DOCSLIB.ORG

CHAPTER II SITUATION of FREEDOM of EXPRESSION in the REGION A. Introduction and Methodology 87. This Chapter Describes Specific

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CHAPTER II SITUATION of FREEDOM of EXPRESSION in the REGION A. Introduction and Methodology 87. This Chapter Describes Specific CHAPTER II SITUATION OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN THE REGION A. Introduction and Methodology 87. This chapter describes specific aspects related to the situation of freedom of expression in the countries of the region in 2007. 88. The chapter is divided into four sections: Section A consists of the introduction and an explanation of the methodology used; Section B has to do with the evaluation of the situation of freedom of expression in the region in 2007; Section C details the most important developments related to the exercise of freedom of expression in the Member States during the year; and Section D contains tables with the information received in 2007 by the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression, broken down by country. These tables are included in the 2007 quarterly reports, in which the Office of the Special Rapporteur evaluates the situation of freedom of expression in the region, a practice it began in 2006. 89. The States Parties to the American Convention have the obligation not only to respect the human rights enshrined in this instrument but also to guarantee that they are exercised. This implies that the States are obligated to investigate and punish those responsible for all acts of violence, including those committed by persons who are not agents of the State. Consequently, this report includes not only the murders, threats and aggressions allegedly committed by State agents, but also those in which the alleged perpetrators are private individuals. 90. The evaluation of the state of freedom of expression in the region presented in Section B and the evaluation by country in Section C were based on information received by the Office of the Special Rapporteur, which is detailed in the tables in Section D. Information gathered during working visits and seminars was also taken into account. In addition to a summary of information received by the Office of the Special Rapporteur, Section D includes sources for the information and Internet links, when these are available. 91. In the last three annual reports, Section C categorized each year’s most significant developments in accordance with the approved Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression. For this new annual report, the Office of the Special Rapporteur concentrated its efforts on evaluating in general terms the key issues that have emerged in the area of freedom of expression during the year in the region as a whole, then did a detailed, country-by-country analysis. Both evaluations took into account the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression, although for this report the analysis and developments were not organized according to each principle. 92. The Office of the Special Rapporteur receives information about freedom of expression from different sources, analyzes it on a daily basis and takes whatever action it deems appropriate, such as issuing press releases and sending requests for information to the States. 93. In doing the evaluation for this annual report, the Office of the Special Rapporteur took into account all the allegations and information regarding the state of freedom of expression that it received during 2007. In previous reports, events that were representative of the situation in each country had been listed and then grouped according to the principles that were being violated. For the 2007 annual report, the idea was to take all the information received and use it as the basis on which to make a specific evaluation of the situation in each Member State. 94. Another aim of the new report was to provide a space for registering all the information and allegations received during 2007. That is the purpose of Section D and its tables. 20 95. As in previous annual reports, both in the Section B evaluation of the state of freedom of expression in the region and in the Section C country-by-country analysis, there is a marked predominance of developments in the field of journalism, which is a reflection of the information received. 