Hannah Arendt Und Mary Mccarthy - Szenen Einer Freundschaft Aus Den 1940Er Und 1950Er Jahren

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hannah Arendt Und Mary Mccarthy - Szenen Einer Freundschaft Aus Den 1940Er Und 1950Er Jahren 70 Regine Othtner Hannah Arendt und Mary McCarthy - Szenen einer Freundschaft aus den 1940er und 1950er Jahren Vorbemerkung: Im Oktober 2006 wäre Hannah Arendt 100 Jahre alt geworden. Aus diesem Anlass sind eine Reihe neuer Publikationen vorgelegt worden. Er- staunlich ist jedoch, dass diese sich, soweit biographische Fragen betroffen sind, über die Beziehungen Arendts zu guten Freundinnen, von denen es eine ganze Reihe gab, eher hinwegsetzen, bzw. sie zu unterschätzen scheinen: Es gibt ei- nige Briefwechsel zwischen diesen Freundinnen und Arendt, die noch längst nicht gesichtet sind. Dagegen spielt etwa das Verhältnis Arendts zu Martin Hei- degger immer noch eine herausragende Rolle. Uber die »amerikanische Freun- din« Arendts, Mary McCarthy, ist seit der schönen Einleitung der Biographin McCarthy's, Carol Brightman, zu dem Briefwechsel zwischen den Freundinnen auf Deutsch nichts erschienen, — von einigen Überlegungen Ingeborg Nord- manns zu Arendts Briefen abgesehen. Dies hat möglicherweise damit zu tun, dass McCarthy in den Ruf eines enfant terrible auch als Nachlassverwalterin Arendts geraten ist.1 Während Hannah Arendt als politische Philosophin allent- halben gefeiert wird, ist Mary McCarthy als Schriftstellerin weitgehend in Ver- gessenheit geraten. Die folgende Skizze der Freundschaft zwischen Hannah Arendt und Mary McCarthy beschränkt sich auf Ausschnitte. Sie ist der Versuch einer neuen Annäherung an die Beziehung zwischen den beiden Frauen, der ohne vor- schnelle Urteile auskommen will. Es geht darum, das politische und intellektu- elle Umfeld, in dem sie lebten, und ihre individuellen Gesten des Denkens und Fühlens sichtbar zu machen. i. Begegnung in New York Das Talent Mary McCarthys zur Satire wurzelte laut Hannah Arendt darin, »daß sie ihre Beobachtungen aus dem Blickwinkel und mit dem Staunen eines Kindes darstellt, das merkt, daß der Kaiser keine Kleider anhat [...] Sie beginnt immer damit, ganz buchstäblich zu glauben, was jedermann sagt, und stellt sich so auf die schönsten, wunderbarsten Kleider ein. Dann tritt der Kaiser auf — völlig 1 Vgl dazu Frances Kiernan: Seeing Mary Plain, S. 658 f. Feministische Studien (© Lucius & Lucius, Stuttgart) 1/07 Hannah Arendt und Mary McCarthy 71 nackt. Diese innere Spannung zwischen Erwartung und Realität [...] gibt ihren Romanen etwas selten Dramatisches.«2 Mary McCarthy bescheinigte Hannah Arendt ihrerseits ein dramatisches Ta- lent, indem sie die Vortragende schilderte: »Ich fühlte mich daran erinnert, wie Bernhardt oder Prousts Berma eine überragende Bühnendiva gewesen sein mußten.[...] Das Theatralische an Hannah war eine Art spontane Fähigkeit, sich von einer Idee, einem Gefühl, einer Ahnung ergreifen zu lassen, deren Vehikel ihr Körper dann wurde wie der einer Schauspielerin. Und diese Fähigkeit, sich ergreifen und innerlich bewegen zu lassen — oft auffahrend und mit geweiteten Augen: >Ach!< (vor einem Bild, einem Bauwerk, einer infamen Handlung) - son- derte sie von uns anderen ab wie eine hohe elektrische Ladung.«3 Flüchtig begegnet waren sie sich schon 1944. Hannah Arendt war im Mai 1941 mit ihrem Mann Heinrich Blücher in New York angekommen. Die Blüchers lebten mit der Unterstützung jüdischer Organisationen in zwei möblierten Zimmern zusammen mit Hannahs Mutter, Martha Arendt. Hannah Arendt wurde bald zur Haupternährerin der Familie. Sie arbeitete fur den deutschsprachigen Aufiau und veröffentlichte Artikel auch in anderen jüdischen Zeitschriften. Hatte sie sich im Exil in Frankreich ausschließlich praktisch in der zionistischen Arbeit betätigt, so schrieb sie jetzt zu wichtigen Fragen der jüdi- schen Politik: Sie plädierte