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Karyotypes in Eight Species of Sebastes from Japan

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Karyotypes in Eight Species of Sebastes from Japan Javanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚 類 学 雑 誌 29巻2号1982年 Vol.29,No.21982 Karyotypes in Eight Species of Sebastes from Japan Hitoshi Ida,Takayoshi Iwasawa and Masashi Kamitori (Received November 6,1980) Abstract Karyotypes of eight species of the genus Sebastes,family Scorpaenidae,from Japanese waters were analyzed in relation to morphology.Six of the eight species examined here are new to karyological study.The number of diploid chromosomes is 48 in all species excepting Sebastes hubbsi,which has 46 chromosomes.The karyotypes of the other seven species,viz.S.thompsoni,S. joyneri,S.schlegeli,S.oblongus,S.vulpes,S.pachycephalus nudus and S.trivittatus,consist of two meta- or submetacentric and 46 acrocentric chromosomes,while the karyotype of S.hubbsi con- sists of two large-sized and two medium-sized metacentric and 42 acrocentric chromosomes. Morphological differences between these two groups are not clear except for the difference found in the number of dorsal spines.The present results emphasize the stability of karyotypes among the fishes of the genus Sebastes,compared with rather various karyotypes found in other families of the order Scorpaeniformes. The fishes of the order Scorpaeniformes ex- solution.The suspension in the test tube was hibit a great morphological diversity and offer centrifuged for 5 minutes at 1000rpm,and cells interesting materials for comparative karyology were recovered from the upper layer of the in relation to morphological diversification. sediment.Chromosome spreading was achieved This study was attemped to examine relation- by the routine air-drying method.Giemsa solu ships between polarities in karyotypes and tion was employed for staining the preparations. morphological characters in the genus Sebastes Classification of chromosomes followed that of of the family Scorpaenidae.Some 25 Japanese Levan et al.(1964).Metacentrics and sub- scorpaeniform species have been studied kary- metacentrics were treated as two-arm chromo- ologically.As for chromosomes of Sebastes, somes,and acrocentrics as one-arm chromo five species have been studied.We observed somes.The new arm number(NAN) used here chromosomes of eight species of Sebastes,of is that of Arai and Nagaiwa(1976). which six species are new to karyological study. For morphological studies,counts for fin rays and vertebrae were made on radiographs. Materials and methods Caudal vertebrae were defined as vertebrae Fish specimens used for this study were col- having closed haemal spines.Identification of lected from waters around the Izu Peninsula at species followed Matsubara (1955). Futo,Shizuoka Prefecture,southern Pacific coast of the Tohoku district at Sanriku-cho,Iwate Results Prefecture,and Rishiri Island in the Sea of Karyology.Frequency distributions of chro Japan,northern Hokkaido.Material data are mosome counts obtained in the eight species shown in Table 1. are given in Table 2.From the modal numbers, For chromosomal studies,live specimens were the diploid chromosome number is determined injected with a solution of 0.3% colchicine at as 46 in Sebastes hubbsi and 48 in all of the 0.3•`0.06ml/100mm(standard length),and remaining seven species.The fundamental maintained in a 100-liter aquarium for about number(FN)and the new arm number(NAN) 12 hours.Gill tissues were then dissected from are 50 and 48,respectively.Mitotic metaphase the right side,soaked in a hypotonic solution of nuclear plates and karyograms of these species N/100KC1 for 30 45 minutes at room tem- are shown in Figs.1•`3.Details of the karyo- perature,and fixed in Carnoy's solution for at type of each species are described below. least 1 hour.The tissues were then squashed, Sebastes thompsoni(Jordan et Hubbs),Japa- using forceps,in a test tube containing Carnoy's nese name : usu-mebaru(Fig.1A):Karyotype ―162― Ida.Iwasawa and Kamilori:Schuster Chromosomes Fig.1.Photographs of mitotic metaphase chromosomes and karyotypes of Sebastes.A:Sebastes thanpsari,female.2n=48.B:Sebastes jovneri,sex not determined.2n=48.C:Sebum's schlegeli,male.2n=48.Each scale indicates 10ƒÊm. analysis was successful in only one female morphic.The acrocentrics show a gradation specimen.The karyotype consists of 2 sub in size;the length of the largest chromosome is metacentric and 46 acrocentric chromosomes. about three times of the smallest. The submetacentric pair is somewhat hetero Sebastes jopaeri Gtinther,Japanese name Table I.List of the materials. 