96. However, in addition to the customary alerts, allegations and relevant information, in 2007 the Office of the Special Rapporteur received—in response to the questionnaire (annexed to this report) sent out as part of the groundwork for the Special Study on the Situation of Freedom of Expression in the Americas— written replies from States, civil society organizations from different countries, academic sectors and individuals. B. Evaluation of the Situation of Freedom of Expression in the Region 97. As in previous years, the Office of the Rapporteur has evaluated the situation of the right to freedom of expression in the Americas. In 2007, this evaluation is based primarily on the study of the following aspects: 1. violence against the communications media: murders and aggressions; 2. censorship; 3. criminal prosecutions; 4. abusive use of official authority; 5. pluralism and diversity in radio broadcasting; 6. access to information; and 7. confidentiality of sources. 1. Violence against the media: murders, threats and aggressions • Murders 98. In 2007, violence once again became a particularly urgent issue for journalism in the region, mainly because of two clearly identified problems: murders, as well as aggressions and threats directed at the media as the result of their exercising the right to freedom of thought and expression. It is important to note that both of these problems share the characteristic of not being limited to acts of aggression carried out by agents of the State; alerts were also registered in which the acts of aggression were linked to private individuals in view of the lack of prevention and guarantees by the State. 99. In that regard, Principle 9 of the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression establishes that: “The murder, kidnapping, intimidation of and/or threats to social communicators, as well as the material destruction of communications media violate the fundamental rights of individuals and strongly restrict freedom of expression. It is the duty of the state to prevent and investigate such occurrences, to punish their perpetrators and to ensure that victims receive due compensation.” 100. According to the information received by the Office of the Special Rapporteur, at least sixteen murders and three disappearances apparently related to the work of journalism were recorded this year. In those twelve months, such murders of members of the media were registered in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and the United States. 101. For the second year in a row, Mexico was the country that saw the highest concentration of murders during the 12-month period, registering a total of six murders and three disappearances. Two reporters, a spokesman on security issues for the government of Sinaloa and three newspaper deliverymen were murdered for reasons apparently related to their work in journalism, and another three journalists disappeared. The majority of these reported cases could be related to organized crime operations, which underscores the vulnerability of the media in this situation. 21 102. The Office of the Special Rapporteur has reacted forcefully, condemning such acts as those just mentioned. It issued press releases in cases in which journalists were murdered, urging the States to duly investigate to determine the causes of the crimes, punish the perpetrators and intellectual authors, and make reparations to the victims’ family members when appropriate.26 103. In this regard, the Office of the Special Rapporteur emphasizes that murder is the most brutal and violent way to violate the right to freedom of thought and expression and to stop the free flow of information and ideas, becoming in effect the worst act of censorship. The persecution and murder of individuals for exercising the right to freedom of thought and expression are characteristics common to dictatorships; when seen in democratic systems, they weaken democracy. 104. Thus, the Office of the Rapporteur underscores the importance—for the protection of freedom of expression—of overcoming impunity by determining those responsible for the murders. In that regard, in 2007 some progress was made in several investigations into murders of members of the media that took place during the year or in the past. As an example, in Brazil, the person behind the assassination of the Paraguayan journalist Samuel Román, who died in 2004, was convicted of the crime. In Haiti, two of those responsible for the murder of Jacques Roche were sentenced to life in prison; meanwhile, a commission that includes journalists is helping to facilitate the investigations into the murders of other journalists. In the Dominican Republic, journalist Facundo Lavatta’s killer was sentenced to 30 years in prison, as was the murderer of Juan Andújar. In the United States, Chauncey Bailey’s murderer was caught a few days after the reporter’s death and confessed that he had killed him because of articles he had published. In Colombia, demobilized paramilitary members confessed their responsibility in the murders of journalists Martín Larrota Duarte and José Emeterio Rivas Rivas. 