Cameio to challenge Kennedy in Mass. race --story page 11

INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY

-- see p. 8-9 -- N.Y. high schoolers demand Bill of Rights --story page 6

MEXICAN POLITICAL PRISONERS DEMAND RELEASE OF PANTHERS & CHICAGO 10

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~L :f"ill LI&N7 0, .S~l; ... .JJA~N.IA/..fll:l'/iJIJ IN ?'II£ dueL. C 0NNt/N4Y ~A.ICIL~df,tl/).5. j Page 2 THE MILITANT Friday, March 6, 1970 • • THE SDS disbands; students 101n YSA MILITANT Bdltor: HARRY RING Managing Bditor: MARY-ALICB WATBP.S Hope to form new local ished. Capitalists, from Nixon to the Business Manager: FLAX HERMES liberals, are increasingly in support of Published weekly by The Militant Publishing in Tallahassee a volunteer army. It is imperative that Ass'n., 873 Broadway, New York, N. Y.10003. we attempt an examination of their mo­ Phone 533-6414. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: domestic, Tallahassee, Fla. tives and question our own priorities. $4 a year; foreign, $5.50. By first class mail: Well, it's happened again. The SDS Imperialism has required working­ domestic and Canada $13.50, all other coun­ class armies. However, this may not tries, $20.00. Air printed matter: domestic and here at Florida State L.:niversity has Canada, $20.00; Latin America and Eu­ disbanded and some students are join­ be true in the near future for the U. S. rope, $40.00; Africa, Australia, Asia (including ing YSA We hope to form a new local , , --'This .column i$ an: open fQrilm which, because of technology, can rely USSR), $50.00. Write for sealed air postage on a highly mobile, mechanized army. rates. Signed articles by contributors do not here. This will really be a historic event for all viewpoints on .$ubjeets of uecessarily represent The!l.filitant'sviews. These in Tallahassee, one of the most reac­ gen~al .. interest to our, readers.,· Such an army would be an increasing­ are expressed in editorials. tionary areas in the country. The .John Please keep·y.our Itttf.ts;oti~;~ ·· ly smaller percentage of the population, assuming many Vietnams do not erupt Birchers run their own bookstorE' down­ ne£essary they will -•be •· abtilged. Volume 34 Number 8 and destroy the capitalists' plans. Vol­ town which sells all sorts of rightist Writers'·· initials will be used, names . trash, from Masters of Deceit to Amer­ unteers would likely be recruited from being Withheld ~·· au:tliorization the least likely candidates for a revolu­ ica- Love it or Leave it and "God is giyen for use. ":• · , Friday, March 6, 1970 bless Spiro Agnew" bumper stickers! tion, instead of being conscripted from The Leon County sheriff is reputed to those who cannot avoid the draft. Vol­ be a member of this infamous orga­ unteers would provide an excellent force nization. Nevertheless we intend to are here to stay as long as we are hu­ for suppressing revolts, foreign or do­ build an effective organization that will man. mestic, and would doubtfully ever start wake up a lot of people to the truth. Freud, like Darwin and Einstein, in their own revolt. Closing news date- Feb. 27 Brenda Shellman his scientific work did not contradict A drafted army, on the other hand, the laws discovered by Marx- although particularly when drawn from thework­ neither Freud nor Darwin nor Einstein ing class, possesses organizing poten­ "The Freudian Left" review were Marxists. Isn't it stupid to use tial and may not allow itself to be used Long before that action, Goddard had one's knowledge of Marx to make as a suppression tool (especially if do­ functioning SDS and Female Libera­ tion groups. Black groups are also Philadelphia, Pa. judgements about unconscious sexuality mestic revolt spreads to the communi­ active on campus. Lenin never made any judgement or natural selection or the motion of the ties from which the draftees come). A Weatherman collective stayed at about psychoanalysis because he didn't planets? With the recent trend upward in G I HF. organizing, the potential for revolt is the college on their way to Chicago and know anything about it. Trotsky stud­ several Goddard people went with them. ied it a little and limited himself to a becoming a reality. Capitalists are not Black students want ignorant of this trend; many already When a member of the collective was few modest comments. busted to keep him away from Chicago, But your reviewer of "The Freudian to sell The Militant realize a mechanized, mobile and vol­ untary army is within this country's Goddard students put up much of the Lefr does not feel held back by igno­ bail money. rance. He seems to feel that a smatter­ Quincy, Ill. capacity, logistically and economically. While recognizing that there are certain Goddard students have been and are ing of dialectical politics gives him the The Black Students Association of active in SDS, the Peace and Freedom right to comment on any science, even Quincy College feels that your paper obvious gains for the working class, particularly the individual, from mov­ Party, SWP, the Venceremos Brigade, if he knows no more about it than a contains the necessary dynamics to set etc. Many of us were involved in high bright schoolboy. Stalin used to feel a spark to an apathetic populace. We ing to a volunteer army, we must not lose sight of the important negative school movements long before coming the same way. would like to attempt to sell your paper to Goddard. We will be active in po­ aspects mentioned above. It may be in The laws of psychology cannot be in an effort to reach the silent majority litical movements long after we leave. their interest, as well as socialists', to deduced from politics. Sexual repres­ on campus and relate to them the true P.R.J. sion is older and probably more en­ meaning of the Black struggle. oppose initiatives by capitalists to cre­ during than class society. 'Ibe evidence All power to the people. ate an obedient volunteer army and for incest taboos, birth fantasies, castra­ Isaac B. Nicholson Jr. instead spend our energy continuing Seeking ways to educate tion fears, and dream symbolism is Chairman, BSA the development of class consciousness more ancient than the state, private and antiwar feelings among G Is. on women's liberation property, or the family. Walt Snyder Some psychological evils may fade In defense of nonviolence away after a revolution. :\Iany others Toronto, Canada Seeks alternative I would like to extend my apprecia­ ::-.rew Canaan, Conn. tion of recent articles published in The More and more of your readers are APO San Francisco, Calif. Militant on Women's Liberation. This, saying they are turning away from Send me your paper. I'm tired of of course, is an important and key nonviolent methods of protest. I know reading this Army shit. issue of the day and must be publicized these methods are not speedy but they R.Z. as widely as possible. are the only way. If the movement As a member of the League for So­ wants to help man it must consider cialist Action and a Wome.n's Libera­ everyone including the fascists, the Nix­ Urges expanded coverage tion group, I am working in conjunc­ ons, etc. Destroying them will not de­ tion with other women in finding as stroy their ideas. 'Ibey must be shown of African struggles many ways as possible to educate, stim­ the error of their ways. I know that ulate, and initiate action around the sounds impossible, but violence is their New York, N.Y. issue of the oppressive roles women tactic. It should not be ours. I recently finished reading the past are made to play in society. P.M issue of the Black Dwarf, Tariq Ali's British biweekly. There were several Some of us feel it is an excellent idea Suggests reevaluation good articles in it on the liberation to use the theater as a vehicle for this struggle in Mozambique, Zimbabwe purpose, in conjunction with other of draft stand and South Africa I have noticed that media there hasn't been much in The Militant Teriesa Lee-Horbatiuk Somerville, Mass. covering those areas recently. With the Your article ( Feb. 20 Militant) on the paucity of correct information in the class bias of the draft provides an ex­ bourgeois press, Afro-Americans and Japanese professor cellent analysis of the exploitation of others must look elsewhere for coverage the working class for imperialist needs. on these struggles. I'm confident The renews subscription But I'm uncertain socialists and the Militant will come through in these 'It's a Living.' working class should accept the conclu­ areas. sion that conscription should be abol- Atlanta, Ga B.D.S. Since I came to the United States in [The Black Dwarf is making a special .June of 1968, I have been enjoying offer to American readers. See ad this The Militant very much. It is now one issue. -Editor] of my favorite newspapers in America. ::-.row I have to return. I am a profes­ sor of American history in .Japan. I Takes issue with letter shall be very happy if you send me IF YOU SUPPORT THE ANTIWAR MOVEMENT, THE BLACK LIBERA­ on Goddard your newspaper for two years at my home address. TION STRUGGLE, THE WOMEN'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT, THE Plainfield, Vt. K.S. FIGHT FOR SOCIALIST DEMOCRACY IN EASTERN EUROPE , A SO- I read with interest the letter on God­ dard College in the Nov. 28, 1969, CIALIST AMERICA, YOU BELONG IN THE YSA ... Back in Print ------. Militant. r------The coverage of the steps Goddard THE DEATH AGONY OF ------clipandmail ------~ took in support of the October and CAPITALISM Young Socialist Alliance, Box 471 Cooper Station, New York, N.Y. 10003. November Moratoriums was accurate, and the but I must correct some wrong impres­ TASKS OF THE FOURTH 0 I would like more information b I wont to join the YSA sions which Dave [who wrote the letter] gave your readers. I must disagree INTERNATIONAL Nome with his conclusion that Goddard has By Leon Trotsky been "... a haven for hippies and 48pp 50 cents others who consider themselves apoliti­ Address cal." I also want to correct the state­ ment that the Moratorium support ac­ PATHFINDER PRESS City State _ Zip _ tions were the "... first stirrings of 873 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003 political consciousness at Goddard. Friday, March 6, 1970 THE MILITANT Page 3 SMC kicks off AprillS drive WASHINGTON, D. C. - Following action proposal adopted by the SMC the Feb. 14-15 national student anti­ conference. In the next couple of weeks, war conference in Cleveland, the Stu­ there will be a number of regional and dent Mobilization Committee, at every local conferences to discuss implemen­ level, is pushing ahead to implement tation of the Cleveland plans. the plans made at the conference. The The SMC's spring offensive will cli­ SMC's national office reports an en­ max on the week of April 13-18. The thusiastic response from around the conference called for strikes and other country to the conference decisions. actions on every high school and col­ The Chicago Peace Council, for ex­ lege campus in the country April 15. ample, has already endorsed the mass- These actions will mobilize the cam­ puses for participation in the mass ral­ lies and marches in cities around the country that afternoon or evening, which Added data will be built in cooperation with the New Mobilization Committee and the Viet­ on SMC parley nam Moratorium Committee. The Cleveland conference made clear AT SMC PRESS CONFERENCE. Among participants in SMC press WASHINGTON - Statistics the determination to continue the fight conference on eve of national gathering in Cleveland were (left to drawn from registration blanks against the war with mass actions in right): Allen Myers, editor of SMC's GI Press Service; Don Gure­ filled out by participants in every town and city to demand the witz of SMC staff and Mrs. Cyrus Eaton, recently returned from the SMC's national conference, immediate withdrawal of U. S. troops North Vietnam. indicate the organization's from Vietnam. Some other aspects of scope. With nearly 4,000 pres­ the SMC spring offensive are: • Support to a national GI petition its office space and its national staff. ent, 3,308 filled out registra­ e Support to the National Black Refer­ drive for immediate and total withdrawal Literature and buttons for the spring tion forms. Of these, 2, 044 were endum on immediate withdrawal from from Vietnam. offensive are now in preparation. A college students and 391 were Vietnam; At the Cleveland conference, the SMC new issue of the Student Mobilizer is highschoolers. Among those • A campaign for a High School also reaffirmed its demand for the aboli­ now on the press. It will contain pic­ who registered therewere2,166 Bill of Rights; tion of the draft and resolved to par­ tures of the Cleveland conference, texts men and 1,142 women. There e Encouragement to local antiwar ticipate in the antidraft activities called of workshop proposals and motions were participants from 40 and women's liberation groups to col­ by the New Mobe during the week of passed by the plenary sessions, and states and the District of Co­ laborate in setting aside one day of March 16-22. a number of articles with ideas and sug­ lumbia. the week of April 13-18 for antiwar To meet the demands imposed by the gestions or carrying out the spring actions organized and led by women; action program, the SMC is expanding offensive. Huntley-Brinkley unveil spooks Behind Saigon f press corps ' agents scandal

