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Pyrophytic Plants Vs. Fire Resistant Plants!

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Pyrophytic Plants Vs. Fire Resistant Plants! UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION run0rilfficv$,flmnastsT,{NT PIJTNI$ Ray Moritz, Fire Ecologistanil TcchnicalAdvisor to FireSafe Madn; and. Pavel Svihra, Horticulture Aduisor,Main and SonomaCounties "White house" and its garden (trace with a dashed line) is a spectacular demonstration of defensible space.Wildfire with cata- clysmic energy swiftly burned adjacent houses and vegetation, yet it died down after reaching the frontier of fire resistant garden. PYROPHYTES They may have loose or papery bark. Plantsthat ignite readily and burn intensely(pyro- . These plants flame (not smolder) when phates)typically sharecertain characteristics: preheated and ignited with a match. They are usually blade-leaf or needle-leaf evergreens. FLAMMABILITY & CONDITION o They have stiff, woody, small or finer lacey The condition of the plant is as importantas its spe- leav"es. cies.Even some"pyrophytic" speciescan be quite fire-resistantif properly maintained. Their leaves and wood usuallv contain volatile waxes, fats, terpenes or oils (drushed leaves have strong od6rs). Depending on its growth form and accessto water, the samespecies may be fire resistantin one envi- ronment and pyrophytic in another.Water-stressed o Their sap $ usually gummy' resinous and has a strong odor. plants that are in poor condition are more pyrophytic. They usually contain plentiful fine, twiggy, A pyrophytic speciesbecomes explosively flamma- drv or dead materials. ble when poorly maintained. South-facing slopes, windy areas,sites with poor soils and urban land- . They may have pubescent (hair covered) leaves. scapesare more stressfulfor plants. (cmcer-related), mce Po1icymayboaddressedtotheAfimativeAc!ionDirector,Unive.sityofcali1bmia,AgriculoreadNafralResources,llll Fire ResistantPlants PYROPTTYTICVBGETATION TYPES : Grasses: Any cured (dry) grass.Nonirrigated, bracken and sword ferns. annual grassesare typically more flammablethan perennialgrasses. Brush: Any brushwith excessivedeadwood. Any Irrigated grassesare fire resistant. over-mature,dying or deadbrush. Herbs: Any curedherb. Trees: Any forest, stand or urban forest that is Ferns: Any dry or cured fern, particularly cured over-dense.under stressor over mature. ,,PIT,9,,$|{ETICSPE$, $r,,Hi. ig[.,F'ire,,Ilgggfl ,Nativ.e,Shruhs,, Latin name CommonName Latin name CommonName Adeno stoma fasc ic ulat um Chamise.Greasewood Erigonumfasciculatum California Buckwheat Arctostaphylos spp. Manzanitas(some twiggy)b Pickeringia montena Chaparral Pea Artemisiacalifurnica Sagebrush(California) Quercusspp. ScrubOak (brushyoaks)b Baccharis spp. CovoteBrush"b Salvia mellifera BlackSage Castanopsis chrysophylla Chinquapin,Giant Vaccinium Huckleberryb Cupressussargentii SargentCypress Pinus radiata Monterey Pineb Lit ho carp us dens iflo ra Tan Oak. Tanbark Oak Pinus muricata Bishop Pineb Pinus coulteri Coulter Pine Pseudotsugamenziesii Douglas Firb Pinus attenuata KnobconePine Umb e llularia califu rni c a California Bayb ili$I'tre:H,'fln notupg$Eeologid,Wtii Acacia spp. Acacia speciesb Eucalyptusspp. Eucalyptusb b Cortaderia jubata