105. Nevertheless, the lack of due investigation into certain murders of journalists in 2007 and in previous years has been a cause of permanent concern for the Office of the Special Rapporteur. These crimes frequently remain unpunished, giving rise to new murders and an increase in self-censorship. 106. The Office of the Special Rapporteur again urges the States to promptly investigate these cases and to apply the greatest possible effort to ensure that these crimes do not remain unpunished. Especially in the case of Mexico, it reminds the State that it should not only investigate and penalize, but also adopt all necessary measures to prevent such acts as those registered in 2007 from being repeated, taking actions to address the problem of violence against the media. In addition, the Office of the Special Rapporteur reminds States that they can also be held responsible internationally for the lack of an effective investigation of crimes perpetrated by organized crime.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Canada's G8 Plans
    Plans for the 2010 G8 Muskoka Summit: June 25-26, 2010 Jenilee Guebert Director of Research, G8 Research Group, with Robin Lennox and other members of the G8 Research Group June 7, 2010 Plans for the 2010 G8 Muskoka Summit: June 25-26, Ministerial Meetings 31 2010 1 G7 Finance Ministers 31 Abbreviations and Acronyms 2 G20 Finance Ministers 37 Preface 2 G8 Foreign Ministers 37 Introduction: Canada’s 2010 G8 2 G8 Development Ministers 41 Agenda: The Policy Summit 3 Civil Society 43 Priority Themes 3 Celebrity Diplomacy 43 World Economy 5 Activities 44 Climate Change 6 Nongovernmental Organizations 46 Biodiversity 6 Canada’s G8 Team 48 Energy 7 Participating Leaders 48 Iran 8 G8 Leaders 48 North Korea 9 Canada 48 Nonproliferation 10 France 48 Fragile and Vulnerable States 11 United States 49 Africa 12 United Kingdom 49 Economy 13 Russia 49 Development 13 Germany 49 Peace Support 14 Japan 50 Health 15 Italy 50 Crime 20 Appendices 50 Terrorism 20 Appendix A: Commitments Due in 2010 50 Outreach and Expansion 21 Appendix B: Facts About Deerhurst 56 Accountability Mechanism 22 Preparations 22 Process: The Physical Summit 23 Site: Location Reaction 26 Security 28 Economic Benefits and Costs 29 Benefits 29 Costs 31 Abbreviations and Acronyms AU African Union CCS carbon capture and storage CEIF Clean Energy Investment Framework CSLF Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum DAC Development Assistance Committee (of the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development) FATF Financial Action Task Force HAP Heiligendamm L’Aquila Process HIPC heavily
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Executive Summary
    FIU SJMC Undergraduate Self-Study Report for Accreditation Visits in 2014 - 2015 1 Part II, Standard 8. Professional and Public Service Contents Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 1. Summarize the professional and public service activities undertaken by the unit ...................... 3 2. Provide brochures and other publications that describe the unit’s professional and public service activities............................................................................................................................. 19 3. Describe the unit’s contact with alumni, professionals and professional organizations to keep curriculum and instruction .............................................................................................................. 20 4. List examples of professional and public service activities undertaken by members of the faculty in the past six years ........................................................................................................... 21 5. Describe the role of professional and public service in promotion and tenure decisions.......... 27 6. Describe the unit’s support of scholastic (high school) journalism, including workshops, visiting lectures, critiques of student work, etc .......................................................................................... 28 7. Describe the unit’s methods for communicating with alumni, such as newsletters or other publications ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hot Docs 2016 Accredited Media Applicant: Account Name Applicant: Last Name Applicant: First Name Community Opt-In 24 Images
