 9 11. Best Practices of organising a Peace Conference 10 12. Relations Between Central Regions and Between them TFG 10 13. Table 1: Organisation, Ownership and Legal Structure of the 10 14. Peace Conference 10 15. Conclusion 11 16. Recap 11 16.1 Main Background Points 16.2 Recommendations 16.3 Expected Outcomes of a Peace Conference Main and Detailed Report Page 1. Common geography and History Background of Central Regions 13 1.1 Overview geographical and Environmental Situation 13 1.2 Common History and interdependence 14 1.3 Chronic Neglect of Central Regions 15 1.4 Correlation Between neglect and conflict 15 2.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment
    COVID-19 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment PUNTLAND The information contained in this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission but with acknowledgement of this publication as a source. Suggested citation: Puntland Statistics Department, Puntland State of Somalia. COVID-19 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment.. Additional information about the survey can be obtained from: Puntland Statistics Department, Ministry of Planning, Economic Development and International Cooperation, Puntland State of Somalia. Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.mopicplgov.net https://www.moh.pl.so http://www.pl.statistics.so Telephone no.: +252 906796747 or 00-252-5-843114 Social media: https://www.facebook.com/mopicpl https://www.facebook.com/ministryOfHealthPuntlamd/ https://twitter.com/PSD_MoPIC This report was produced by the Puntland State of Somalia, with support from the United Nations Population Fund, Somalia and key donors. COVID-19 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment PUNTLAND With technical support from: With financial contribution from: Puntland COVID-19 Report Foreword Today, Somalia and the world at large face severe Covid-19 pandemic crisis, coronavirus has no boundaries. It has severely affected the lives of people from different backgrounds. Across Somalia, disruptions of supply chains and closure of businesses has left workers without income, many of whom are vulnerable members in the society. The COVID-19 pandemic characterized by airports and border closures as well as lockdowns, is an economic and labour market shock, impacting not only supply but also demand. In Puntland, the implementation of lockdown measures has placed a major distress on the food value-chains, in particularly the international trade remittances from abroad and Small and Micro Enterprise Sector (SMEs) which are considered to be the main source of livelihoods for a greater part of the Somali population.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Tsunami Inter Agency Assessment Mission, Hafun to Gara
    TSUNAMI INTER AGENCY ASSESSMENT MISSION Hafun to Gara’ad Northeast Somali Coastline th th Mission: 28 January to 8 February 2005 2 Table of Content Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 5 2. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Description of the Tsunami.............................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Description of the Northeast coastline............................................................................................. 13 2.3 Seasonal calendar........................................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Governance structures .................................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Market prices ................................................................................................................................... 16 2.6 UN Agencies and NGOs (local and international) on ground.......................................................... 16 3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 17 4. Food, Livelihood & Nutrition Security Sector.........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UNHCR Somalia
    SOMALIA | FLOOD RESPONSE IN COVID-19 CONTEXT SOMALIA As at 7 May 2020 90,000 400,000 40,000 persons displaced by persons at risk of being beneficiaries targeted in flash floods and riverine displaced by floods initial distribution of NFI kits flooding Flooded neighbourhood in Gaalkacyo. OPERATIONAL CONTEXT The onset of the Gu seasonal rains in late April has caused riverine and flash flooding in many areas of Somalia and affected more than 200,000 persons including damage or loss of homes, schools, small businesses, boreholes and livestock. It is expected that the Gu season (April-June) will impact Somalia at similar levels to the Deyr rains of 2019 when more than 400,000 persons were displaced. With 2.6 million internally displaced persons Somalia has the fourth largest IDP population in the world and second largest in Africa. NEEDS AND GAPS Decongestion: Flooding increases congestion especially for those who are displaced. High density sites and communities and lack of household items are key factors for transmission of COVID 19. Decongestion through expansion of sites, rearranging shelters, provision of emergency shelter and household items can help reduce the risk of transmission and will certainly improve the living conditions. Shelter and NFI: Assuming that half of the projected 400,000 individuals (80 per cent of affected) will need both NFI kits (consisting of emergency items such as blankets, jerry cans, plastic sheets and more) and emergency shelter, and the remaining half will need either shelter or NFI kits, a total of 50,000 NFI kits and 50,000 shelter kits will be required.