für die Aufstellung einer jüdischen Armee im Krieg gegen Nazi-Deutschland und trat dafür ein, Palästina zu einem Teil des briti- schen Commonwealth zu machen mit gleichen Rechten für Juden und Araber. Sie fand aber für ihre Vorstellungen innerhalb der jüdischen Gemeinschaft kaum Unterstützung; ihre Vorschläge blieben wirkungslos und sie zog sich allmählich aus den zionistischen Debatten zurück. Als Anfang 1943 in den USA die Gerüchte über die Massenvernichtung der Juden in Europa immer mehr zur Gewissheit geworden wären, war es für Arendt »wirklich, als ob der Abgrund sich öffnet«, wie sie viel später im Interview mit Günther Gaus sagte. Es gab für sie von da an kein Zurück mehr nach Europa und sie begann, in New York etwas mehr Fuß zu fassen. Dabei blieb sie jüdischen An- gelegenheiten weiterhin verpflichtet und fand Anstellungen bei jüdischen Institu- tionen. Zwischen 1944 und 1946 forschte sie für die Comission on European Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, deren Geschäftsführerin sie zwischen 1949 und 1952 wer- den sollte; von 1946—1948 war sie Lektorin beim Schocken Verlag. Durch Freunde kam sie in Kontakt mit dem Intellektuellenzirkel um Partisan Review, in dem sie sich, wie sie später sagte, gut aufgenommen fühlte. Ihre erste Veröffentlichung in der Zeitschrift, die mit ihrer Mischung aus Politik und Avantgardeliteratur bis in die 1960er einen beträchtlichen Einfluss auf den ame- 2 Arendt an Henry Allen Moe, Guggenheim Foundation, 22. 2. 1959, zitiert nachYoung-Bruehl, S. 282. 3 Saying Good bye to Hannah, in: NewYork Review of Books, 22. Januar 1976, S. 8., zitiert nachYo- ung-Bruehl, S. 285. 72 Regine Othmer rikanischen Literaturbetrieb hatte, war 1944 ein Artikel zum zwanzigsten Todes- tag Franz Kafkas. 1945 veröffentlichte sie dort über das »deutsche Problem«, 1946 einen Artikel über Existenz-Philosophie, in dem sie unter anderem hart mit Heideggers Sympathien für den Nationalsozialismus ins Gericht ging, aber auch Vorarbeiten zu ihrem Werk über denTotalitarismus. Mary McCarthy gehörte seit 1937 zum Autorenstamm, zeitweise auch zur Redaktion der Zeitschrift; sie schrieb dort regelmäßig Theaterkritiken. Als sie anfing, für die Zeitschrift zu arbeiten, war sie erst 25 Jahre alt. Sie hatte in The Nation Rezensionen und andere kleine Arbeiten veröffentlicht, arbeitete in ei- nem Verlag und war nach der Scheidung von ihrem ersten Mann in dieser Zeit mit einem der beiden Herausgeber, Phillip Rahv liiert. »Abends oder an Wo- chenenden schrieb ich meine Theaterkritiken, die monatlich in der Zeitschrift erschienen — die >Boys< hatten mich zurTheaterkritikerin ernannt, weil sie mei- nen kritischen Fähigkeiten auf anderen Gebieten nicht trauten. Außerdem über- trugen sie mir die Ubersetzung von Gides Retour de l'U.R.S.S.«4 Zu den »Boys« gehörten anfänglich William Phillips, Phillip Rahv, Fred Dupee, Dwight Mac- Donald; als Mäzen fungierte der Kunstkritiker George Morris. Die »Boys« waren ehemalige Kommunisten, die sich nach den Moskauer Pro- zessen von der Partei abgewandt und — wie McCarthy — eine kurze trotzkisti- sche Phase durchlaufen hatten. Ab 1941 waren in der Redaktion Fraktionen von Kriegsbefurwortern und -gegnern entstanden, was 1943 zu einem Bruch führte: Dwight Macdonald gründete als »standhafter« Kriegsgegner seine eigene Zeit- schrift politics, die bis 1949 bestand. McCarthy, die sehr mit ihm befreundet war, blieb bei Partisan Review, wo sie im Sommer 1941 mit der Erzählung »The Man in the Brooks Brothers Shirt« ihr literarisches Debüt gehabt hatte.5 Durch die Lebensumstände in ihrer Ehe mit dem 17 Jahre älteren renommierten Schrift- steller und Literaturkritiker Edmund Wilson, mit dem sie von 1938 bis 1945 ver- heiratet war, und ihrem gemeinsamen Sohn Reuel hatte sie sich zeitweise aus dem Zirkel entfernt und sogar ihre Theater Cronicles eingestellt. Sie hatte der Auseinandersetzung über