    Hot Docs 2016 Accredited Media Applicant: Account Name Applicant: Last Name Applicant: First Name Community Opt-In 24 images Selb Charlotte NO Accessible Media Inc. MacDonald Kelly NO Accessible Media Inc. Evans Simon NO Accessible Media Inc. Dudas Michelle NO Afisharu.com Zaslavsky Nina YES Air Canada Rep González Leticia NO Alternavox Magazine Saavedra Mikhail YES Arirang Korea TV Kim Mingu YES ATK Magazine Zimmer Cindy YES Balita/Filipino Web Channel Marquez Romy NO BanTOR Radio Qorane Nuruddin YES BanTOR Radio Mazzuca Ola YES Braidio, CKDU 88.1fm Simmonds Veronica YES Broadcaster Magazine Shane Myles NO Broadcaster Magazine Hiltz Jonathan NO Broken Pencil Magazine Charkot Richelle YES Broken Pencil Magazine Charkot Richelle YES Buffalo News, Buffalo Rising, Albany Times Union Francis Penders Carl NO ByBlacks.com Franklin Nicole YES Canada Free Press Anklewicz Larry NO Canadian Press Friend David YES CBC Dekel Jonathan NO CBC Mattar Pacinthe NO CBC Mesley Wendy NO CBC Bambury Brent NO Hot Docs 2016 Accredited Media CBC Tremonti Anna Maria NO CBC Galloway Matt NO CBC Pacheco Debbie NO CBC Berry Sujata NO CBC Deacon Gillian NO CBC Rundle Lisa NO CBC Kabango Shadrach NO CBC Berube Chris YES CBC Callender Tyrone YES CBC Siddiqui Tabassum NO CBC Mitton Peter YES CBC Parris Amanda YES CBC Reid Tashauna NO CBC Hosein Lise NO CBC Sumanac-Johnson Deana NO CBC Knegt Peter YES CBC Thompson Laura NO CBC Matlow Rachel NO CBC Coulton Brian NO CBC Hopton Alice NO CBC Cochran Cate YES CBC - Out in the Open Guillemette Daniel NO CBC / TVO Chattopadhyay Piya NO CBC Arts Candido Romeo YES CBC MUSIC FRENETTE BRAD NO CBC MUSIC Cowie Del NO CBC Radio Nazareth Errol NO CBC Radio Wachtel Eleanor NO Channel Zero Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Guía De Materia N°7 El Proceso De Independencia
    III. Chile y América en perspectiva histórica Guía de Materia N°7 El proceso de Independencia El proceso de independencia de las colonias americanas comenzó mucho antes de los sucesos de 1810 y se prolongó todavía durante algunos años hasta consolidarse. Las causas que explican este proceso son de naturalezas distintas. Mientras algunas son de carácter estructural, es decir, transformaron en el largo plazo las formas de relación entre las colonias americanas y España; otras, obedecieron a cambios coyunturales, tales como la crisis de la monarquía española. Estos cambios pueden clasificarse, además, entre causas externas y causas internas. Entre las primeras, está la difusión de las ideas de la Ilustración, la independencia de Estados Unidos y la Revolución francesa. Entre los factores internos está el debilitamiento de la Corona española y el creciente descontento de los criollos americanos con la aplicación de las reformas que impulsaron los reyes borbones. “Proclamación y Jura de la Independencia de Chile” (oleo de Fray Pedro Subercaseaux) Los énfasis que se colocan en las distintas aproximaciones históricas son diferentes; sin embargo, todas coinciden en señalar los siguientes procesos y acontecimientos previos como antecedentes a considerar: La Ilustración, movimiento intelectual europeo que surgió en el siglo XVIII y que cuestionó a la sociedad existente en ese momento. Afirmó la igualdad y libertad como principios básicos de la sociedad. Las ideas ilustradas penetraron en América y sus colonias: mediante sus viajes, las elites criollas tomaron contacto con estas nuevas ideas que de una u otra manera contribuyeron a criticar el dominio español sobre América. La Revolución Francesa (1789 – 1799), que puso fin a la monarquía absoluta en Francia y llevó a la práctica las ideas de la ilustración.
    [Show full text]
  • El Verdadero Poder De Los Alcaldes
    El verdadero poder * Texto elaborado por la redacción de Quehacer con el apoyo del historiador Eduardo Toche y del sociólogo Mario Zolezzi. Fotos: Manuel Méndez 10 de los alcaldes* 11 PODER Y SOCIEDAD n el Perú existe la idea de que las alcaldías representan un escalón Enecesario para llegar a cargos más importantes, como la Presi- dencia de la República. Sin embargo, la historia refuta esta visión ya que, con la excepción de Guillermo Billinghurst, ningún otro alcalde ha llegado a ser presidente. El político del pan grande, sin duda populista, fue derrocado por el mariscal Óscar R. Benavides. Lima siempre ha sido una ciudad conservadora, tanto en sus cos- tumbres como en sus opciones políticas. Durante el gobierno revolucio- nario de Juan Velasco Alvarado, de tinte reformista, la designación “a dedo” de los alcaldes tuvo un perfil más bien empresarial, desvinculado políticamente de las organizaciones populares. Y eso que al gobierno militar le faltaba a gritos contacto con el mundo popular. SINAMOS, una creación estrictamente política del velasquismo, habría podido de lo más bien proponer alcaldes con llegada al universo barrial. Desde su fundación española, Lima ha tenido más de trescientos alcaldes, muchos de ellos nombrados por el gobierno central. El pri- mero fue Nicolás de Ribera, el Viejo, en 1535, y desde esa fecha hasta 1839 se sucedieron más de 170 gestiones municipales. La Constitución de 1839 no consideró la instancia municipal. Recién en 1857 renace la Municipalidad de Lima y fue gobernada por un solo alcalde. El último en tentar el sillón presidencial fue Luis Castañeda Lossio y su participación en la campaña del año 2011 fue bastante pobre, demostrando que una cosa es con guitarra y otra con cajón.