By ROBERT LANGSTON pected to arrive in Saigon early in .Jan­ behind me, but I accidentally went into to be the case," he replied. "In some The last week in January, a scandal uary. The two Americans, at least, who a dead-end street and they went running countries they do have the immediate came to light in Saigon. There are so were infiltrated into the press corps were by without noticing. They never did withdrawal slogan, like in Australia many scandals in Saigon that this one to be his shadows. Press credentials, it find me again until the next morning. and New Zealand, where they have didn't stand out particularly, but it did was thought, would make it simpler Memo to the State Department: if you're troops involved. They have had the considerably irritate American news­ for the spooks to hover, unsuspected, going to waste my money hiring detec­ same kind of discussions we've had men in Vietnam and occasion a good around the "active subversive." As it tives, don't hire amateurs." in the United States. bit of speculation. turned out, this brilliant stratagem not The spy-boys and theiremployershad . "In Japan, India and elsewhere, I It seems that two Americans and two only stirred up the little scandal, but reason to be concerned about Myers' didn't run into anybody who was up­ South Vietnamese, working for U.S. it was futile. For the South Vietnamese activities abroad. Because he was up set about our slogans. They thought Military Intelligence, somehow came to guardians of state security turned the to something more dangerous to im­ we were doing our jobs properly, and be equipped with correspondents' cre­ "threat" away at the Saigon airport. perialism than photographing military _ in many cases they thought we were dentials certifying them full-fledged The object of all this cloak-and-dag­ installations, assassinating heads of ahead of them in many respects." members of the Saigon press corps. ger attention was Allen Myers, editor state, or blowing up nuclear reactors. Representatives of the South Vietnam­ They pretended to be reporters for a of the GI Press Service, which is pub­ He was talking to people. He was ese Provisional Revolutionary Govern­ legitimate U. S. news service, which lished by the Student Mobilization Com­ discussing with American Gis wher­ ment and of the Democratic Republic promptly denied any knowledge of mittee. He completed a round-the-world ever he could. He was addressing mass of Vietnam also indicated to Myers their them. Just why Army Intelligence support of the American movement's should want to worm its way into the tour for the SM C just in time to return meetings, explaining the U. S. antiwar for the Feb. 14-15 Cleveland antiwar movement and bringing messages of activity. In Paris, Myers reported, "I press corps was unclear, though agency conference. And almost everywhere he spokesmen somewhat feebly declared solidarity from it to the movements met with the DRV people first, for about the whole thing a "regrettable error" and went, Myers reports, he seemed to cast around the world. He was exchanging a half an hour, and talked with them promised it would not happen again. multiple shadows, as if the sun were ideas and discussing problems with the about the antiwar movement, public Part of the explanation of the affair always shining, and from several di­ leaders ofthe anti-imperialist movements opinion in the U.S., etc., and received came out on the Feb. 19 Huntley-Brink­ rections at once. everywhere. their best wishes for the success of the ley newscast. A man who constitutes an In some cases, though, his shadows During his tour, Myers visited Au­ Cleveland antiwar conference. "active subversive threat"- in the words didn't have quite the tenacity proper stralia, New Zealand, Japan, the Phil­ "In the afternoon, I met for an hour of the Intelligence source who leaked to a natural phenomenon. In Beirut, ippines, Okinawa, Ceylon, India, Israel, with Mme. Dung of the PRG. She ex­ the story to Huntley-Brinkley-was ex- Myers noted, they "were hotfooting it Lebanon, France and Denmark. plained to me that it is important to Myers had trouble singling out the build united actions for immediate with­ highlights of his tour. "It's hard to say," drawal. She didn't have any trouble he commented. "There were a lot of convincing me." high points. The demonstration in Syd­ ney, the big mass meeting in Bombay where I spoke with Krishna Menon, Now in Paperback were two of them certainly. "Mainly, though, it was just the gen­ eral reaction I met with of people every­ Fifty years of where: their encouragement and their pleasure at the growth of the antiwar WORLD REVOLUTION movement in the United States, and their determination to build the same kind of movements in their countries." 1917-1967 At the Bombay meeting, Myers re­ ported, former Indian Defense Minister A Symposium Krishna Menon called on the audience to build a movement comparable to Edited with on introduction and the American antiwar movement to force the Indian government to give support article by ERNEST MANDEL to the Vietnamese liberation forces. I asked Myers if the antiwar activists pp. paper in countries that do not have troops 366 $2.45 cloth $7.95 fighting in Vietnam and where the move­ ments generally adopt as a main slogan, PATHFINDER PRESS, INC. "Support the NLF," understood the reasons for the U.S. movement's adop­ (formerly Merit Publishers) tion of "Bring the troops home now" 873 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003 as the central slogan. "I found that Page 4 THE MiliTANT Friday, March 6, 1970 A lifelong revolutionary fighter

By CHARLES SCHEER get out The Militant. Ray Dunne, Carl (A veteran unionist and leader of Skoglund and the other Trotskyists in the Minneapolis Socialist Workers Par­ Minneapolis played an essential role ty, Charles Scheer was a long-time col­ by their financial sacrifice and moral laborator with V.R. Dunne.) support. In 1933, the Ford Company took MINNEAPOLIS-Ray Dunne died over the coalyard where Ray worked. Feb. 17 after more than 60 years of He was organizing a union and also continuous activity in the revolution­ giving public speeches explaining how ary movement. He was 80 years old. the rise of Hitler represented a danger His activity, and the leadership and to the workers of the world. This was training he gave with it, left a great too much, so he was fired. imprint among workers, socialists and In February 1934, the coalyards were students, as well as writers and pro­ well enough organized for a victorious fessors. strike - the first such victory in Min­ An article in the Minneapolis Tribune neapolis in years. From that point of reporting his death recounted some of vantage, a successful organizing cam­ Ray's life. It referred to him as a "So­ paign was conducted among the drivers cialist labor leader, ex-convict, street in other industries, including the dock­ fighter and self-taught Greek scholar." hands and other workers associated with The "street fighter" bit seems a little in­ the drivers. In two long, bloody strike congruous to those who knew him as battles that summer, the bosses were a quiet, small-statured man of dignity soundly defeated. and meticulous appearance. The article Leadership team went on to state that Ray, along with The ability of the strikers to phys­ his brothers Miles and Grant, and Far­ ically defeat all the forces pitted against rell Dobbs, national secretary of the them, to defy the governor and his na­ SWP, led the 1934 general drivers strikes tional guard and come out victorious, that made Minneapolis a union town; required an exceptional leadership. It that this victory of Local 574 was required a constantly broadening lead­ achieved by a successful battle against CHARACTERISTIC. V. R. Dunne discusses with Cheryl Hill at 1968 ership team. It required an understand­ the police, strikebreakers and the bosses' YSA convention. Always concerned with the political education of ing of the workers, of the unemployed, Citizens Alliance; that they won out in young people, he made a major contribution to recruiting the cadre of the farmers, of the union movement, spite of the national guard and mar­ of youth which revitalized the Trotskyist movement as the McCarthy as well as of the opposition (this in­ tial law. cluded the federal government media­ A 1966 article in the Twin Citian era drew to a close. tors as well as the cops). magazine by Gretchen Tselos saw Ray that had meant a great deal to him, class and the struggle for a future free The drivers had a leadership team Dunne as "a man who at 77 remains among them Hugo's Les Miserables from the exploitation of man by man. with this kind of understanding and committed to man's struggle for social and Zola's The Downfall. He was de­ The 1907 panic was a painful object courage at every stage. They outfought progress." And further, "V.R. Dunne is voted to the values of culture and de­ lesson on the evils of capitalism. The and outsmarted the bosses, the medi­ a materialist with a dream and a com­ termined that the working man should lumberjacks were abruptly laid off. Ray ators and the repressive forces. At the mitted activist for life." share in them. This lean, spare man, went on to Seattle and down into Cali­ head of this leadership team was V.R. Put theories to test charged with a condensed energy, and fornia, observing the pariah conditions Dunne. The late Prof. F. 0. Mathiessen, dis­ without one wasted gesture, might well of the workers forced out of jobs by the This great victory served as an in­ tinguished Harvard social and literary be the nearest America had come to pro­ panic. He began his long career of spiration and example for workers in critic, in an analysis of labor and left ducing a Marxist leader in the selfless public speaking, and was arrested in other industries and in other cities. It political leaders internationally, ob­ tradition of Lenin." California for giving an IWW street also contributed to a fusion between the served: "The most thoughtful man Charles Rumford Walker, in his book corner speech. Trotskyists and the American Workers among the labor leaders with whom American City, put down some impres­ After swinging around through the Party of A.J. Muste, who at about the I have been acquainted is Vincent Ray sions he got from workers in Minneap­ Southwest, working at what odd jobs same time had led a great, successful Dunne of Minneapolis' Teamsters olis 30-odd years ago. "The workers he could get, Ray came to Minneapolis. struggle against Auto-Lite in Toledo. Union. I saw him in the summer of knew Ray Dunne as a good organ­ In Minneapolis, among other jobs he A couple of years later, patience, dig­ 1936, at the time when he and his izer, a man who smoked union-made had, was one driving one of the first nity and understanding made him a brothers had been so effectively organ­ cigarettes, was fond of the movement, trucks of the American Express Co. good diplomat in achieving a unity izing the previously wide open town of lived in his mother's house in south From 1921-1933, Ray worked in the with the left wing of the temporarily Minneapolis. Minneapolis, didn't get drunk, and was coalyards arid became a weighmaster. revitalized Socialist Party. "Here was a Trotskyite I could un­ honest. They followed his leadership and From this point of vantage he became In 1941, Roosevelt was preparing to derstand, for he was essentially an I­ many of them, if the occasion had of­ well acquainted with the men who did enter World War II. He had to crack rish revolutionary who had been part fered, would be quite willing to die for the work as well as the operation of down on the most serious opponents of the IWW in its stormiest days and him. the industry. of the war. He joined forces with Dan­ had put his theories to the test of mil­ "One reason was his physical courage. Russian Revolution iel Tobin, president of the Teamsters itant practice at every stage." Life had made bodily fearlessness a The 1917 Russian Revolution was International, to accomplish this. Tobin Then later on he observes: "Dunne matter of routine. In the past two years a source of inspiration to workers every­ had bucked every victorious action of spoke quietly, but firmly. For a while alone Dunne has been beaten up several where. The IWW and the left wing of the Minneapolis leaders, opposed the after the meeting he talked about books times by the police on picket lines, at­ the Socialist Party had stood up against over-the-road drivers' organization, sent tacked on the street by armed thugs, the hysteria of the First World War. In his thugs to Minneapolis. In 1941, Roosevelt got indictments thrown into jail, confined in a stockade 1919, they formed the American Com­ against the leaders of the Minneapolis Large-Format Pamphlets under military guard by the governor. munist Party. drivers and of the SWP under the Smith From Pathfinder Press More important than physical fearless­ In Minnesota, the debt-ridden farmers Act for "conspiracy to advocate the over­ ness is his moral nerve." and underpaid workers revolted against Produced in this format to keep prices down, throw of the United States government these pamphlets have pages, 8 1(2 X 11 inches, Historic Strike struggle the Republicans and Democrats to form by force and violence." containing 2 1/2 to 3 times as many words as the Farmer-Labor Party. In the 1920s, those of the average pamphlets. Ray is most widely known as the outstanding leader of the best-organized Ray became recording secretary of the Humphrey's role Minneapolis Mayor Hubert Hum­ Maoism in the U.S. strikes in the history of this country: Communist Party in Minneapolis and the semi-insurrection in 1934 that com­ secretary of the largest ward club in phrey's cops either looked the other A critical history of the Progressive Labor Party pletely broke the bosses' open-shop the Farmer-Labor Party, as well as way or escorted the army of thugs By Mary-Alice Waters 50 cents stranglehold on the workers of Minne­ a delegate to the Minneapolis Central that Tobin sent into beat the drivers into signing pledge cards for the AFL apolis and laid the basis for the massive Labor Union. Israel and the Arabs development of the Teamsters Union. After Lenin's death, a struggle un­ after they had voted massively to go Militant readers debate the Mideast conflict Walker observed that "his whole life folded in the Communist International CIO. 40 cents and character prepared him for the between the orthodox Marxists led by Ray Dunne, along with 17 of his union crisis of 1934." Trotsky and the growing forces of bu­ co-workers and comrades, were the first A Transitional Program for Black V. R. Dunne was born in Kansas City reaucratic degeneration represented by victims of the infamous Smith Act. In Liberation in 1889. His family moved to Little Stalin. In the United States, this came spite of a massive three-year defense campaign, these victims of the class By the Socialist Workers Party 25 cents Falls, Minn., soon afterwards. He had to a head in 1928. Ray supported the very little formal schooling. By age struggle led by James P. Cannon for war were to prison. Ray served 14 he had started to work as a lumber­ a revolutionary international. He was 16 months in the Sandstone, Minn., Revolutionary Analysis, Strategy and federal penitentiary. Tactics Today jack. In less than three years, he was expelled from the CP along with the riding a freight train on his way to rest of the small Trotskyist vanguard. He got out at the beginning of one of the biggest labor upsurges in the his­ By writers in The Militant and Young Socialist work at that occupation in Montana. An all-out campaign against the Trot­ 50 cents tory of this country, and he immedi­ Ray got a job with the Blackfoot skyists was launched by the Stalinist ately put his talents to good use. He Lumber Co. This operation was orga­ leadership of the American CP. Under The Chinese Revolution: Problems and worked with other revolutionary social­ nized by the Western Federation of fire from both the CP and the right Perspedives ists in the great strike struggles of the Miners, then in the Industrial Workers wing of the labor movement, Ray was By Leon Trotsky 50 cents CIO unions in 1945-1946. of the World. The objective of the IWW ostracized by his former comrades and Michigan's auto workers were the men was not only better wages and expelled from his union and from the heart of it, and Ray was in Detroit. PATHFINDER PRESS, INC. working conditions but a better society. Farmer-Labor Party. In the cold war and witchhunt of (formerly Merit Publishers) They maintained a clean, firm and free In the period of depression that fol­ the early 1950s, Ray worked as SWP 873 Broadway, New York City 10003 camp and promoted reading and dis­ lowed, it took a superhuman effort for cussion on the problems of the working the then tiny Trotskyist movement to (Continued on page 5) Friday, March 6, 1970 Page 5 THE MARXIST VIEWPOINT Why terrorism is false tactic