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia Humanitarian
    Somalia Humanitarian Situation Report No. 9 @UNICEF@SOYDA/WARDI Reporting Period: 1 to 30 September 2020 Highlights Situation in Numbers • Despite the recent, prolonged flooding, there was a 22 per cent decrease 3,200,000 in reported diarrhoea cases. Meanwhile, first curative out-patient clinic children in need of (OPD) consultations increased by 9 per cent in comparison to August. This humanitarian assistance data is a good sign that utilization and therefore, trust is increasing (Humanitarian Needs Overview throughout the COVID-19 pandemic via infection prevention control (IPC) December 2019) measures. • Hygiene interventions reached 137,000 people through hygiene promotion messaging, construction of handwashing facilities in schools and 5,200,000 distribution of WASH supplies including menstrual hygiene management people in need (MHM) kits to 5,000 adolescent girls in 18 schools in Bay and Gedo regions. (Humanitarian Needs Overview • Community education centres (CECs) and teachers were trained on December 2019) COVID-19 preventive measures and have been critical in supporting the re-opening of schools by ensuring preventive measures are in place. 2,600,000 • Unaccompanied and separated children received family tracing and reunification services including alternative care support with 367 children Internally displaced people realizing their fundamental right to a family in September. (IDPs) or refugees • In September, 15,755 children were treated with severe acute malnutrition (Humanitarian Needs Overview (SAM) in UNICEF supported programmes. December 2019) UNICEF’s Response and Funding Status UNICEF Appeal 2020 US$ 129 million 1 Funding Overview and Partnerships In 2020, UNICEF is appealing for US$ 129.1 million to sustain provision of life-saving services including critical nutrition, health, WASH, child protection and education in emergency interventions, as well as cash-based assistance for women and children in Somalia.
    [Show full text]
  • Afmadow District Detailed Site Assessment Lower Juba Region, Somalia
    Afmadow district Detailed Site Assessment Lower Juba Region, Somalia Introduction Location map The Detailed Site Assessment (DSA) was triggered in the perspectives of different groups were captured2. KI coordination with the Camp Coordination and Camp responses were aggregated for each site. These were then Management (CCCM) Cluster in order to provide the aggregated further to the district level, with each site having humanitarian community with up-to-date information on an equal weight. Data analysis was done by thematic location of internally displaced person (IDP) sites, the sectors, that is, protection, water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and capacity of the sites and the humanitarian (WASH), shelter, displacement, food security, health and needs of the residents. The first round of the DSA took nutrition, education and communication. place from October 2017 to March 2018 assessing a total of 1,843 sites in 48 districts. The second round of the DSA This factsheet presents a summary of profiles of assessed sites3 in Afmadow District along with needs and priorities of took place from 1 September 2018 to 31 January 2019 IDPs residing in these sites. As the data is captured through assessing a total of 1778 sites in 57 districts. KIs, findings should be considered indicative rather than A grid pattern approach1 was used to identify all IDP generalisable. sites in a specific area. In each identified site, two key Number of assessed sites: 14 informants (KIs) were interviewed: the site manager or community leader and a women’s representative, to ensure Assessed IDP sites in Afmadow4 Coordinates: Lat. 0.6, Long.