JubataGrass Pennisetum FountainGrass C. Selloana PampasGrassb Spartium junceum SpanishBroom b Cytisusscoparius ScotchBroomb Ulex europea (]orse Cytis us monspes s ulanus FrenchBroomb Fir€ llazar,dousIntroduced:: :(ExotiC),,F!angr Abies spp. Firs Picea spp. Spruces b Bambusaspp. Bamboo Pinus spp. Pines Cedrus spp. Cedars RosmarinusfficinaLis Rosemary Chamaecyparis spp. FalseCypress Spartium junceum SpanishBroom Juniperus spp. Junipers Taxus spp. Yew l-arix spp. Larch Thuja spp. Arborvitae Lonicera japonica JapaneseHoneysuckle Tsu6aspp. Hemlock Palms Palm (if dry fronds) Ulex europea Gorse Pennisetumspp. FountainGrass b " Good for erosion control; InrrasirreSpecies Fire Resistant Plants FIRFSCAPE PLANT SELECTIONS Fire-resistant Plants (Theseplants also tend to have certain typical characteristics- much of the in- formation about fire resistantplants is anecdotaland has not been scientifically tested) r Most are broad-leafdeciduous (lose their o Shrubsare low-growing- (2') with minimal leaves)trees but somethick-leaf evergreens deadmaterial. are alsofire-resistant. r Leavestend to be supple,moist and easily o Tall shrubs are clean,not bushy. crushed. o Treestend to be clean,not bushy,and have . S.apis water-like and typically doesnot have a little deadwood. strongodor. DOMESTIC GARDEN ..:::::llll.......l.::lj::.'.:.....:..::...:::::l......l:::::::..l..:.::.l..:.:.:srrNents.(m*e...amohg.'the;m0,stfrG'r Latin name Common name Latin name Common name Aeonium spp. Aeonium D. pulverulenta Dudleya Agave spp. Agave lnmpranthus spp. Bush Ice Plant Aloe spp. Aloe Echeveria spp. Hen and Chicks b Carpobrotus spp. Ice Plantb Malephora crocea CroceumIce Plant b Cotyledon spp. Malephora luteola Yellow Trailing Ice Plant b Crassula spp. Crassula Po rtulacaria afra " Var iegata " Elephant'sFoot Delosperma "AIba" White Trailing Iceplant Sedumconfusum Stonecrop b D ros ant hemum flo ribunda RoseaIce Plant Sedumrubrotinctum Brown Bean (Pork and Beans) b D. hispidium RoseaIce Plant Senecioserpens Dudleyafarinosa Dudlevaor Cliff Lettuc-e Grsundcov.er*:, Achillea tomentosa Woolly Yarrow Liriope gigantect Giant Turf Lily Ajuga reptans CarpetBugle Myoporum parvifolium Myoporum Armeria maritima CommonThrift Os t eo sp e rmum frut ico s um Trailing African Daisy Arctotheca calendula Silver Spreader Pelargonium peltatum Ivy Geranium Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-Summer Phyla nodiJlora Lippia Repens Coprosma kirkii CreepingCoprosma Po te ntil la tab e rnae mo ntani i Spring Cinquefoil Duchesneaindica Mock Strawberry Pyracantha " Santa Cruz" Firethorn EounymusFortunei col- Winter Creeper Santo lina c hamaecypar n s us LavenderCotton oratus b Festuca rubra CreepingRed Fescue Santolina virens GreenLavender Cotton Fragaria califurnica Wood Strawberry Thymuspraecox arcticus Creeping Thyme Fragaria chiloensis Beach Strawberrv Trifuliumfragiferum O'Connor's Legume Gazania rigens leuco- Trailing Gazania Verbenaperuviana PerennialVerbena laena Iberis sempervirens EvergreenCandytuft Vinca spp. Periwinkle" b " Good for erosioncontrol; InvasiveSpecies Fire ResistantPlants DOMFSTIC GARDEN (Continued) P,e :, Latin name Common name Latin name Common name Achillea spp. Yarrow Iris spp. Iris Agapanthusspp, Lily-of-the-Nile Kniphofia uvaria Poker(rorch lf;$)H* Bergenia spp. Bergenia