By PATRICIA IIYAMA finally decided by a process of rational vacuum, but in relation to the concrete Over the last week there has been debate, discussion and election. It is needs of the movement. In the words of a national outbreak of confrontation­ simple realism to assume that the rul­ Lenin, "To attempt to answer yes or no provoking tactics in demonstrations ing capitalis minority will resort to vio­ to the question whether any particular protesting the contempt-of-court sen­ lence to block social change. We predict means of struggle should be used, with­ tences and guilty verdicts of the Chi­ this on the basis of historical experi­ out making a detailed examination of cago 7 and their attorneys. These "The ence. The French Revolution, the Amer­ the concrete situation of the given move­ Day After" actions are characterized by ican Civil War, and the Russian Revo­ ment at the given stage of its develop­ "guerrilla" bands smashing windows lution all tell us that revolution is the ment, means completely to abandon the and throwing rocks in the business dis­ midwife of every new society in birth­ Marxist position." trict or at the courthouse, with some that the masses have had to thwart The relationship of forces in the pres­ arrests and injuries for both police and ruling-class violence to achieve their ent context of American society must demonstrators. revolutionary aims. be examined in order to understand the A few years ago, most of the radical We must discuss the question of vio­ role of violence. Violence in this society movement in this country functioned on lence, not in the abstract, in a historical is perpetrated by the people who con­ the assumption that reasonable change trol the institutions. Capitalist society is was possible legally within the system. built and defended with violence. In 1964, almost the entire left chose The vast majority of American peo­ Johnson as the "lesser of two evils" who ple, however, do not realize this. They would halt the war and the drift to the still believe that police are called in to right. When the YSA-SWP warned stop violence. They still believe that against Johnson, we were considered necessary change can be effected within "ultraleft sectarians." A decade ago, the existing institutions. Photo by Karl Bermann when the movement first faced the prob­ lem of vicious southern racism, they The task of revolutionaries is not, at Patricia liyama is the Califor­ did so as advocates of pacifism, ap­ this time, to organize guerrilla warfare nia Socialist Workers Party can­ pealing to the morality of men of good and prepare for the seizure of state pow­ didate for secretary of state. will to change society. When Malcolm er. Our task is rather to break the pow­ X advocated the right of self-defense er that bourgeois ideology has over the for Afro-Americans against the attacks majority of Americans. Our task is to of vicious racists, he was considered a isolate the ruling class politically by oughly reactionary role. Individual ter­ fanatic. developing the understanding among rorism provides the ruling class with a We have learned and changed a great all working people that change in this deal. The continuing reality of Vietnam, society is necessary and that they must "legitimate" cover to repress our move­ racism, police brutality, poverty and act together to bring about this change. ment. In addition, it lends credence to repression has laid bare these utopian Since we are still in a minority, our the ruling-class myth that it is those illusions. Radicals in the movement power lies in building our numbers and who want to change society who are have realized that, given the intransi­ our social base so that we become a responsible for violence. It is no acci­ gence of the rulers of this society, basic genuine mass movement. dent that the most common tactic of po­ change will come only when people During the last week in the California lice agents infiltrating the radical move­ have enough power to change the so­ Bay Area there have been two terror­ ment is to urge radicals on to terroristic ciety themselves. istic bombings of police stations in acts. They are well aware of the non­ The debate has shifted. We are no Berkeley and in San Francisco. In revolutionary consequences these acts longer debating pacifism and self-de­ Berkeley, at midnight, Feb. 12, three produce. fense. We all accept not only the right policemen were injured and 16 automo­ The basic question to be posed is: but the need for self-defense. But new biles were damaged by two time bombs. how does revolutionary change come currents favoring sabotage and sporad­ ESPOUSED MASS ACTION. about? Marxists argue that change Lenin was irreconcilable oppo­ On Feb. 16, a powerful time bomb ex­ ic terrorism as a revolutionary strategy ploded at a San Francisco police sta­ comes about not through the interven­ are now appearing in the radical move­ nent of individual terror and iso­ tion, injuring eight police officers, one tion of gods, great men or dedicated ment. The question we are now debat­ lated confrontations. On hearing of whom died two days later. grouplets, but through the intervention ing is what forms of struggle are appro­ of an attempt on a czarist official, Whether these actions were carried out into the historical process of the great priate at what moment as tools in the he reportedly responded that for by police agents, provocateurs, or ul­ masses of the people. Only through the process of transforming society. the cost of the bullet a hundred traleft adventurists, they are devoid of political understanding and revolution­ We are well aware that the ultimate leaflets could have been dis­ political content and independent of the ary action of the oppressed can society question of power and rule will not be tributed. mass struggles, and they play a thor- be transformed. Tactics must be subor­ dinated to and in harmony with our overall strategy. ... a lifelong revolutionary fighter This position distinguishes us clearly from those who argue that the McCar­ thys, the Kennedys or a revolutionary (Continued from page 4) sweeping the floor if it needed it, dump­ International. The Transitional Pro­ elite can change society. The propo­ organizer in Minneapolis. With reaction ing ash trays, washing up dirty coffee gram, the major programmatic docu­ nents of the "revolutionary deed" feel riding high, he helped maintain the cups. ment and contribution to Marxism of that the bombing of a building or the continuity of the revolutionary move­ Many a self-conscious worker or the Fourth International, was for­ breaking of a window by individuals ment, teaching and preparing the cadre housewife, finding himself or herself mulated by Trotsky in 1938 in Mex­ have inherent in them a revolutionary of the movement for a new upsurge among new and profound ideas, was ico. To a major extent, he worked this significance even when these actions are of militancy. As in his union work, he made to feel at home by Ray's quiet out in discussions with V. R. Dunne devoid of political content. The partici­ was meticulous in preparation for any courtesy. and James P. Cannon of the SWP. pation of the mass of people is seen as new opportunity. Ray made major contributions to the Active until end an unimportant detail. Very few new people came to radical development of the Fourth Interna­ Ray Dunne remained active in the There is a historical pattern in the meetings in this period. But Ray was tional. Leon Trotsky was one of the Twin Cities branch of the Socialist emergence and popularity of these a revolutionary optimist through and great military leaders of all time, a Workers Party almost up to his death. views. When students have radicalized through. He schooled the comrades to practical revolutionary, a great writer, He attended all public and internal meet­ ahead of the rest of society, they find be prepared to take advantage of any an outstanding orator. But he con­ ings and participated in discussions, their initial attempts to transform soci­ break that might develop. sidered his greatest accomplishment to helping to broaden and sharpen the po­ ety thwarted by the powerful forces con­ Radical regroupment be his work toward building the Fourth litical abilities of the members. fronting them. Frustrated by this initial The Khrushchev revelations at the He was tremendously enthusiastic impotence, some people give up the dif­ 20th Congress of the Communist Party about the youth radicalization and the ficult but necessary task of working to of the Soviet Union initiated a period growth and development of the Young build a movement that can change so­ of "regroupment" that opened the pre­ Socialist Alliance. The YSA'srecentcon­ ciety, and satisfy their individual egos. viously closed communications within vention in Minneapolis was a great They attempt to substitute their indi­ the radical movement. Suddenly there event for him. Although he had under­ vidual acts of nihilistic violence for was the opportunity for a symposium gone an extensive operation for can­ mass actions. of speakers of the various socialist po­ cer, he managed to gather enough Marxists categorically reject such con­ litical groupings, and Ray, as spokes­ strength to take in part of their conven­ ceptions. We do not conceive of our­ man for the SWP, was able to speak at tion and appear on the platform at a selves as an elite who can substitute for a meeting ten times larger than any massive public meeting. mass actions by the "shortcut" of sabo­ radical organization had been able to He enjoyed a few hours with his com­ tage. We consider ourselves rather as a hold in years. rades celebrating New Year's Eve. vanguard whose goal is to help develop The Cuban Revolution marked the In the days leading up to his death, the consciousness in the people of their beginning of a new youth radicaliza­ his interest in world developments and own self-interest (which is to change so­ tion. Ray listened attentively to what what his comrades were doing remained ciety). Our perspective is one of sus­ these young people had on their minds. keen. While cancer ate away his body, tained and often tedious effort to win the He explained what had been learned in Ray's great heart beat strongly, and majority of the American people to the similar situations in the past. He'd hand his mind remained sharp until the very revolution. Our tactics are based upon them a pamphlet and encourage them end. this long-range goal. It is only through to dig into some of the Marxist classics. His passing is grieved by a multi­ the revolutionary action of masses of He followed world developments tude of comrades and friends and his people-and not through sporadic, fu­ closely and would mark some magazine surv1vmg son and daughter, V. Ray­ tile acts of desperation and violence by articles for a given comrade. Around mond Dunne and Mrs. Jeanette Sun­ a few-that we can change the course the headquarters he set an example- deen. of history. Page 6 THE MILITANT Friday, March 6, 1970 N.Y. High School Bill of Rights fight