    [Show full text]
  • Acta De La Comisión De Justicia Y Derechos Humanos
    ACTA DECIMO OCTAVA SESIÓN ORDINARIA 14 y 21 de Abril de 2009 ACTA DE LA COMISIÓN DE JUSTICIA Y DERECHOS HUMANOS DÉCIMO OCTAVA SESIÓN ORDINARIA (14 y 21 de Abril de 2009) SEGUNDA LEGISLATURA ORDINARIA 2008 PERIODO LEGISLATIVO 2008-2009 En Lima, a las 15 horas con 17 minutos, del día martes 14 de abril de 2009, en la Sala Raúl Porras Barrenechea del Congreso de la República, con la asistencia de los señores Congresistas: Juan Carlos Eguren Neunschwander, Presidente; Rosario Sasieta Morales, Vicepresidenta; Fredy Otárola Peñaranda, Aldo Estrada Choque, Raúl Castro Stagnaro, Martha Acosta Zarate (accesitaria), Aurelio Pastor Valdivieso, Jorge Del Castillo Gálvez, José Vargas Fernández, Mauricio Mulder Bedoya (accesitario), Carlos Torres Caro, Santiago Fujimori Fujimori y Rolando Sousa Huanambal. Presento licencia la señora Congresista: Juana Huancahuari Páucar. Solicito dispensa el señor Congresista: José Carrasco Távara. Con el Quórum Reglamentario el Presidente dio inicio a la Décimo Octava Sesión Ordinaria RECONSIDERACIÓN A LA VOTACIÓN DEL PROYECTO DE LEY 1707 El Presidente, sometió al voto la reconsideración a la votación que aprueba el predictamen recaído en el Proyecto de Ley N° 1707/2007-CR, el cual propone la ley que modifica el Código Penal para su adecuación al Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional, que fuera planteada por los congresistas Pastor Valdivieso, Vargas Fernández, Castro Stagnaro y Estrada Choque, la cual fue aprobada por mayoría con los votos favorables de los señores Congresistas: Aldo Estrada Choque, Aurelio Pastor Valdivieso, Raúl Castro Stagnaro, Mauricio Mulder Bedoya, Jorge Del Castillo Gálvez, Carlos Torres Caro, Santiago Fujimori Fujimori, Rolando Sousa Huanambal y José Vargas Fernández.
    [Show full text]
  • The Distribution of Bolivia's Most Important Natural Resources And
    Issue Brief • July 2008 The Distribution of Bolivia’s Most Important Natural Resources and the Autonomy Conflicts BY MARK WEISBROT AND LUIS SANDOVAL * Over the last year, there has been an escalation in the political battles between the government of President Evo Morales and a conservative opposition, based primarily in the prefectures, or provinces. The opposition groups have rallied around various issues but have recently begun to focus on "autonomy." Some of the details of this autonomy are legally complex and ambiguous, and they vary among the provinces whose governments are demanding autonomy. Since May of this year, four prefectures – Santa Cruz, Beni, Pando, and Tarija, which are often referred to as the "Media Luna" 1 – have held referenda, which were ruled illegal by the national judiciary, 2 in which a majority of those voting voted in favor of autonomy statutes. While there are a number of political and ideological aspects to this conflict, this paper focuses on one of the most important underlying sources of the dispute: the distribution of Bolivia's most important natural resources. For reasons described below, these are arable land and hydrocarbons. This paper shows that the ownership and distribution of these key resources are at the center of the current conflict. Furthermore, it appears that reform of this ownership and distribution may be necessary for the government to deliver on its political promise to improve the living standards of the country's poor majority, who are also disproportionately indigenous. According to the most recent data, Bolivia has a poverty rate of 60 percent. The number of people in extreme poverty is about 38 percent (UDAPE, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Friday Prime Time, April 17 4 P.M