den Krieg nicht viel Bedeutung zugemessen und be- gann erst 1944 ihre eher isolationistische Position aufzugeben. Die Geschichte, dass ihre Beziehung eigentlich mit einer Verkennung eben der Fähigkeiten und Talente, die sie später so aneinander schätzen sollten, und mit ei- nem Zerwürfnis begann, hat McCarthy bis zu ihrem Lebensende immer wieder erzählt und gerne ausgeschmückt: Es war auf einer Party, die Rahv Anfang 1945 in New York gab. Die Rede war von den Sabotageakten und der feindseligen Haltung der Franzosen gegenüber den deutschen Besatzern. McCarthy ließ die Bemerkung fallen, sie bedauere Hitler, weil sich sein Traum, von all den Völkern 4 Mary McCarthy: Was sich verändert, ist nur die Phantasie, S. 382 5 Später wurde daraus ein Kapitel ihres ersten Romans The Company she keeps (Dt.: Sie und die anderen), den Hannah nicht so schätzte wie andere Bücher Marys. Hannah Arendt und Mary McCarthy 73 geliebt zu werden, die er erobert hatte, nie erfüllen werde. Wie ein Maschinen- gewehr sei Arendt daraufhin losgegangen und habe sich an Rahv gewandt, mit der Äußerung, ob sie nach Amerika gekommen sei, um sich im Hause eines Ju- den solche Reden anhören zu müssen! Als Rahv nichts gegen McCarthys Re- den unternahm, habe Arendt ihrem Protest noch mehr Nachdruck durch die Behauptung verliehen, sie sei in einem Konzentrationslager gewesen.6 Ein dra- matischer Auftritt! Von McCarthys »absichtlicher Frechheit« vollkommen vor den Kopf ge- stoßen, vermied es Arendt bei weiteren Begegnungen, mit ihr zu sprechen. Erst 1949 nach einer Zusammenkunft, bei der es um die Zukunft von Dwight Mac- donalds politics gegangen war, machte sie ihr, als sie in einer U-Bahnstation schweigend nebeneinander standen, ein Friedensangebot: »Das macht keinen Sinn. Wir wollen das Ganze vergessen und Freundinnen werden. Und um gleich damit anzufangen, möchte ich Dir sagen, daß ich nie in einem Konzentrations- lager war.«7 2. Zwischen Europa und Amerika Als sie sich anfreundeten, war Hannah Arendt zweiundvierzig, Mary McCarthy sechsunddreißig Jahre alt. Sie hätten von Herkunft
Recommended publications
  • Mary Mccarthy
    Mary McCarthy: Manuscripts for in the Manuscript Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center Descriptive Summary Creator: McCarthy, Mary, 1912-1989 Title: Mary McCarthy, Manuscripts for The Group Dates: 1953-1964 Extent: 2 boxes, 1 galley folder (.63 linear feet) Abstract: The Ransom Center’s holdings for Mary McCarthy comprise her draft chapters, final manuscript, and galley proofs for the novel The Group . RLIN Record #: TXRC05-A10006 Language: English . Access: Open for research Administrative Information Acquisition: Purchase, 1968 (R4493) Processed by: Bob Taylor, 2003 Repository: The University of Texas at Austin, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center McCarthy, Mary, 1912-1989 Biographical Sketch Born in Seattle on June 21, 1912, Mary McCarthy was the eldest of four children born to Roy and Therese McCarthy. Orphaned upon their parents’ deaths in the flu epidemic of 1918, Mary and her brothers eventually found refuge with their maternal grandparents in Seattle. Following her graduation from Vassar College in 1933, McCarthy, intending to pursue a literary career, moved to New York City, where she soon attracted attention for her essays and dramatic criticism. In the late 1930s she began to write short stories, several of which served as the nucleus of her first novel, The Company She Keeps, published in 1942. As one of the major figures in contemporary American cultural and political thought, Mary McCarthy wrote widely in fiction( The Oasis, Cast a Cold Eye, The Groves of Academe ), theater criticism( Mary McCarthy’s Theatre Chronicles, 1937-1962 ), memoir( Memories of a Catholic Girlhood and How I Grew ), and broad-ranging commentary( Venice Observed and The Mask of State: Watergate Portraits ).