163 魚類学雑誌 Japan.J.Ichthyol.29(2),1982 ―164― Ida,I wasawa and Kamitori:Sehasves Chromosomes Fig.2.Photographs of mitotic metaphase chromosomes and karyotypes of Sebastes.A:Sebastes oblongus,female.2n=48.B:Sebastes vulpes,sex not determined.2n=48.C:Sebastes iriviuruus, male.2n=48.Each scale indicates 10ƒÊm. togotto-mebaru(Fig.1B):Of several specimens takenoko-mebaru(Fig.2A):One male and one obtained only one specimen of unknown sex female specimen produced clear chromosome provided nuclear plates available for karyotype figures.The karyotype comprises 2 submeta- analysis with reliable results.The karyotype centric and 46 acrocentric chromosomes.The includes 2 metacentric and 46 acrocentric chro- submetacentric pair from the female specimen mosomes.The two metacentrics are equal in shows a slight difference in size. size.Other karyotypic features are similar to Sebastes vulpes Steindachner et Doderlein, those of S.thornpsoni. Japanese name:kitsune-mebaru(Fig.2B):The Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf,Japanese name: sex of the single specimen available for this kuro-mebaru(Fig.IC):Two male specimens study could not be determined.The karyotype were available for chromosomal observations. includes 2 metacentric and 46 acrocentric chro- The karyotype consists of 2 metacentric and 46 mosomes.The metacentrics are somewhat acrocentric chromosomes.The two metacen- heteromorphic.The size differences among the trics are medium in size and homomorphic. acrocentrics are gradual;the length of the The acrocentrics show a serial change in size, largest chromosomes is more than three times the largest being about twice as large as the that of the smallest. smallest. Sebastes trivittatus Hilgendorf,Japanese name: Sebastes oblongus Giinther,Japanese name: shima-soi(Fig.2C):Only one male specimen ―165― 魚類学雑誌 Japan.J.Ichthyol.29(2),1982 Fig.3.Photographs of mitotic metaphase chromosomes and karyotypes of Sebastes.A,B:Sebastes pachycephalus nudus,male and female.2n=48.Arrows indicate homomorphic chromosome pair of metacentric in male.C:Sebastes hubbsi,male.2n=46.Each scale indicates 10tim. was obtained.The karyotype is composed of large and the other 2 are medium-sized,and 42 2 metacentric and 46 acrocentric chromosomes. acrocentric chromosomes.The larger meta- The metacentrics are medium-sized and homo- centrics are twice as large as the medium-sized morphic.The acrocentrics decrease serially in metacentrics.The acrocentrics show a grada- size,the largest being a little more than twice tion in size;the largest pair is about twice as the smallest in length. large as the smallest pair. Sebastes pachycephalus nudu,s Matsubara, Morphology.The karyotype analyses de- Japanese name:ohgon-murasoi(Fig.3A,.B): scribed above show a clear gap between Sebastes One male and one female specimen were ex- hubbsi and the other seven species.However, amined.The karyotype consists of 2 meta meristic separation of S.hubbsi from the rest is centric and 46 acrocentric chromosomes.The not obvious;the only difference being found in metacentric chromosomes from the female are the dorsal spine count,which is 14 in S.hubbsi slightly heteromorphic,while those from the against 13 in all other species(Table 3).Further male are homomorphic.The acrocentrics show morphological differences are noted in the a gradual decrease in size;the length of the absence of the auxiliary scale in S.hubbsi and largest pair is more than twice that of the the position of the pterygiop.h.ore of the last smallest. dorsal spine which is situated immediately be- Sebastes hubbsi(Matsubara),Japanese name: fore the third caudal(=14th)vertebra in S. yoroi-mebaru(Fig.3C):Only one male speci hubbsi and before the neural spine of the second men was available.The karyotype consists of caudal(=13th.) vertebra in the other species. 4 metacentric chromosomes,of which 2 are The vertebral composition is invariably 11+ ―166― Ida,Iwasawa and Kamitori:Sebastes Chromosomes 15=26 in all species. bara(1955)placed the family Scorpaenidae as the most generalized group among the order. Discussion Scorpaeniformes.Arai and Fujiki(1978)briefly Five species of Sebastes from Japanese waters, reviewed the karyotypes of the fishes of the including S.hubbsi and four other species that order so far reported.From the table shown are not dealt with in this study,have been by them the karyotypes of the members of the analysed in their karyotypes(Nishikawa et al., subfamily Sebastinae have rather generalized 1977;Sasaki and Sakamoto,1977).Thus,the formulae,including only 2 or 4 metacentric present study adds six more species to the kary- chromosomes and more than 42 acrocentric ological knowledge of this genus.All of these chromosomes,which is the largest count for Sebastes species other than S.hubbsi show one-arm chromosomes.Members of the other closely similar karyotypes,consisting invariably families of the order have more than 4,usually of 2 medium-sized two-arm chromosomes and more than 6,metacentrics.Ida and Yunokawa 46 one-arm chromosomes.There are no pe (1980)described the karyotypes of the five culiar chromosomes among the acrocentrics, species of the family
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