    April 17 - 23, 2009 SPANISH FORK CABLE GUIDE 9 Friday Prime Time, April 17 4 P.M. 4:30 5 P.M. 5:30 6 P.M. 6:30 7 P.M. 7:30 8 P.M. 8:30 9 P.M. 9:30 10 P.M. 10:30 11 P.M. 11:30 BASIC CABLE Oprah Winfrey Å 4 News (N) Å CBS Evening News (N) Å Entertainment Ghost Whisperer “Save Our Flashpoint “First in Line” ’ NUMB3RS “Jack of All Trades” News (N) Å (10:35) Late Show With David Late Late Show KUTV 2 News-Couric Tonight Souls” ’ Å 4 Å 4 ’ Å 4 Letterman (N) ’ 4 KJZZ 3The People’s Court (N) 4 The Insider 4 Frasier ’ 4 Friends ’ 4 Friends 5 Fortune Jeopardy! 3 Dr. Phil ’ Å 4 News (N) Å Scrubs ’ 5 Scrubs ’ 5 Entertain The Insider 4 The Ellen DeGeneres Show (N) News (N) World News- News (N) Two and a Half Wife Swap “Burroughs/Padovan- Supernanny “DeMello Family” 20/20 ’ Å 4 News (N) (10:35) Night- Access Holly- (11:36) Extra KTVX 4’ Å 3 Gibson Men 5 Hickman” (N) ’ 4 (N) ’ Å line (N) 3 wood (N) 4 (N) Å 4 News (N) Å News (N) Å News (N) Å NBC Nightly News (N) Å News (N) Å Howie Do It Howie Do It Dateline NBC A police of cer looks into the disappearance of a News (N) Å (10:35) The Tonight Show With Late Night- KSL 5 News (N) 3 (N) ’ Å (N) ’ Å Michigan woman. (N) ’ Å Jay Leno ’ Å 5 Jimmy Fallon TBS 6Raymond Friends ’ 5 Seinfeld ’ 4 Seinfeld ’ 4 Family Guy 5 Family Guy 5 ‘Happy Gilmore’ (PG-13, ’96) ›› Adam Sandler.
    [Show full text]
  • Combating Corruption in Latin America: Congressional Considerations
    Combating Corruption in Latin America: Congressional Considerations May 21, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45733 SUMMARY R45733 Combating Corruption in Latin America May 21, 2019 Corruption of public officials in Latin America continues to be a prominent political concern. In the past few years, 11 presidents and former presidents in Latin America have been forced from June S. Beittel, office, jailed, or are under investigation for corruption. As in previous years, Transparency Coordinator International’s Corruption Perceptions Index covering 2018 found that the majority of Analyst in Latin American respondents in several Latin American nations believed that corruption was increasing. Several Affairs analysts have suggested that heightened awareness of corruption in Latin America may be due to several possible factors: the growing use of social media to reveal violations and mobilize Peter J. Meyer citizens, greater media and investor scrutiny, or, in some cases, judicial and legislative Specialist in Latin investigations. Moreover, as expectations for good government tend to rise with greater American Affairs affluence, the expanding middle class in Latin America has sought more integrity from its politicians. U.S. congressional interest in addressing corruption comes at a time of this heightened rejection of corruption in public office across several Latin American and Caribbean Clare Ribando Seelke countries. Specialist in Latin American Affairs Whether or not the perception that corruption is increasing is accurate, it is nevertheless fueling civil society efforts to combat corrupt behavior and demand greater accountability. Voter Maureen Taft-Morales discontent and outright indignation has focused on bribery and the economic consequences of Specialist in Latin official corruption, diminished public services, and the link of public corruption to organized American Affairs crime and criminal impunity.