Lantana montevidensis Lantana Centaurea cineraria DustyMiller Invandula spp. Lavender Centranthusruber Red Valerian (Jupiter's Limoniumperzil SeaLavender Coreopsisspp Coreopsis Mimulus spp. Monkey Flower Dietesbicolor AfricanIris Oenothera berlandieri Mexican Evenins Primrose Dietes vegeta ForrnightLily Penstemonspp. BeardTongue Eri geron karv inskianus Fleabane(Mexican Daisy) Sisyrinchium spp. Blue-EyedGrasses" Erysimumlinifulium Wallflower Stachys byzantina Lamb's Ears Geranium spp. Geranium Strelitzia reginae Bird of Paradise Hemerocallis hybrids Daylily Tulbaghia violacea SocietvGarlic Hesperaloeparviflora Red Yucca Zant edesc hia aet hiopica Common Calla" Heuchera maxima IslandAlum Root Zaus c hne ria califo rnica California Fuchsia Vines: Rosa Banksiae Lady Banks' Rose Trachelospermum StarJasmine JASmtnotaes Solanum iasminoides PotatoVine Wisteria spp. Wisteria Tecomaria capensis CapeHoneysuckle Shrubs; Brugmansia spp. Angel'sTrumpet Mahonia repens CreepingMahonia Buddlein spp. Butterfly Bush Nerium oleander Oleander Carpe nte ria caliJbrnica BushAnemone Nolina spp. Nolina (relatedto Yucca) CoLeonemacaka Brushof Heaven Pittospoum crassifoLium Dwarf Karo " Diosma" Convolvuscneorum BushMorning Glory Pittosporum tobira Mock Orange cotoneaster congestus Likiano" Prunuslyonii Catalina Cherry Coto neas te r hor izontalis Rock Cotoneastero' Punica granatum Pomegranate Cotoneaster mic rophyllus RocksprayCotoneaster" Rhapiolepis spp. India Hawthorn Cotoneaster dammeri Bearberry Cotoneaster"" Rhamnus alaternus Italian Buckthorn Echium spp. Echium or Priderot Rhododendron(Azalea) Rhododendronsand spp. Azaleas Escallonia spp. Escallonia Rhus integrifolia LemonadeBerry Lav at era ass u r g ent ifl o ra Malva Rose(Tree Mallow) Simmondsia chinensis Jojoba Ligustrum japonicum Japanease Privet Trac helosltermum Star Jasmine JASmrnotaes Ligustrumlucidum Glossy Privet Yuccaspp. Yucca Ligustrum texanum TexasPrivet 'Good b for erosioncontrol: InvasiveSpecies Fire Resistant Plants DOMFSTIC GARDEN(Continued) Tleesl Latin name Common name Latin name Common name Acer spp. Maple Macadamia hybrids Macadamia Nut Arbutus unedo Strawberry Tree Metrosideros excelsus New Zealand Christmas Tree Ceratonia siliqua Carob Myoporum spp. Myporum Cercis occidentalis Western Redbud Pistacia chinensis ChinesePistache Cercocarpus betuloides Mountain Ironwood Pittosporum spp. Mock Orange Citrus spp. Citrus Quercusspp. Oak" Fagus spp. Beech Rhuslancea African Sumac Feijoa sellowiana PineappleGuava Robinia pseudoacacia Locust.Black Fraxinus spp. Ash SchinusmolLe California PepperTree" Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Sc hinus tere binthifolius Brazilian Pepper" Moderate,:Fire R,et4idl4g, P,lants: Ajuga crispa Giant Ajuga Hypericumcalycinum St. Johnswortb Aloe aristata Dwarf Aloe Phyla nodiflora Lippia Aloe breviolia ShortleafAloe Myoporum parvifolium Myoporum Atriplex semibaccata AustralianSaltbush Os t eos p ermum frut ico s um African Daisv Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-Summer Teucrium chamaedrys ProstrateGermander Coprosma kirkii CreepingCoprosma Tr ifo I ium fra p iferu m var (Strawberry O'Connoi's " " L;SIS; Gazania rigens leucolaena Trailins Gazania Low,FUelVolume Native,Plants: Arcto
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