    [Show full text]
  • SOMALIA Food Security Outlook October 2018 to May 2019
    SOMALIA Food Security Outlook October 2018 to May 2019 Deyr rainfall expected to sustain current outcomes, except in some pastoral areas KEY MESSAGES Current food security outcomes, October 2018 • Food security has continued to improve throughout Somalia since the 2018 Gu. Most northern and central livelihood zones are Stressed (IPC Phase 2), while southern livelihood zones are Minimal (IPC Phase 1) or Stressed (IPC Phase 2). In October, humanitarian assistance continued to prevent worse outcomes in Guban Pastoral and northwestern Northern Inland Pastoral (NIP) livelihood zones, where Crisis! (IPC Phase 3!) and Stressed! (IPC Phase 2!) outcomes persist, respectively. Northwest Agropastoral and most IDP settlements are also in Crisis (IPC Phase 3). • Contrary to earlier forecasts, Deyr seasonal rainfall is now expected to be below-average despite the development of a weak El Niño. Overall, favorable soil moisture is anticipated to prevent large declines in Deyr crop production and rangeland resources, and current outcomes are likely to be sustained in most livelihood zones through May 2019. In Addun Pastoral, Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing, and northeastern NIP livelihood zones, however, deterioration in pasture and water resources is likely to lead to Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes during Source: FEWS NET and FSNAU FEWS NET and FSNAU classification is IPC-compatible. IPC- the 2019 pastoral lean season. compatible analysis follows key IPC protocols but does not necessarily reflect a consensus of national food security partners. • In the absence of food assistance, deterioration to Emergency (IPC Phase 4) in Guban Pastoral livelihood zone and to Crisis (IPC Phase 3) in northwestern NIP livelihood zone is likely.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhanced Enrolment of Pastoralists in the Implementation and Evaluation of the UNICEF-FAO-WFP Resilience Strategy in Somalia
    Enhanced enrolment of pastoralists in the implementation and evaluation of the UNICEF-FAO-WFP Resilience Strategy in Somalia Prepared for UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO) by Esther Schelling, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute UNICEF ESARO JUNE 2013 Enhanced enrolment of pastoralists in the implementation and evaluation of UNICEF-FAO-WFP Resilience Strategy in Somalia © United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Nairobi, 2013 UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO) PO Box 44145-00100 GPO Nairobi June 2013 The report was prepared for UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO) by Esther Schelling, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the policies or the views of UNICEF. The text has not been edited to official publication standards and UNICEF accepts no responsibility for errors. The designations in this publication do not imply an opinion on legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. For further information, please contact: Esther Schelling, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel: [email protected] Eugenie Reidy, UNICEF ESARO: [email protected] Dorothee Klaus, UNICEF ESARO: [email protected] Cover photograph © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-2301/Kate Holt 2 Table of Contents Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia (Puntland & Somaliland)
    United Nations Development Programme GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SOMALIA (PUNTLAND & SOMALILAND) CASE STUDY TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY FACTS .................................................................................................................................. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 6 CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................... 7 Socio-economic and political context .............................................................................................. 7 Gender equality context....................................................................................................................... 8 Public administration context .......................................................................................................... 12 WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION .................................................16 POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW ............................................................................18 Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development Programme ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Roots for Good Governance
    DIALOGUE FOR PEACE Somali Programme Roots for Good Governance Establishing the Legal Foundations for Local Government in Puntland Garowe, Puntland Phone: (+252 5) 84 4480 Thuraya: +88 216 4333 8170 Galkayo Phone: (+252 5) 85 4200 Thuraya: +88 216 43341184 [email protected] www.pdrc.somalia.org Acknowledgements Editor: Ralph Johnstone, The WordWorks Design and Layout: Cege Mwangi, Arcadia Associates Photographs: © Puntland Development Research Centre Front cover photo: Garowe district council members vote for their mayor in June 2005: the election was overseen by the Islan Issa and took place at the PDRC conference hall Back cover photo: Puntland President Adde Musa (second from left) and Vice President, Hassan Daahir (far left) enjoy a light moment with other senior dignitaries during the launch of the Puntland Reform programme in April 2006 at the PDRC conference hall in Garowe. In the background are PDRC research coordinator Ali Farah and Puntland journalists This report was produced by the Puntland Development Research Centre and Interpeace and represents exclusively their own views. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the contributing donors and should not be relied upon as a statement of the contributing donors or their services. The contributing donors do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor do they accept responsibility for any use made thereof. 2 Roots for Goods Governance Contents November 2006 Introduction to the Dialogue for Peace .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]