    [Show full text]
  • Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler a Dissertati
    Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Chair Ann Anagnost Stevan Harrell Danny Hoffman Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology ©Copyright 2018 Darren T. Byler University of Washington Abstract Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Department of Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies This study argues that Uyghurs, a Turkic-Muslim group in contemporary Northwest China, and the city of Ürümchi have become the object of what the study names “terror capitalism.” This argument is supported by evidence of both the way state-directed economic investment and security infrastructures (pass-book systems, webs of technological surveillance, urban cleansing processes and mass internment camps) have shaped self-representation among Uyghur migrants and Han settlers in the city. It analyzes these human engineering and urban planning projects and the way their effects are contested in new media, film, television, photography and literature. It finds that this form of capitalist production utilizes the discourse of terror to justify state investment in a wide array of policing and social engineering systems that employs millions of state security workers. The project also presents a theoretical model for understanding how Uyghurs use cultural production to both build and refuse the development of this new economic formation and accompanying forms of gendered, ethno-racial violence.
    [Show full text]
  • “I Am Afraid Americans Cannot Understand” the Congress for Cultural Freedom in France and Italy, 1950–1957
    “I Am Afraid Americans Cannot Understand” The Congress for Cultural Freedom in France and Italy, 1950–1957 ✣ Andrea Scionti Culture was a crucial yet elusive battlefield of the Cold War. Both superpowers tried to promote their way of life and values to the world but had to do so care- fully. The means adopted by the United States included not only propaganda and the use of mass media such as cinema and television but also efforts to help shape the world of highbrow culture and the arts. The Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF), an organization sponsored by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), offered U.S. policymakers and intellectuals the opportunity to provide indirect support for anti-Communist intellectuals without being openly associated with their activities. Although the CCF represented one of the main instruments for the United States to try to win the hearts and minds of postwar Europe, it also created new challenges for U.S. Cold War- riors. By tying themselves to the European intelligentsia, they were forced to mediate between different societies, cultures, and intellectual traditions. This article looks at the contexts of France and Italy to highlight this interplay of competing notions of anti-Communism and cultural freedom and how the local actors involved helped redefine the character and limits of U.S. cultural diplomacy. Although scholars have looked at the CCF and its significance, es- pecially in the Anglo-Saxon world, a focus on French and Italian intellectuals can offer fresh insights into this subject. The Congress for Cultural Freedom was the product of a convergence of interests between the CIA’s recently established Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) and a small number of American and European intellectuals, many of them former Communists, concerned about the perceived success of the Soviet cultural offensive in Western Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultural Cold War the CIA and the World of Arts and Letters