By DICK ROBERTS Pointing out that the city has suddenly stepped up its supposed "fight against NEW YORK-A coalition represent­ drugs," Reeves contended that "people ing the massive 27 5,000-strong high in the city don't have half the story yet" school student body of New York has and ''heroin is still as widely sold in the presented the board of education with high schools as ever." a nHigh School Bill of Rights" demand­ "The board of education meets prob­ ing greater freedom in the high schools lems with repression," he continued. "All and a bigger role for students in deter­ they have done is send in narcs dis­ mining all aspects of the educational guised as students." Reeves said the stu­ process. dent government had proved to be to­ The nHigh School Student Rights Co­ tally powerless and had not obtained alitionn includes the City General Orga­ a single demand. nization Council (the official citywide The culmination of its difficulties oc­ student government), the High School curred at a meeting Feb. 18 attended Student Mobilization Committee to End by over 200 representatives of all the the War in Vietnam, High School Mora­ 91 New York high schools and which torium, Afro-American Students Assoc., the board of education sought to con­ American Civil Liberties Union, New trol. The meeting had been called to Coalition (opposition caucus of the discuss the student Bill of Rights, which United Federation of Teachers), Third itself is a product of board intransi­ World Committee, Project Justice, Na­ gence. tional Conference of Christians and The board had put together a state­ Jews, and High School Women's Rights ment declaring the "Rights and Respon­ Coalition. AT HIGH SCHOOL COALITION PRESS CONFERENCE. (Left to sibilities of Senior High School Stu­ The importance attached to formation right): Mike Weisman, High School SMC; Don Reeves, high school dents," which actually does nothing but of this coalition can be judged by the General Organization City Council president; Ken Hagood, attorney set limitations on student rights. Typi­ news media coverage of the press con­ for high school students. cal is the clause, "In no way does [this ference Feb. 24 announcing presenta­ resolution] diminish the legal authority alition (HSSRC) represents an eruption without fear that the ideas expressed tion of the rights bill to the board of of the school and of the board of educa­ of the profound discontent of tens of will be recorded for future use against education. This was attended by all the tion to deal with disruptive students." thousands of students oppressed and them ... major newspaper, radio aQd TV sta­ The GO Council steering committee virtually imprisoned in New York's po­ enstudents shall have the right to tions. rejected the board resolution at a Feb. lice-occupied schools. It follows months wear buttons, armbands or other And at the same time, the board of 11 meeting and decided to draft its own of previously unorganized attempts to badges of symbolic expression.... to education and high school principals rights bill. At the same time, these stu­ improve the schools in dozens of areas choose their own dress, conduct and have launched a concerted effort to dis­ dent government leaders had been which desperately need improvement; personal appearance ... credit the coalition, to impugn its mem­ working more and more closely with and it culminates intensive discussion "Students may form political and bers and to prevent them from distri­ e New York High School Student Mo­ between leading student government social organizations, including those buting informational leaflets. bilization Committee and the Third representatives and activists in the anti­ that champion unpopular causes.... World Committee which have also been These neducators," according to the war and Third World movements. shall be free from discrimination on active in the campaign to win high Feb. 25 New York Times, described A glance at some of the Bill of Rights the basis of ethnic background, sex, school student rights as part of their the high school rights bill as "the work demands reveals the extent of oppres­ group membership, economic class, fight against the Vietnam war. of a small group of extremists and out­ sion in the schools: place of residence or any other personal It was natural for the GO Council to siders seeking to gain control of the e"Students shall have the right to factor .... invite SMCers to the Feb. 18 meeting­ high school system." distribute political leaflets, newspapers, e "Students and their parents shall but that is where the board's axe fell. It is far from the truth. The formation and other literature without prior au­ have the right to file complaints against At the meeting, every attempt was made of the High School Student Rights Co- thorization, without censorship, and school officials .... shall have the right to silence all but "official" student dele­ to security of their persons, papers, and gates. Faculty advisers busily supplied effects against arbitrary searches and their few student cronies with advice on Black students in Chicago seizures. procedural tricks to waylay the meeting. • :Students shall be free from the ille­ This produced the opposite. The Feb. gal use of police by school officials .... 18 meeting overwhelmingly endorsed demand high school rights e"All students shall have the right to the GO Council Bill of Rights. It also receive information on abortion and persuaded the GO Council leaders of the By GEOFF MIRELOWITZ would consider them, but no commit­ contraception.... the right to receive necessity of asserting their independence and MARCO GARCIA ment as to any implementation was information on drugs .... the right to from the board of education and form­ CHICAGO-During the last month made. draft counseling at their school . . ." ing a coalition with all groups seriously and a half a struggle has been building After a month characterized by many The launching of HSSRC was in a interested in fighting for high school at Kenwood High School here around meetings and much discussion, the de­ sense invited by the board of education rights. HSSRC was the result. the right of students to control their mands had still not been met or serious­ itself. It stems from the General Orga­ At the Feb. 24 press conference, Mike education. The fight is being led by ly discussed. On Feb. 19, the BSU orga­ nization Council, official student gov­ Weisman, a Stuyvesant High School the Black Student Union (the school nized a sit-in at the administration of­ ernment body that the board set up, spokesman for High School SMC, an·· is 65 percent Black) and has been fice which resulted in the police being supposedly to allow students to orga­ nounced that organization's full sup­ joined by many other students, both called in and the arrest of 25 students. nize and express their grievances. port for HSSRC. The struggle to legal­ Black and white. This attack was marked by a consid­ GO Council really did become a ize antiwar mobilizations in every high The issue was first raised in early erable amount of brutality, including sounding board for the scores of griev­ school would be a major demand, Weis­ January when, after a large student the beating of one BSU leader by six ances of high school students-but it man explained. HSSRC is presently meeting in the school lunchroom, a cops. Many students complained of un­ had no power and was firmly under using the New York SM C office as its manifesto of 15 demands was presented necessary force used in the arrests. the control of the board of education main headquarters. to the school administration. Included The following day a mass meeting and its GO Council faculty "advisors." The first major citywide intervention in these demands are a Black studies was held in the school gym. It started Seventeen-year-old Don Reeves, GO of the coalition was scheduled for Feb. program, an end to intimidation by po­ with most of the school's 1,300 students Council president, captain of the Music 26. The board of education had set lice (there are six in the school), an in attendance, and, while the size fluc­ and Art High School track team and that date for "hearings" on its proposed end to locker inspection, and student­ tuated during the day, at least 500 stu­ its citywide representative, explained the resolution of regulations. HSSRC plans faculty and community control of cur­ dents were there at any given time. At frustrated efforts of GO Council, using to turn this into a real hearing on what riculum. The administration said it the same time, a meeting of over 100 the example of drugs. high schools need and a public presen­ parents was taking place in another "It is little known," he said, "that stu­ tation of the Bill of Rights. A follow-up room in the school. This is indicative dents have been fighting against the mass meeting of HSSRC was set for of the large amount of community in­ sale of heroin in schools for two years." Feb. 28. Works by Ernest Mandel terest and support for the students' de­ mands. Marxist Economic Theory On Feb. 23, 85 students met and SPECIAL BLACK DWARF OFFER FOR AMERICAN READERS (2 volumes, cloth) $]5.00 decided to continue the struggle. The 50 Years of World Revolution: BS U representatives indicated that it is An International Symposium, willing to discuss the manifesto demands The Black Dwarf is the largest revolutionary paper in Britain, comes out edited with Introduction and with the administration but that if the once every fortnight and is becoming well-known throughout the world. To article by Ernest Mandel (cloth) $7.95 negotiations are not fruitful, further ac­ enable militants in North America to sample it we are providing a special Key Problems of the Transition tion will be taken. Also, it was empha­ service: Take a dollar bill, put it in an envelope and mail it to us imme­ from Capitalism to Socialism sized that central to the demands is the diately. You will receive the next three copies of The Black Dwarf by air (with George Novack) (paper) 75t right of the Black students, in coopera­ mail. On the Revolutionary Potential tion with the community, to determine of the Working Class (with the character of the courses and pro­ The Black Dwarf George Novack) (paper) 65c grams that grow out of the negotiations. 182 Pentonville Road, The Revolutionary Student London N. 1, England Movement: Theory and The current struggle at Kenwood Practice (paper) 65c High, raising the universal principle of the right of Blacks to self-determina­ Name tion, is not an isolated phenomenon. Street Zip erit It should be seen in the context City State 87.,.3s-ro .... ad.;;.wa-v~ ... ublishers of similar struggles by high school stu­ Occupation NewYork,N. Y.I0003 Telephone 673-4900 dents across the country. Friday, March 6, 1970 THE MILITANT Page 7 New York takes the lead Subscription scoreboard Militant sales drive off to fast start City quota new subs New York, N.Y. 1100 271 Hoboken, N.J. 30 7 By FLAX HERMES But others in New York are deter­ from Cleveland saying they wanted to Ann Arbor, Mich. 50 10 We're off and running with 673 sub­ mined not to let Howard get too far "bump" their quota. Was that good or Philadelphia, Pa. 325 63 scriptions to The Militant sold in the in the lead and have started .organiz­ bad? Evidently, it was good. They've Hamilton & Clinton, N.Y. 16 3 first week of the two-month drive for ing sales on campuses, selling on the decided to accept a quota of 350 subs Antioch College, Ohio .riO 7 Providence, R.I. so 13 7,500 new readers by April 15. The subway to work ... wherever possi­ -25 higher than what we'd proposed. Houston, Texas 100 16 enthusiastic response salesmen have ble. Bloomington, Indiana, has also in­ Madison, Wis. 200 21 gotten during the past week and at the creased its quota from 30 to 50 subs. Kent, Ohio 75 9 Feb. 14-15 SMC conference in Cleve­ We've also been getting a good re­ One letter we received did have a Son Francisco, Calif. 475 46 land makes us confident that our drive sponse to the subscription drive from rather indignant note in it. We weren't Atlanta, Ga. 225 20 will be a success. around the country. Militant support­ aware that a YSA local has just been Detroit, Mich. 350 29 Albany, N.Y. 25 2 New York has taken the lead na­ ers in Logan, Utah, El Paso, Texas and formed in Tacoma, Washington, and Bloomington, Ind. 50 4 tionally with 271 subscriptions sold Clinton and Hamilton, New York, have had left them off the scoreboard. The Newark, N.J. 75 6 during the first week. Howard S., top written in and asked that they be in­ letter read, "We, the members of the Kansas City, Ma. 60 4 sub seller in New York, is NY's Mili­ cluded on the subscription scoreboard. Young Socialist Alliance of Tacoma Cleveland, Ohio 350 21 tant sales director. He felt he had a A supporter in Portsmouth, New Community College, Tacoma, Wash­ Phoenix, Ariz. 75 4 responsibility to set the example for Hampshire, has already sold eight ington, demand the prompt placement Los Angeles, Coli!. 500 23 Baston, Mass. 350 16 the spring drive, and so far he's sold subs in the first week and thinks that of our local on the scoreboard of the Twin Cities, Minn. 325 14 over 50 subs. Howard says he's found he can sell at least another five or 10. Militant spring subscription drive. You Champaign, Ill. 25 1 it very easy to sell subscriptions to Word of the drive has even spread may place the goal at 25 new sub­ Ypsilanti, Mich. 25 1 The Militant becau:.e "everybody wants across the border. We just received scriptions." Right on! DeKalb, Ill. 100 3 to read about our ideas. You have to three subs from Guelph, Canada, with And if other Militant readers feel the St. Louis, Mo. 30 1 Berkeley, Calif. 375 be aggressive, though. And be sure to a note to expect more shortly. same way, just let us know. It's never 10 Binghamton, N.Y. 120 3 ask them if their friends want a sub, However, we were taken aback for too late to join in and help us go over Twin Ports, Minn. 40 1 too!" a moment when we received a call the top. Washington, D. C. 125 3 Austin, Texas 150 2 Seattle, Wash. 200 1 .....-Social issues key factor------. Chicago, Ill. 450 2 Columbus, Ohio 60 2 Boulder-Denver, Cola. 120 0 Son Diego, Calif. 100 0 Hayward, Calif. 75 0 The Newark teachers' strike Gainesville, Flo. 50 0 Lexington, Ky. 40 0 Mansfield, Pa. 40 0 Milwaukee, Wis. 40 0 By NAT LONDON and the total absence of education go­ had 1,300 of its 1, 700 students trans­ Lawrence, Kansas 30 0 NEWARK, N.J., March 24-Nearly ing on in the school system as a whole. ferred last year. Some students in Mill­ Paterson, N.J. 30 0 200 teachers, aides, clerks and sub­ The starting salary for regular teach­ er have been transferred to five differ­ Portland, Ore. 30 0 stitutes have been arrested, many hav­ Athens, Ohio 25 0 ers is $6,700 a year. But the board ent schools, although they have never Chapel Hill, N.C. ing been dragged off the picket lines 25 0 of education has stopped hiring reg­ moved. The turnover of teachers is Eastern Washington State 25 0 in handcuffs, as the teachers' strike ular teachers and has been replacing equally remarkable, with some classes Logan, Utah 25 0 here went into its fourth week. The them with permanent substitutes -at going through 12 regular teachers in Oxford, Ohio 25 0 first sentence against a union official $5,800 a year. Already nearly 15 per­ one year. There are classes in which Son Joaquin Valley, Calif. 25 0 has just been handed down-six cent of the city's teachers fall in this 25 percent of the students speak no Tacoma, Wash. 25 0 months in jail and a $500 fine. category. The union has demanded re­ El Paso, Texas 20 0 English and the teacher speaks no General On Feb. 13, some 1,400 strike sup­ moval of the permanent substitute cat­ 235 34 Spanish. Miller got its first Spanish­ TOTAL 7561 673 porters marched in downtown Newark egory with no loss of jobs. speaking teacher this year. Clearly, the to protest the first large-scale arrests, Full-time teachers' aides, who work board's only concern is to "keep the which occurred Feb. 11. The police the same hours as regular teachers, kids off the streets," and the teachers arbitrarily surrounded one corner receive the generous sum of $2,400 a are little more than low-paid prison where participants were just beginning year-considerably below the federal wardens. to disperse and arrested everyone for poverty standard. While the pay de­ The teachers' revolt first manifested to thousands of rank-and-file militants violating a court injunction by dem­ mands of regular teachers were pretty itself in the elections for bargaining and Black caucuses throughout the la­ onstrating in support of the strike. nearly met when the board came up agent last November. The previous bor movement. Within the Black com­ Despite the court order that makes with $8,000 a year the day before the bargaining agent was the Newark munity, it could have demonstrated it illegal for a teacher to express sup­ strike, to date the aides have only been Teachers Association, an affiliate of conclusively that sections of the labor port for the strike in any way-even offered an extra 25 cents an hour (still the National Education Association, a movement can serve as an ally of the to the point of outlawing peaceful and below the poverty line). large "professional" organization. But Black struggle. otherwise legal demonstrations- the Conditions in the schools are even last November, teachers in overwhelm­ The fact that this potential has not union ranks have remained determined worse than the wage levels. All the to continue the strike. ing numbers voted for the Newark been realized is mainly due to serious schools are overcrowded. Students are Teachers Union (NTU), an affiliate weaknesses in the orientation of the The city of Newark as a whole is transferred from one school to another suffering from the terminal stages of of the American Federation of Teach­ New Caucus leaders, the absence be­ for no apparent reason. The Miller ers (AFT). Simultaneous elections a­ fore the strike of a Black caucus, and a bad case of "urban leprosy": the en­ Street Elementary School, for instance, tire metropolitan area is just falling mong the clerks and the teachers' aides the absence of a rank-and-file New to pieces. As the first major city with showed similar results. Caucus. a majority Black population (now The vote of the teachers' aides was Although the New Caucus people ap­ about 60 percent Black and 10 ·per­ of particular significance, as they are parently had the upper hand on the cent Puerto Rican), Newark has been almost all residents of the Black and executive committee, there was a strong abandoned by the state legislature as Puerto Rican communities and there­ minority on the committee which was well as by its own city government. fore closely reflect the sentiment of the associated with Shanker. The result This is particularly true of the public Third World population. was a compromise, with a strike strat­ school system, which has a student The NTU executive committee was egy based wholly on trade-union sup­ population that is 82-percent Third not opposed to community control of port rather than on community as World. the schools-in modest doses, to be well as union support, and an attempt The roots of what has become a vir­ sure. Far from being subservient to to slip a few community-control de­ tual rebellion among the city's teach­ the racist Albert Shanker bureaucracy mands in under the table without open­ ers, teachers' aides, clerks and substi­ of the New York City United Feder­ ly proclaiming them. The end result tutes- all of whom are represented by ation of Teachers, the majority of the was nearly total defeat for the demands the Newark Teachers Union-lies in executive committee, including NTU of the New Caucus, which gradually the abominable working conditions President Carol Graves, are members lost more and more ground to the of the New Caucus, the national oppo­ Shanker forces as the strike unfolded. sition party within the AFT. The New No efforts were made to contact Now a Pamphlet! Caucus, and its New York affiliate, Black community leaders in develop­ the New Coalition, opposed Shanker's ing the contract demands. Nor were Revolutionary Strategy racist shutdowns last year and helped Black leaders involved in the negoti­ to keep the schools open. Everything ations. seemed ripe for a joint teacher-commu­ While it may be that there is little in the nity struggle against the board of ed­ that can now be done to alter the ucation and city hall around the ques­ course of the present strike, the union tion of community control of the militants are already drawing the les­ Imperialist Countries schools. sons for the future. These lessons in­ Such a struggle had the potential of clude the need for a Black caucus and winning a measure of real communi­ a rank-and-file New Caurus, for a By Ernest Mandel 35t ty control. By its example as a count­ public and open position by the NTU er to the racist teachers' walkout in in favor of community control of the THE SPEECH NIXON AND MITCHELL TRIED TO BAN New York last year, it could have im­ schools, and for a strategy based on measurably weakened the entire Shan­ Pathfinder Press an alliance with the Black community, KEY ISSUE. Control of schools ker bureaucracy on a national scale. from the stage of formulating demands (formerly Merit Publishers) is vital issue for Newark's Black Its impact could have reached into the to the actual process of negotiating 873 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003 community which union has not trade-union movement at large, bring­ these demands with the board of ed­ effectively related to. ing encouragement and new direction ucation. Page 8 THE MiliTANT Friday, March 6, 1970