    [Show full text]
  • Corruption and Anti-Corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness
    University of Central Florida STARS Honors Undergraduate Theses UCF Theses and Dissertations 2020 Corruption and Anti-corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness Kia R. Del Solar University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the UCF Theses and Dissertations at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Del Solar, Kia R., "Corruption and Anti-corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness" (2020). Honors Undergraduate Theses. 698. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses/698 CORRUPTION AND ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCIES: ASSESSING PERUVIAN AGENCIES’ EFFECTIVENESS by KIA DEL SOLAR PATIÑO A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Majors Program in Political Science in the School of Politics, Security, and International Affairs and in the Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term, 2020 Thesis Chair: Bruce Wilson, Ph.D. Abstract Corruption has gained attention around the world as a prominent issue. This is because corruption has greatly affected several countries. Following the exploration of various definitions and types of corruption, this thesis focuses on two efforts to rein in “grand corruption”, also known as executive corruption. The thesis is informed by existing theories of corruption as well as anti- corruption agencies and then situates Peru’s experience with corruption in its theoretical context and its broader Latin American context.
    [Show full text]
  • Políticas Públicas, Pandemia Y Corrupción: El Caso “Vacunagate” En Perú
    984 POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS, PANDEMIA Y CORRUPCIÓN: EL CASO “VACUNAGATE” EN PERÚ PUBLIC POLICIES, PANDEMIC AND CORRUPTION: THE “VACUNAGATE” CASE IN PERU Recebido em: 04/02/2021 Aprovado em: 02/04/2021 Manuel Bermúdez-Tapia 1 RESUMEN En el período de marzo a octubre del 2021, La presidencia de la República del Perú a cargo de Martín Vizcarra Cornejo había desarrollado una serie de políticas públicas que procuraban atender la pandemia del Covid-19, entre ellas un proceso que involucraba la búsqueda y adquisición de vacunas contra el virus que había dejado al país en una situación de calamidad nacional. A la salida del gobierno, las indagaciones preliminares habían determinado que la negociación y adquisición de vacunas involucraba una serie de actos que podrían generar 1 Abogado graduado con la mención de Summa Cumme Laude por la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Magister en Derecho, Doctorado en Derecho en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Argentina. Profesor Investigador de la Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista y profesor de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Investigador afiliado al MinCiencias de Colombia y al RENACYT de Perú, con código PO140233, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-9464. Correo electrónico: [email protected] R E V I S T A D I R E I T O S S O C I A I S E P O L Í T I C A S P Ú B L I C A S (UNIFAFIBE) D ISPONÍVEL EM : WWW. UNIFAFIBE . COM . BR/ REVISTA / INDEX . PHP / DIREITOS - SOCIAIS - POLITICAS - PUB / INDEX ISSN 2 3 18 -5 73 2 – V OL.
    [Show full text]
  • THESIS NO MORALES Corrections
    University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/2047 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. Andreas Tsolakis Globalisation and the reform of the Bolivian state, 1985-2005 Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Politics and International Studies University of Warwick March 2009 2 Table of Contents Illustrations and tables 3 Acknowledgments 5 Abbreviations and acronyms 6 Abstract 10 Chapter 1: Introduction 12 Chapter 2: The state as contradictory organisation of subjection 59 Chapter 3: The National Revolution, state capitalism and crisis 92 Chapter 4: The transnational historic bloc and global restructuring 125 Chapter 5: The internationalisation of the Bolivian state, 1985-2005 172 Chapter 6: Polyarchy in Bolivia, 1985-2005 221 Chapter 7: Conclusion 267 Appendix 1: Selected economic indicators 279 Appendix 2: Bolivian state map 286 Appendix 3: List of interviewees 287 Notes 289 Bibliography 322 3 Illustrations and Tables Tables : 1.1 Bolivian governments, 1985-2005. 3.1 Bolivian governments, 1951-1985. 3.2 Capital flight during Banzerato and democratic transition era. 3.3 Fixed investment, as percentage of GDP 1970-1985. 3.4 Pre-transition election results (% vote; major parties only). 4.1 Relative importance of major state-owned enterprises 1990.
    [Show full text]