    The Cultural Cold War The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters FRANCES STONOR SAUNDERS by Frances Stonor Saunders Originally published in the United Kingdom under the title Who Paid the Piper? by Granta Publications, 1999 Published in the United States by The New Press, New York, 2000 Distributed by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York The New Press was established in 1990 as a not-for-profit alternative to the large, commercial publishing houses currently dominating the book publishing industry. The New Press oper- ates in the public interest rather than for private gain, and is committed to publishing, in in- novative ways, works of educational, cultural, and community value that are often deemed insufficiently profitable. The New Press, 450 West 41st Street, 6th floor. New York, NY 10036 www.thenewpres.com Printed in the United States of America ‘What fate or fortune led Thee down into this place, ere thy last day? Who is it that thy steps hath piloted?’ ‘Above there in the clear world on my way,’ I answered him, ‘lost in a vale of gloom, Before my age was full, I went astray.’ Dante’s Inferno, Canto XV I know that’s a secret, for it’s whispered everywhere. William Congreve, Love for Love Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................... v Introduction ....................................................................1 1 Exquisite Corpse ...........................................................5 2 Destiny’s Elect .............................................................20 3 Marxists at
    [Show full text]
  • MARXIST a Discussion Journal
    PRICE: TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE .The MARXIST A Discussion Journal e The Wilson Screw on the Workers e The· Labour Party and Socialism e The International Situation in 1966 Vol. 1 Number 1 NoV'einber-December, 1966 Vol. 1 No. 1 NOVEMBER-DECEMBER, 1966 THE MARXIST A Discussion Journal IN THIS ISSUE Our Purpose this page The Marxist is published six times a year, inJanuary, March, The Wilson Screw on the Workers 5 May, July, September and November. Contributions intended by Reg Birch for publication should reach the editorial office by the first of the month preceding publication. The International Si.tuation in 1966 9 The Labour Party and Socialism 21 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE by Mike Faulkner Reg Birch Ewan MacColl Mike Faulkner Sam Nelson Jim Kean Colin Penn Tom Hill Ted Roycraft OUR PURPOSE VAST CHANGES are taking place in the world, sweeping away old Editorial address: political landmarks. Among those most affected are the people of Britain. Flat 4, 53 Shepherds Hi 11, The United States no longer occupies the unchallenged position it held London, N.6. at the end of the second world war. NATO is no longer a cohesive alliance, and the divisions in the West grow more marked as France strengthens Manager: Mike Faulkner 9-er leadership of the forces resisting the subordination of European capitalism to Amer.i:can. Price: 2s.6d. (Js. post paid) Annual Subscription 11s. 6d. post paid Divisions within the socialist world raise issues which go to the very in the United Kingdom. root of socialist principles and practice. Soviet policy increasingly emphasises the finding of C<Jmmon ground with the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary Mccarthy
    ANALYSIS The Group (1963) Mary McCarthy (1912-1989) "A kind of compendious history of the faith in progress of the nineteen-thirties and forties as reflected in the behavior and notions of [eight] young women--college graduates of the year 1933.... No male consciousness is present in the book; through these eight points of view, all feminine, all consciously enlightened, are refracted, as if from a series of pretty prisms, all the novel ideas of the period concerning sex, politics, economics, architecture, city-planning, house-keeping, child-bearing, interior decoration, and art. It is a crazy quilt of cliches, platitudes, and idees recues. Yet the book is not meant to be a joke or even a satire, exactly, but a 'true history' of the times despite the angle or angles of distortion." Mary McCarthy Application for Guggenheim grant (1959) "No one in the know likes the book, and I dread what will happen to it in the New York Times Book Review.... I've now read it through, and in my usual see-sawing, indecisive way have formed two opinions: (1) bad, that it is a very labored, somehow silly Vassar affair... (2) good, a kind of clearness and innocence, trying to be kind to the characters--one feels she often made them dull so as not to resemble any of her real class-mates.... I doubt if she feels it's much of a masterpiece, still the excitement of a first commercial success is intoxicating." Robert Lowell Letter to Elizabeth Bishop (12 August 1963) "In her persistently reasonable, acutely amused way, Miss McCarthy knows everything about these girls.