A revolutionary holiday

60 years of struggle I nternationa I

By ELIZABETH BARNES emphasis of Black women must be to For sixty ~ears, militant women combat the exploitation of all Black around the world have observed March Double people. While it is true that male chau­ 8 as International Women's day, a day vinism has become institutionalized of solidarity with the worldwide strug­ in American society, one must always gle of women for liberation. look for the main enemy, the funda­ March 8 was first designated as an ieopardy: mental cause of the female condition. international women's holiday in 1910 Another major differentiation is that by a Congress of Socialist Women meet­ the white women's liberation movement ing in Copenhagen. It was socialist is basically middle class. Very few of women from the U.S. who initiated the to be these women suffer the extreme economic proposal for such a day, and Clara exploitation that most Black women Zetkin, the militant socialist leader from are subjected to day by day. This is the Germany, who urged that it be adopted. factor that is most crucial for us. It is It was not just by chance that Amer­ Black not intellectual persecution alone, and ican women took the lead in demanding it is not an emotional release for us; recognition of the struggles of women. it is quite real. We as Black women The first decade of this century was a must deal with the problems that the time of ferment in the U.S., a time when the first trade unions composed mainly and Black masses deal with, for our prob­ of women were formed and when the lems are the same. struggle for the right to vote was being But in attempting to analyze the situ­ intensified. Two years before the Copen­ ation of the Black woman in America one crashes abruptly into a solid wall hagen Congress, the American Socialist MARCH 8 female Party had resolved to fix a certain Sun­ of grave misconceptions, outright dis­ day of each year to be devoted to pro­ tortions of fact and defensive attitudes paganda for women's suffrage and gen­ By FRANCES M. BEAL on the part of many. The system of eral socialist education among women. With the rise of Stalinism in the late capitalism (and its afterbirth, racism) In 1909, when women's day was cele­ 1920s, much of the original progress (In celebrating International Wom­ under which we all live has attempted brated by Socialist Party organizations, made toward the emancipation of wom­ en's Day it is fitting to observe that by many devious ways and means to a mass meeting of 3,000 workers in en in the Soviet Union was undermined. just as all other aspects of today 's rev­ destroy the humanity of Black people. New York passed a resolution demand­ The observance of International Wom­ olutionary struggles are being interna­ To accomplish this, a situation was ing the right of women to the vote. en's Day, however, has been main­ tionalized, so is the rising movement created in which the Black man was Responding to the call by the Copen­ tained. Today, in the Soviet Union and for women's liberation. Part of that unable to find meaningful or produc­ hagen Congress, the first International other workers' states International internationalization is reflected in the tive employment, if indeed he was able Women's Day was celebrated in Ger­ Women's Day is one of the central offi­ development of the women's movement to find work of any kind. And the Black many in 1911 with mass demonstra­ cial holidays, although it is celebrated in U.S. Black and Third World com­ woman was also manipulated, econom­ tions and meetings. Clara Zetkin was rather ritualistically as a day for hon­ munities. ically exploited and physically assault­ again in the forefront of the activity, oring women rather than as a day of ed by the system. Although she was declaring that the fight for women's rededication to the struggle against the The analysis of the Black woman's allowed to work in the white man's rights was part of the struggle against oppression of women. role and stake in that struggle presented capitalist oppression. The Cuban revolution has helped to here is reprinted from the Fall 1969 kitchen, the fact that she was sometimes In 1914, International Women's Day revive the tradition of International issue of New Generation. Frances Beal the sole breadwinner in her family led in Germany again saw demonstrations, Women's Day in the true spirit of the is national coordinator of the Black to many psychological problems affect­ this time directed against World War I early socialist fighters. On March 8, Women's Liberation Committee of ing both men and women and has con­ and in protest against the arrest of meetings are held in Cuba to express SNCC.) tributed to the turmoil that we now find the great revolutionary socialist leader, solidarity with the international strug­ in the Black family structure. Rosa Luxemburg. gles of women, most importantly, the Much has been written recently about For a long time neither the Black In 1917, International Women's Day struggles of the Vietnamese women. the white women's liberation movement man nor the Black woman understood in Russia (Feb. 23 by the tzarist calen­ The fact that women in the United in the United States and the question the true nature of the forces working dar) was observed in the most fitting States are beginning, once again, to arises whether there are any parallels upon them. Many Black women, for and dramatic way possible. Women take recognition of International Wom­ between this sb:uggle and the movement example, accepted the prevailing evalu­ textile workers rose up spontaneously en's Day is a reflection of the depth of on the part of Black women for total ation of manhood and womanhood on that day and sparked a strike wave the resurgence of revolutionary forces emancipation. While certain compari­ that characterized Black men as shift­ which ended with the February revolu­ on .a world scale and the growing role sons can be made, simply because we less and lazy if they didn't get a job tion and the overthrow of the tzar. of women in these struggles. Women are both live under the same exploitative and support their families as they After the :Russian revolution, the in the front ranks of the revolutionary system, there are certain differences, "ought" to. Personal relationships be­ USSR initiated' the spread of the cele­ fighters, not only in Vietnam, but in some of which are quite basic. tween Black men and women were thus bration of International Women's Day Palestine, Cuba, France, Angola and The white women's movement is far torn asunder, and one result has been to countries around the world. elsewhere. from being monolithic. Any white group the separation of husband from wife, On International Women's Day in The concept of international solidar­ parent from child, man from woman. 1921, Lenin wrote in Pravda thatcount­ ity of women is now more meanigful that does not have an anti-imperialist America has defined manhood in less meetings of working women in all than ever. With the rise of the women's and antiracist ideology has absolutely countries of the world would send greet­ liberation movement in this country, nothing in common with the Black terms of a good job, a good salary and ings to the revolutionaries in the Soviet which is unprecedented in its forthright women's struggle. In fact, some groups plenty of expensive material posses­ Union, solidarizing themselves with the struggle against all aspects of the op­ come to the incorrect conclusion that sions. Anyone who doesn't meet these first giant steps taken by the revolution pression of women, the international their oppression is due simply to male "standards" is considered less than a toward the emancipation of women. fight of women to liberate themselves chauvinism, and therefore there is an man. The adverti!;ing media continu­ is beginning to be seen in all its impor­ extremely antimale tone to their disser­ ously inform the American male of his tance as a central part of the fight for tations. Black people are engaged in a need for indispensable signs of his viril­ Merit Pamphlets socialism. life-and-death struggle and the main ity-the brand of cigarettes that cow-