    [Show full text]
  • Publications, Encounter, Preuves, and Tempo Presente Soon Established Themselves in Their Respective Markets and Formed the Core of the CCF’S Ongoing Operations
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: THE DEMISE OF THE CONGRESS FOR CULTURAL FREEDOM: TRANSATLANTIC INTELLECTUAL CONSENSUS AND “VITAL CENTER” LIBERALISM, 1950-1967 Scott Kamen, Master of Arts, 2011 Directed By: Saverio Giovacchini, Associate Professor, Department of History From the 1950 to 1967, the U.S. government, employing the newly formed CIA, covertly provided the majority of the funding for an international organization comprised primarily of Western non-communist left intellectuals known as the Congress for Cultural Freedom. The Paris-based Congress saw its primary mission as facilitating cooperative networks of non-communist left intellectuals in order to sway the intelligentsia of Western Europe away from its lingering fascination with communism. This thesis explores how the Congress largely succeeded in the 1950s in establishing a cohesive international network of intellectuals by fostering a transatlantic consensus around “vital center” liberalism as a necessary guardian of the Western cultural intellectual tradition in the face of perceived communist threats. By examining the ways in which developments in the 1960s shattered this transatlantic consensus this thesis demonstrates how the Congress suffered an inevitable demise as Western intellectuals became disillusioned with American liberalism of the “vital center.” THE DEMISE OF THE CONGRESS FOR CULTURAL FREEDOM: TRANSATLANTIC INTELLECTUAL CONSENSUS AND “VITAL CENTER” LIBERALISM, 1950-1967 By Scott C. Kamen Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2011 Advisory Committee: Professor Saverio Giovacchini, Chair Professor David Freund Professor James Gilbert Professor Mario Del Pero (de facto) © Copyright by Scott C.
    [Show full text]
  • Memoirs of a Political Education
    best of times, worst of times the tauber institute for the study of eu ro pe an jewry series Jehuda Reinharz, General Editor Sylvia Fuks Fried, Associate Editor The Tauber Institute Series is dedicated to publishing compelling and innovative approaches to the study of modern Eu ro pe an Jewish history, thought, culture, and society. The series features scholarly works related to the Enlightenment, modern Judaism and the struggle for emancipation, the rise of nationalism and the spread of antisemitism, the Holocaust and its aftermath, as well as the contemporary Jewish experience. The series is published under the auspices of the Tauber Insti- tute for the Study of Eu ro pe an Jewry— established by a gift to Brandeis University from Dr. Laszlo N. Tauber— and is supported, in part, by the Tauber Foundation and the Valya and Robert Shapiro Endowment. For the complete list of books that are available in this series, please see www .upne .com Eugene M. Avrutin, Valerii Dymshits, Alexander Ivanov, Alexander Lvov, Harriet Murav, and Alla Sokolova, editors Photographing the Jewish Nation: Pictures from S. An- sky’s Ethnographic Expeditions Michael Dorland Cadaverland: Inventing a Pathology of Catastrophe for Holocaust Survival Walter Laqueur Best of Times, Worst of Times: Memoirs of a Po liti cal Education Berel Lang Philosophical Witnessing: The Holocaust as Presence David N. Myers Between Jew and Arab: The Lost Voice of Simon Rawidowicz Sara Bender The Jews of Białystock during World War II and the Holocaust Nili Scharf Gold Yehuda Amichai: The Making of Israel’s National Poet Hans Jonas Memoirs Itamar Rabinovich and Jehuda Reinharz, editors Israel in the Middle East: Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, Pre- 1948 to the Present Christian Wiese The Life and Thought of Hans Jonas: Jewish Dimensions Eugene R.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago Political Freedom Between
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO POLITICAL FREEDOM BETWEEN ARENDT AND FOUCAULT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY JOHN U. NEF COMMITTEE ON SOCIAL THOUGHT BY DAWN HERRERA HELPHAND CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments iii Abstract v Chapter One: Liberal Conceptions of Political Freedom: Property, Sovereignty, State 1 Chapter Two: Freedom Between Arendt and Foucault: Problematics and Possibilities 48 Chapter Three: Freedom as Practice 118 Chapter Four: The Free Subject in Play 153 Chapter Five: State, Race, Violence 202 Chapter Six: Freedom as Event 248 ii I owe an immense debt of gratitude to the teachers, mentors and friends who have guided me in the completion of this project. I would like to thank my Chair, Nathan Tarcov, for his trust in my capacity, his steadying hand when I myself doubted it, and for the care he has taken with my work; Patchen Markell, whose subtle insight and breadth of knowledge, have been matched only by his profound generosity; and Bernard Harcourt, who from the beginning has directed me straight to the heart of the matter and encouraged me to embrace my vision as my own. Thank you all for challenging and supporting me. I am truly fortunate to have had the opportunity to work with you: your friendship and advice are an inestimable gift. Thank you to the Committee on Social Thought, for providing my colleagues and I with that rarest, most precious scholarly resource: space to think. For helping me find my footing there I am deeply indebted to the late Paul Friedrich, a great soul and a dear friend.