WOMEN & THE CUBAN REVOLUTION Speedles ,, riCiel Castro N.Y. women organizing mass march Arfides •r linda Jenness NEW YORK- Women's liberation of the National Organization for Wom­ The New York women's liberation ~ groups throughout the entire East Coast en (NOW). movement has undertaken a series of area are helping to build the first mass The demonstration is also being spon­ activities to publicize and insure the PIONEERS Of WOMEN'S LIBERATION demonstration on abortion in the his­ sored by Women's Abortion Project, the success of the demonstration. One of tory of the United States to be held 350 plaintiffs in a suit to have the New the most important will be a March 2 By Joyce Cowley 25f here Mar. 2 8. The central demand of York State abortion law declared un­ planning meeting to be held at 8 p.m. the mass march and rally, organized constitutional. One of the purposes of at St. Peter's Episcopal Church, 346 PROBLEMS Of WOMEN'S LIBERA 11011 by People to Abolish Abortion Laws, the demonstration is to show through W. 20th St. will be for free abortion on demand. mass action the extent of the support A great deal remains to be done. Any­ lly Erelyn Reed 95f It is expected to be very big and to for this suit. one able to do leafleting and other work draw participants from as far away as There are signs that the action is on the demonstration should contact REVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS Washington, D. C. catching on outside New York City. People to Abolish Abortion Laws, 135 Of Although the demonstration has spon­ Not only are a growing number of West 4th St., N.Y., N.Y. 10012 Tel: sors from all over the East Coast (and women's groups becoming sponsors; 212-254-4488. WOMEN'S LIBERATION even in Louisiana!), the hub of activity Terry Hillman, coordinator of the New in building it is in New York City. York State young socialist campaign by George Novad 25C Around 45 women's liberation groups committees, reports that on a recent in New York City are helping organize campaign tour through Upstate New Pathfinder Press the action. These include, among others, York several of the women's groups she (formerly Merit Publishers} college and high school groups, as talked with agreed to make building 873 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003 well as citywide organizations like Red for the action the central focus of their Stockings, and the New York chapter activity this spring. Friday, March 6, 1970 THE MILITANT Page 9 Women's Day

boys prefer, the whiskey that has a was subjected to such abject oppression, masculine tang, the jockstrap that ath­ the Black woman was left with no pro­ letes wear. America has also defined tector and was used- and is still being womanhood. The ideal for a woman used, in some cases- as the scapegoat is to be surrounded by hypocritical for the evils that this horrendous sys­ homage, to be estranged from all real tem has perpetrated on Black men. work, to spend idle hours primping It is true that our husbands, fathers, and preening, to be obsessed with con­ brothers and sons have been emascu­ spicuous consumption and to limit her lated, lynched and brutalized. They functions to a sex role. have suffered from the cruelest assault The Black Women's Liberation Com­ on mankind that the world has ever mittee unconditionally rejects these re­ known. However, it is a gross distor­ spective models. A woman who stays tion of fact to state that Black women at home caring for her children and have oppressed Black men. The system house has an extremely limited life. found it expedient to enslave and op­ boys in and around New Delhi have have them, and th1s right must not be She exists only as a satellite to her press them and did so without consult­ received vasectomies, an operation that relinquished by anyone. mate. He goes out into society and ing or signing any agreements with takes only six or seven minutes and is The new world we are attempting to brings back a little piece of the world Black women. relatively simple. The sterilization of a create must destroy every kind of op­ to her, and his interests and his under­ At the same time, Black women were woman involves a major operation, a pression. The value of this new system standing of the world become her own. not only reduced to a state of enslave­ salpingectomy, and must be performed will be determined by the status of the She is unable to develop as an indi­ ment, but they often served as a scape­ in a hospital under general anesthesia. person who was low man on the totem vidual because she has been reduced goat for the evils of this system in much This method of ''birth control" is com­ pole. If the Black woman has to re­ to fulfilling only a biological function. the same way that the poor white crack­ monly practiced in Puerto Rico, which treat to the position she occupied before Furthermore, it is idle dreaming to er in the South, who is equally victim­ has long been used by the United States the struggle, the whole movement and think of Black women simply caring ized, looks down upon Blacks and con­ as an experimental laboratory formed­ the whole struggle will have retreated tributes to their oppression. Through for their homes and children like the ical research before allowing certain in terms of truly freeing the colonized giving men a false feeling of masculine middle-class white model. Most Black practices to be used here. population. women have to work to help feed, house superiority, the oppression of women is When the birth-control pill was first Black liberation means changing the and clothe their families. Black women used as an escape valve for capitalism. being perfected, it was tried on Puerto traditional routines that we have estab­ make up a substantial percentage of Men may be cruelly exploited and sub­ Rican women and selected poor Black lished as a result of living in a totally the Black working force, and this is jected to all sorts of dehumanizing tac­ women to evaluate its effect and efficien­ corrupting society. It means changing true for the poorest Black family as tics but they still have someone who is cy. The salpingectomy has now become how we relate to our wives, husbands, well as the so-called middle-class family. below them-women. the most common operation in Puerto parents, children and coworkers. If we Black women have never been able Women also present a surplus labor Rico, and is so widely performed that are going to liberate ourselves as a to afford phony middle-class luxuries. supply, the control of which is abso­ it is referred to simply as "la operacion." people, we must recognize that Black Though we have been browbeaten with lutely necessary to the profitable func­ On the island, 20 percent of the women women have very specific problems that the white middle-class image of woman­ tioning of capitalism. They are system­ between the ages of 15 and 45 have al­ have to be spoken to. Black women hood, the reality of the degrading and atically exploited by being paid less for ready been sterilized. must be liberated along with the rest of dehumanizing jobs we were forced to doing the same work that men do or And now this method is being used the population. We cannot wait to start take quickly dissipated any dreams of by being relegated to low-paying jobs in the United States. Sterilization clin­ working on these problems until that achieving this mirage. where there is no possibility of advance­ ics are cropping up more and more great day in the future when the revolu­ Unfortunately, there seems to be some ment. around the country in Black and Puerto tion somehow, miraculously, is accom­ confusion in the movement today as to Industries employing mainly Black Rican communities in the guise of "ma­ plished. who has been oppressing whom. Since women are the most exploitative in the ternity clinics." A number of organiza­ Black women are not resentful of the the advent of Black power, the Black country. Domestic and hospital workers tions have been formed to popularize Black man's rise to power. We welcome male has exerted a more prominent are prime objects of this oppression, as the idea of sterilization, including the it. We see in it the eventual liberation of leadership role in our struggle for jus­ are the garment workers in New York Association for Voluntary Sterilization all Black people. Nevertheless, we do tice in this country. He sees the system City. The leadership of the Internation­ and the Human Betterment Association not believe that in order for the Black for what it really is for the most part al Ladies Garment Workers Union, for Voluntary Sterilization, Inc., which man to be strong the Black woman has and rejects many of its values and whose predominately female member­ has its headquarters in New York City. to be weak. Those who are asserting mores, but when it comes to women, ship is overwhelmingly Black and Puer­ Front Royal, Virginia, has such a ma­ their "manhood" by telling Black wom­ he seems to take his guidelines from to Rican, is nearly all white and male, ternity clinic in Warren Memorial Hos­ en to step back into a domestic, sub­ the pages of Ladies' Home Journal. and it has completely sold its soul to pital and the tactics used to pressure missive role are assuming a counter­ Certain Black men mamtain that they the corporate structure. To add insult poor, helpless Black mothers and revolutionary position. Black women have been castrated by a white society to injury, not only does this bought-off young girls into undergoing steriliza­ have also been abused by the system, but that Black women somehow not leadership contribute to our continued tion are certainly not confined to that and we must all be concerned about only escaped persecution but even con­ exploitation in this country by not truly clinic alone. eliminating all kinds of oppression. If tributed to their emasculation. representing the best interests of its Some Black women on welfare have we want to build a strong nation and The Black woman in America can membership, but it has invested heavily been forced to accept sterilization in remove the bonds of oppression, then justly be described as a "slave of a in business enterprises in racist, apart­ exchange for a continuation of welfare we must have the total involvement of slave." When the Black man in America heid South Africa- with union funds. benefits. A major hospital in New York every man, woman and child. The entire labor movement in the City performs these operations when­ We live in a highly industrialized so­ United States has suffered as a result ever it can convince female ward pa­ ciety and every member of the Black Women's teach-in of the superexploitation of Black work­ tients that it's in their ''best interest." nation must be as academically and ers and women. The unions have his­ Mississippi and some other southern technologically developed as possible. torically been racist and chauvinistic. states are so notorious for their use of To wage a revolution, we need compe­ slated in Boston They have upheld racism in this coun­ these sterilization techniques that Black tent teachers, doctors, nurses, electron­ try, have not fought the white-skin priv­ women are often afraid to permit even ics experts, chemists, biologists, physi­ BOSTON-An International ileges of white workers, and have not necessary surgery because they know cists, political scientists. Black women Women's Day Teach-in will be even made an issue of the inequities in from bitter experience that they are who limit themselves to sitting at home held the weekend of March the hiring and pay of women workers. more likely than not to come out of reading bedtime stories to their children 6-7. The conference, which is I have briefly discussed the economic the hospital without their insides. (Both are just not going to make it. We need sponsored by Women's His­ and psychological manipulation of salpingectomies and hysterectomies are our whole army out there dealing with tory Group, Women's Libera­ Black women, but perhaps the most performed.) the enemy, not half an army. tion, will be held at MIT, Rm. outlandish act of oppression in mod­ The rigid laws concerning abortions All the resources that the Black com­ 1-390, and will begin at 8:00 ern times is the current campaign to in this country are another vicious munity can muster up must be chan­ p.m., March 6, with a talk on promote sterilization of nonwhite wom­ means of subjugation and, indirectly, neled into the struggle. Black women .. How Women Lost Control of en in an attempt to maintain the popu­ of outright murder. Rich white women must take an active part in bringing Their Destiny and How They lation and power imbalance between somehow manage to obtain these oper­ about the kind of society where our Can Regain It" by Evelyn the white haves and the nonwhite have­ ations with little or no difficulty; it is children, our loved ones and each citi­ Reed, .Marxist anthropologist nots. the poor Black and Puerto Rican wom­ zen can grow up and live as decent and writer on women's libera­ It has recently come to our attention en who are at the mercy of local butch­ human beings, free from the pressures ion. that a massive campaign for so-called ers. Statistics show us that the nonwhite of racism and exploitation. A panel discussion for wom­ birth control is presently being pro­ death rate at the hands of unqualified en only will take place. at 10:45 moted not only io the underdeveloped abortionists is substantially higher than a.m. with participants from nonwhite areas of the world, but also for white women. Nearly half of the in Black communities here in the United child-bearing deaths in New York City Bound volume 1969 Mothers for Adequate Welfare, States. However, what the authorities in are attributed to abortion alone, and Boston Women United, Fe­ charge of these programs refer to as out of these 79 percent are among non­ male Liberation, SWJ:>, NOW, birth control is in fact nothing but a white and Puerto Rican women. THE MILITANT Bread and Roses, and YSA. method of outright genocide. We are not saying that Black women Workshops and sem.inars will The United States has been support­ should not practice birth control. Black $10 follow. ing sterilization clinics sponsored by the women have the right and responsibil­ For information on the Send check or money order to governments of various nonwhite coun­ ity to determine when it is in their best The Militant, 873 Broadway, teach-in, call 254-6498. tri-es, especially in India, where already personal interest and in the interest of New York N.Y. 10003 some three million young men and the struggle to have children or not to Page 10 THE MILITANT Friday, March 6, 1970 Conspiracy verdict Ariz. socialist professor evokes wide protest target of continuing attack

MajoritY: defend his academic freedoms Poll shows support for Starsky By CLARA AUGUST Miss Broadfoot maintained that "an individual is supposed to be If tht:: pro~essional fate of Prof. Morris Stars~ hin~ed on the opinions ~~t~~~e~ ~~:t 0~~e :~~leaf~~~~~n.i~ .aiss 'fte~~~s t!:~~:~!;'l S~i~f::~i of Umverstty stud~ts and fa_culty membe~ m_terv1ewed yesterday at and has differing political views'?" random, he ~o-uld continue ~each1~g at the ~m~ers1ty. A junior fine arts major, Rob Vacek, said, "I'm opposed to the con- The maJority of those mtervte:OV~ _mat~tam~ t!tat. Sf:arsk:y, contro- servative way the school is run. Starsk:y has a lot of good points. Perhap versial philosphy professor, was JUStified m hiS disl!nssmg class !ast even more liberal views than his are presented by other professors. r Jan. 14 to attend a UofA prote!'t --~lv. The rally was m protest of eight Starsk:y is on the side of the students, and he's doing a good job sta students ::.~· ~e whP -~tint:J at a UofA-BYU basketball up for what he believes in." garn<> iuninr ·

From Arizona State U State Press

By JAMES T. ROWLAND With the latest move by the regents, PHOENIX, Ariz.- The fight to defend a permanent Faculty-Community Com­ the rights of Morris Starsky, the so­ mittee to Defend Academic Freedom cialist and antiwar professor at Ari­ at AS U has been formed. Honorary zona State University who has been cochairmen of the committee are Pro­ under attack by conservative legisla­ fessor Roger Murray and Mrs. Sherri tors, is continuing here. Finkbine. An executive committee has An original victory was won in the been elected consisting of Professor case when the Arizona State Univer­ Thomas F. Hoult, chairman; Professor sity board of regents refused to fire Marcus Whiffen, treasurer; Mrs. Lor­ Starsky and designated an ad hoc fac­ raine Whaler, secretary; Professor Photo by David FentonjLNS ulty committee to investigate the Roger Murray; Steve Strnad; and Jerry Rubin, Abbie Hoffman and Rennie Davis charges against him. The decision of David Murphy. A parallel student de­ this committee was that there was in­ fense committee has been established. sufficient evidence to even warrant a Everyone who is committed to the By JOHN STUDER The demonstration was lively and dismissal hearing. fundamental principles of democracy CHICAGO, Feb. 25 - Over 7,000 militant, punctuating the speeches with On Feb. 21, however, after hearing is urged to help bear the financial costs of the defense campaign. Con­ demonstrated in defense of the Conspir­ frequent chants and shouts of approval. the verdict of the committee, the re­ gents did an about-face and decided tributions and letters of support should acy victims at the federal building here The action was addressed by Nancy to demand a dismissal hearing regard­ be sent to Professor Marcus Whiffen, today. Following the rally, the dem­ Rubin, wife of the defendant Jerry Ru­ less. Commenting on this latest turn College of Architecture, ASU, Tempe, onstrators moved to the Cook County bin, Phil Ochs, Jesse Jackson of Opera­ in the case, Professor Starsky pointed Arizona 85251. Letters of protest jail where the defendants are being held, tion Breadbasket and SCLC, and Bobby out, "The situation is rather like that should be sent to President Harry K. to express their solidarity. Rush of the Illinois Black Panther Par­ of someone who is cleared by a grand Newburn, Arizona State University, The demonstration, built on only five ty. It ended with the reading of a mes­ jury investigation but ordered to stand Tempe, Arizona 85251. days' notice by the Conspiracy, the sage sent by the seven Conspiracy de­ trial anyway." Chicago Peace Council and the Student fendants from the Cook County jail. Starsky believes that the motivation Mobilization Committee, was larger than for the full dismissal hearing lies in the desire of the regents to create a expected and spilled over into Jackson witch-hunt atmosphere at Arizona Abortion repea I Blvd., stopping traffic and giving an NEW YORK- Five thousand peo­ State. "I am convinced that the regents indication of the tremendous support ple marched from Bryant Park to Madi­ intend to use the formal hearings in for the defendants and the outrage at son Square Park here Feb. 23 to pro­ the same way they used the ad hoc forces organize the trial that exist here. test the conviction and sentencing of committee," he said. "They will ignore the Chicago 7 and their lawyers. At il Hearings are merely warnings to the rally in Madison Square Park, some other professors of the consequences 3,000 demonstrators heard William they face if they engage in radical Mich. meeting Cleveland forum Kunstler, the defense lawyer whom political action or any action that the Judge Julius Hoffman sentenced to four regents do not approve." Last month a temporary committee years in prison for"contempt," and Anita was established to defend Professor DETROIT-A press conference was hears lecture by Hoffman and Betty Dellinger, the wives Starsky. The response to requests for held at the city morgue Feb. 9 to an­ of Abbie Hoffman and Dave Dellinger. sponsors and letters of protest to the nounce the support of Dr. John Burton, The demonstration was organized by regents was enthusiastic. A recent came Wayne County medical examiner, for the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade pus poll by the student newspaper the repeal of abortion laws in Michigan. Betty Frieden Committee on very short notice, and shows that Starksy has the support of The Michigan Organization for the Re­ the turnout was much larger than anti­ a majority of students. peal of Abortion Laws (MORAL) also cipated. The massive protest action was announced plans to hold a statewide By MARCIA SWEETENHAM completely orderly and peaceful, thanks CLEVELAND- Betty Friedan, au­ conference on March 7 to discuss the to the seriousness and understanding abolition of the abortion laws. thor of The Feminine Mystique and of the vast majority of the participants Conference, march Jacqueline Rice, SWP candidate in the founder and president of the National and to the skillful and conscientious work first congressional district and a mem­ Organization for Women (NOW), ad­ o~ the well-organized Parade Committee ber of MORAL, said at the conference, dressed 120 people at the opening marshals' corps. After the demonstra­ "The right of women to control their meeting of the Debs Hall Forum in to mark Women's tion had dispersed, a few windows were own bodies is beyond question. We call Cleveland. The forum was the first broken some blocks away from the on all women to support and join in public meeting in the new headquar­ park, and the cops arrested three peo­ this struggle and demand that our legis­ ters of the Socialist Workers Party at ple. Day in Minneapolis lators immediately wipe these unconsti­ 2921 Prospect Ave. tutional laws off the books." Mrs. Friedan stressed the need for MINNEAPOLIS -The International Dr. Burton explained how many women to engage in political ~ction SEATTLE - A demonstration of Women's Day Committee, a coalition bodies of dead women come into the around the economic and social op­ more than 2,000 people in protest of of Twin Cities women's liberation morgue every year mutilated by self­ pression of women as opposed to meet­ the Chicago "conspiracy" trial was held groups, is planning a full day of actions induced or butchered abortions: "These ing in living-room soul sessions. at the federal courthouse here Feb. 17. on Sat., March 7, including a morning bodies are an abomination. These poor The meeting drew participants from The size of the protest was an indication conference, afternoon mass march and women, who neither desire nor want Cleveland women's liberation groups, of the broad support of the Chicago de­ evening celebration of International children, are forced to kill themselves including Women's Liberation, Women fendants in Seattle and the widespread Women's Day. in an attempt to rid themselves of un­ wanted children. As an individual, I Speak Out, and women from the Kent understanding of the frame-up nature At the conference, speakers from a support MORAL, but as Wayne County State University women's liberation of the trial. number of groups will present their medical advisor, I can clearly see the movement. Ultraleft tactics of some rock-throw­ views on women's liberation. Then the It was one of the largest Cleveland necessity for changing the abortion ing demonstrators, however, provided conferees and others will assemble and gatherings so far to discuss the wom­ laws." the police with an excuse to move in march through downtown Minneapolis, en's liberation movement. Mrs. Frie­ MORAL will attempt to change the and break up the demonstration, ar­ stopping briefly at the state employment dan was also interviewed on the Al­ abortion laws through the legislative resting and beating demonstrators and office and the welfare office. While the len Douglas television show. An inter­ >process, instead of the courts. Lillian bystanders. Eighty people were arrested demands raised will represent the whole view with a Plain Dealer reporter re­ Lehrman, chairman said: "We feel this on charges ranging from failing to dis­ spectrum of women's liberation, the em­ sulted in a full-page article on women's is the most expedient manner in which perse to assault. phasis will be on the economic oppres­ liberation. A tape of her forum talk our goals can be accomplished." sion of women in this society. will be played in full on WCLV-FM The statewide conference is expected The evening celebration of Interna­ (95.5 MC),a local radio station. to attract hundreds of women. It will A reported thousand students at MIT tional Women's Day will include films, take place at Wayne State University, picketed Feb. 24 to protest the presence skits, a bazaar, literature booths, food after which a delegation of women will HAVE YOU MOVED? H so of Hubert Humphrey and to protest the and music. bus up to Lansing and demand that the please notify our business of­ railroading of the Chicago conspiracy The morning conference and the march legislators take the laws off the books. fice of your new address. Please victims. Several hundred members of are for women, but everyone is welcome For information or contributions include zip code number and the audience rose when Humphrey to the evening celebration. For more in­ write: Women's Liberation (attn: your old address. spoke and, pointing their fingers, de­ formation, call the Minneapolis women's MORAL), 5705 Woodward, Detroit, clared him "guilty." liberation office at 378-1183. Mich. 48202. Friday, March 6, 1970 THE MILITANT Page 11

Massachusetts election campaign Cameio to challenge Kennedy

ByDAVEWULP Third World and women's liberation October Moratorium of 100,000. A BOSTON, Feb. 25- The Massa­ movements. gifted, dynamic popularizer of socialist chusetts Socialist Workers Party an­ The Camejo campaign will provide ideas, Camejo is invariably one of the nounced today that SWP leader Peter a rallying point and a political alterna­ best received speakers at mass meetings Camejo will be running against Ed­ tive for thousands of young people and rallies. ward Kennedy in the coming election who are beginning to reject the politics All of the SWP candidates in this for U. S. senator. Joining Camejo on of liberal capitalism. Since he became election campaign are young. All of the SWP campaign ticket will be Mike a socialist over ten years ago, Peter them are builders of mass movements Kelly for governor and Toba Leah Camejo has consistently struggled for for social change and their campaigns Singer for attorney general. just those things which Kennedy and will focus on winning new support for Camejo, a nationally-known antiwar, other politicians of his ilk most oppose. these movements - for the struggle Third World and student leader, will A Venezuelan-American, Camejo against the war, for the Third World be challenging the whole political ap­ has been in the forefront of the de­ and women's liberation struggles. proach of liberalism as typified by fense of Latin-American revolutionary The SWP candidates believe that Kennedy. He plans to take on Kennedy struggles. Since his first trip to Cuba electoral action should be a continua­ on every important issue, challenging in 1960, he has concentrated much of tion of mass struggles and not a choice him to debates, exposing his basic op­ his time writing and speaking in sup­ of the ''lesser evil" of capitalist candi­ position to the mass antiwar, Black, port of the Cuban revolution. When dates. They see election campaigns Edward Kennedy's older brother was as an important vehicle for showing bringing the world to the brink of nu­ how the various movements of strug­ clear war in the 1962 Cuban missile gle are related as part of the general crisis, Camejo was touring the country struggle against a rotten social system. speaking on behalf of the Cuban revo­ Peter Camejo lution. Toba Leah Singer has been an ac­ A founding member of the Young tivist in the antiwar and women's liber­ mittees on campuses in the Boston Socialist Alliance in 1960, Camejo has ation movements in the Boston area area. After first becoming radicalized given leadership to developing free and has written articles on women's by Third World and antiwar struggles speech, civil rights, Third World, anti­ liberation for the B. U. (Boston Univer­ several years ago, Kelly joined the war and student movements for the sity) Nf?Ws and The Militant. An im­ SDS at Northeastern University and past ten years. He recently won ac­ portant focus of her campaign will be began editing the campus under­ quittal of charges of conspiracy for his the fight against the medieval Massa­ ground newspaper. The lack of a co­ participation in a struggle at Berkeley chusetts "Crimes Against Chastity" laws herent program in SDS lead him to to allow Eldridge Cleaver to teach for which make it illegal to circulate birth join the Young Socialist Alliance, and credit on campus. control information and devices. later the Socialist Workers Party. This fall he played a key role in All of those interested in helping to building the Boston area Student Mo­ Mike Kelly has been active as an or­ build the Camejo, Singer and Kelly bilization Committee and the Boston ganizer of Student Mobilization Com- campaigns should contact the Boston Socialist Workers Party campaign headquarters at 295 Huntington Ave., Room 307 (tel 536-6981). Throughout the campaign the headquarters will be Chicagoans press fight open from 11 to 6. 2,500 pickets Edward Kennedy against right-wing thugs