    [Show full text]
  • Partisans Re-Viewed
    PARTISANS RE-VIEWED Anne Thompson Submitted to the Institute of Education, University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1990 BIBL LONDIN UNIV ABSTRACT The following thesis is a case study, a history, of -a magazine, Partisan Review, over a period of twenty years (1934-1954) treating it as a series of texts together constituting a transforming discourse. A discourse constructed in and against a discourse of Americanism, itself constructed through an interplay with representations of Europe. Partisan Review was initiated in 1934 within the institutional and intellectual framework of the American Communist Party as an organ of the John Reed Club. In 1937 formal links with the Communist Party were severed and the magazine reappeared as nominally independent but with clear Trotskyist sympathies. After a period of non-alignment without any explicit political programme, an editorial in 1952 declared a neo- Liberal and anti-communist support for "Our Country and Our Culture". It is asserted that these shifts did not constitute radical breaks, but were constructed gradually. The thesis attempts to make the discourse and its process of transformation intelligible to the reader by mapping the emergence and inter-relations of key concepts (including Aestheticism, Alienation, National, Intellectual, Science.) It is argued that each concept or element was defined both by its opposition to an antithetical concept and its place in the discourse - by the specific combination or articulation of the elements. Three editorial texts from 1937, 1941 and 1952, are taken as exemplars, momentary crystallisations of this transformatory practice, and each is subjected to an analysis which attempts to unpick and to gloss its changing component elements and the transforming articulations between elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Socialism Without Socialists Egyptian Marxists and Nasserist State 1952 to 1965.Pdf
    A Thesis entitled Socialism without Socialists: Egyptian Marxists and the Nasserist State, 1952-65 by Derek A. Ide Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Arts Degree in History University of Toledo _______________________________________________ Dr. Ovamir Anjum, Committee Chair _______________________________________________ Dr. Roberto Padilla, Committee Member _______________________________________________ Dr. Todd Michney, Committee Member _______________________________________________ Dr. Patricia R. Komuniecki, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2015 Copyright 2015, Derek A. Ide This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author An Abstract of Socialism without Socialists: Egyptian Marxists and the Nasserist State, 1952-65 by Derek A. Ide Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Arts Degree in History University of Toledo This thesis investigates the interaction between Egyptian Marxists and the Egyptian State under Gamal Abd Al-Nasser from 1952 to 1965. After the Free Officer coup of July, 1952, the new government launched a period of repression that targeted many political organizations, including the communists. Repression against the communists was interrupted during a brief interlude from mid-1956 until the end of 1958, when Nasser launched a second period of repression heavily aimed at the communist left. Utilizing quantitative data of the communist prisoner population as well as qualitative first-hand accounts from imprisoned communists, this thesis reconstructs the conditions, demographics, and class status of the communists targeted by the repressive apparatus of the Egyptian state. It also explores the subjective response of the Egyptian communists and their ideological shifts vis-à-vis changing material and repressive conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Domestic Political Culture and US-Italian Relations in The
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository DOMESTIC POLITICAL CULTURE AND US-ITALIAN RELATIONS IN THE EARLY COLD WAR. By CHIARA MORBI 1 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of American and Canadian Studies School of English, Drama and American and Canadian Studies College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham 2 ABSTRACT This thesis focuses on US-Italian relations and cultural diplomacy in the early Cold War. Particular attention is devoted to the scholarship on the Congress for Cultural Freedom, an organization of left-wing anti-Communist intellectuals established in 1950 and financed by the CIA. Instead of looking at this organization from a transnational perspective, this work has as the starting point the local dimension of it. In particular, the Italian branch of the CCF: Associazione Italiana per la Libertà della Cultura and the journal Tempo Presente. Differently from other European context, the Italian cultural experiment failed in promoting a transnational anti-Communist culture due to domestic factors such as: the political establishment, non-governmental groups with a socialising function and the political culture of the country.
    [Show full text]