CHICAGO - A joint delegation of (DATA) on Feb. 24 presented the state's greet Agnew representatives of the Independent Vot­ attorney with a demand for felony ers of Illinois (Illinois Americans for charges to placed against Thomas Kev­ CALENDAR Democratic Action) and the Committee in Stewart. in Twin Cities for Defense Against Terrorist Attacks Stewart, who has been identified as a participant in the Nov. 1, 1969, Le­ AnANTA By NANCY STREBE WOMEN'S STRUGGLE FOR LIBERAnON TODAY. gion of Justice raid on the Chicago SWP Candidate for U. S. Senator Second of two-port series on women's liberation. Speak· Students at SIU YSA-SWP headquarters, was originally er: Linda Jenness, socialist candidate far governor of mis-charged with a misdemeanor (pos­ ST. PAUL- Spiro T. Agnew drew in Georgia. Fri., March 6, 8 p.m. 1176 1/2 West Peacl>­ session of stolen materials) in place of $850,000 for the Republican Party here tree (at 14th St.). Ausp: Militant Bookstore. mount protest on the more heavily penalized felony Feb. 20, but he also drew out 2,500 • charge of forceful robbery which he angry people in five degree weather in BOSTON deserved. the most militant, spirited antiwar dem­ HOW WOMEN LOST CONTROL OF THEIR DE5nNY Vietnam center The state's attorney's office subse­ onstration yet held in Minnesota. AND HOW THEY CAN REGAIN IT. Speaker: Evelyn quently claimed that the switching of The picket line began at about 7 p.m. Reed, Marxist anthropologist and author of Myth of By SALM KOLIS charges was a mistake, but was stead­ at the St. Paul Auditorium where Agnew Women's Inferiority. Fri., March 6, 8 p.m. Massach~>o CARBONDALE, Ill. - More than fast in its refusal to file the correct was scheduled to speak to a $100-a­ sells Institute of Technology, Rm. 1-390. Ausp: Wom­ 3,000 people- some from as far away charge. However, faced with growing plate Republican fund-raising event. As en's History Group, Women's Liberation. as Washington, D. C., and New York public pressure as indicated by the dele­ the number of picketers grew, the line • -marched here Feb. 21 to protest the gation, Gene Willin, state's attorney rep­ briefly encircled the block-long building LOS ANGELES Vietnamese Studies Center at Southern resentative, finally agreed Feb. 24 to several deep, then amassed at the front JAMES P. CANNON 80TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRA­ Illinois University. The Center is head­ file the felony charge when Stewart entrance. Since there were too many nON. Banquet and speakers, featuring Joseph Hansen, ed by Wesley Fischel, the notorious im­ comes to trial Mar. 19. people for the sidewalks, the street was editor of Intercontinental Press and former secretory perial "scholar" who ran a similar in­ At a news conference Feb. 23 called soon filled and chants of "End the War to leon Trotsky. Sat., March 21. Refreshments at6, ban­ stitute at Michigan State University, in Vietnam- Bring the Troops Home quet at 7, program at 8:30 p.m. Contrib:$5, students where many of South Vietnamese dic­ by the Committee for Defense Against Terrorist Attacks to announce the fol­ Now!", "One, Two, Three, Four- Stop $3. Ausp: Socialist Workers Party and Young Socialist tator Ngo Dinh Diem's administrators This Damn War!", "Peace Now!" and Alliance. lowing day's action, statements were and torturers were trained. others less political could be heard for The struggle against the Center be­ given by Laura Miller, secretary of the • blocks. MINNEAPOLIS gan Jan. 29, when the Southern Illi­ DATA committee; Robbie Lee, repre­ By the time Agnew's seven-car caval­ ROSA LUXEMBURG IOOTH YEAR ANNIVERSARY CEL­ nois Peace Committee staged a mock senting the Guild Bookstore which was cade of secret service agents leaning out EBRAnON. HISTORY OF WOMEN IN THE STRUGGLE trial of Fischel. Cops arrested six parti­ recently attacked by the Legion of Jus­ car doors and his own bullet-proof lim­ TO LIBERATE HUMANITY. Speaker: Nancy Strebe. Sat., cipants in this demonstration on frame­ tice; and John Studer, organizer of the March 7, 8 p.m. I University Ave. NE. 332-7781. Con­ up charges of disorderly conduct and Chicago Young Socialist Alliance, ousine arrived, the street around the trib: 75c, students 50c. Ausp: Twin Cities Sacialforum. battery. The next day, there was a pro­ which has been the target of numerous rear entrance was full of people. He • test action to demand the release of the Legion of Justice attacks . could be seen by those in the front lines, NEW YORK Center's task-force minutes - which, A statement by Sidney Lens, cochair­ and he did not look happy. INTERNAnONAL WOMEN'S DAY-1910-1970, 60 though required by law, the universi­ man of New Mobe and an initiating Although the picketers were predomi­ YEARS OF SOCIAL STRUGGLE. Speaker: Berta Lang­ ty had not done. This demonstration sponsor of the defense committee, was nantly college-age, there was a large ston, Socialist Workers Party, active in People to Abol­ was attacked by the police, and nine read to the press. He charged that "the number of high school students and ish Abortion lows. 8:30 p.m. Contrib: $J, h.s. students more people were arrested. a good-sized contingent from Labor 50c. Special buffet dinner 6:30 p.m. ($1 .25.) 873 Brood­ double standard of justice in this city is giving Chicago the reputation of Against the War. way (nr. 18th St.) Ausp: Militant lobar Forum. The day before the Feb. 21 mass There was a shortage of marshals, march, some 250 people marched to an being a police state commensurate with • which did create a few problems since PHILADELPHIA SIU board-of-trustees meeting to de­ the reputation it once had as a Mecca mand immediate removal of the Cen­ for gangsters." some demonstrators had to be remind­ CAMPAIGN '70 BANQUET TO LAUNCH SWP 1970 ed that the majority had decided on a CAMPAIGN. Keynote speaker: Fred Halstead, 1968 ter and amnesty for the 19 people ar­ The news conference was covered by legal, nonconfrontation demonstration. SWP presidential candidate, speaking on SOCIALIST rested during the course of the struggle. major television, radio and newspapers About eight people were arrested and PERSPECTIVES FOR THE SEVENnES. Sun. March 8, That afternoon, five hundred heard var­ in Chicago. Meanwhile, support for the 5 p.m. For reservations, contact Socialist Workers Cam­ ious local antiwar spokesmen voice their defense efforts of the DATA committee later released. paign '70 686 N. Broad St. CE Mo998. opposition to the Center. against the vicious activities of the Le­ Agnew's lies, taunts and threats • Funds are needed for the defense of gion of Justice continues to grow. New moved the Minnesota College Republi­ WASHINGTON, D.C. the students arrested during the actions sponsors of the committee include Wil­ cans to state later that the money he WOMEN'S OPPRESSION: HOW IT BEGAN AND against the Center. Contributions can liam Kunstler, attorney for the Con­ drew in wasn't worth the support the HOW TO END IT. Speaker: Judy White. SWP activist be sent to the Southern Illinois Peace spiracy 7; C. Clark Kissinger, former Republicans lost among the youth. In women's liberation. Sun., March 8, 3 p.m. George Committee, cj o Student Government, national chairman of SDS; and Jay (The Minnesota College Republicans Washington Univ. Gov't Bldg., Rm 101. Don: 50c. Southern Illinois University, Carbon­ Shaffner, Chicago chairman of the are in the antiwar coalition and support Tel: 462-4753. Ausp: Young Socialist Forum. dale, Illinois 62901. Young Workers Liberation League. immediate withdrawal from Vietnam.) Page 12 THE MILITANT Friday, March 6, 1970 Immediate withdrawal opposed by McCarthy

By DICK ROBERTS resent the wishes of the Vietnamese peo­ Testifying before the Senate Foreign ple; but he refuses to draw the one logi­ Relations Committee, Feb. 19, Senator cal and just conclusion-that the U. S. Eugene McCarthy emphasized the fact should get out and let the Vietnamese that he opposes immediate withdrawal decide their own destiny. of U. S. troops from Vietnam and fa­ The difference between McCarthy's vors some kind of "negotiated" settle­ and Nixon's positions is that McCarthy ment of the war. apparently is willing to consider sacri­ McCarthy declared that Nixon's ficing the Thieu-Ky regime as a further avowed policies of "Vietnamization" are step toward duping the American peo­ neither desirable nor workable. But ple into believing that Washington in­ "McCarthy disputed the contention that tends to withdraw U.S. forces-some­ an immediate withdrawal was the only day (a "settlement accompanied or fol­ alternative to Vietnamization," the Feb. lowed by withdrawal ... ") - at the 20 New York Times reported. same time, further thwarting the Viet­ "A third real possibility is a nego­ namese struggle for self-determination. tiated political settlement, followed or McCarthy probably favors adding accompanied by withdrawal of Amer­ government figures in Saigon who ican military power," McCarthy said. would be more palatable to the Viet­ "Serious negotiations cannot proceed namese. But he insists on assurances unless we are willing to support a coali­ that the present capitalist system be tion government to control the process maintained and that at least some mem­ of transition. The task of the interim bers of the present hated regime be as­ HillfLNS government would be to arrange a sured of places in a new government. cease-fire and to assure the orderly If this wasn't McCarthy's position, ESCALATED AGGRESSION. Aerial view of Plaines des Jarres. withdrawal of foreign forces." there would be no reason for him to Splotches are craters from U. S. bombs. Despite massive U. S. bomb­ Thus McCarthy squarely places him­ favor keeping U. S. troops in Vietnam ings, Washington's puppet army has again been driven from the self in the camp of those who assert and there would be nothing to nego­ plain. Washington's right to participate in the tiate in Paris. formation of a government for South McCarthy wants us to believe that Vietnam. He recognizes that the dic­ Washington will some day participate tatorial clique in Saigon does not rep- in forming a representative government in South Vietnam, when he knows per­ U.S. escalates Laos war: fectly well that the U. S. invaded that country precisely to prevent that from happening. B-52s bomb central plain The truth of the matter is that the "doves" are in a quandary, caused FEB. 24- B-52 bombers have been with U.S.-made M-16 rifles? he is largely by the fact that they agree with used for the first time in central Laos, asked. No, he says, though the very Nixon's strategic aims: indefinite U.S. according to a New York Times dis­ men guarding him are carrying M- occupation of South Vietnam. patch from Vientiane, Feb. 21. The 16s. Washington journalist Clayton Fritch­ giant bombers were employed in an "Are U.S. helicopters supporting his ey explained the current "dove dilemma" unsuccessful effort to drive back revo­ war effort? he is asked. No, he says, in his nationally syndicated column, lutionary forces on the Plaine des .J arres. though he boards a U.S. chopper Feb. 12: "... the doves find themselves "In a ten-day campaign," the dispatch after concluding the interview." temporarily immobilized by shrewd reported, "North Vietnamese troops White House tactics which have con­ have seized more than 20 government vinced most Americans, for the time positions in north-east Laos, despite being at least, that Nixon is as dovish the apparent use of U.S. B-52 bomb­ as they are." ers in Laos for the first time-apart 'Doves' back It's all a matter of "convincing,"i.e., from the bombing of the so-called Ho fooling Americans. Fritchey spells out Chi Minh Trail." Eugene McCarthy what is well-known in Washington: Washington's preparations fora stand Laos bombing "Chiang Kai-shek had an army of against the revolutionary forces on the over two million men, equipped with Plaine des Jarres have been underway The Senate Foreign Rela­ 'A civil war billions of dollars of modern American since early February. These began with tions Committee does not op­ arms. Yet a Communist force, only a the forced removal of tens of thou­ pose genocidal U.S. bombing fraction of the size of the Nationalists, sands of the area's civilian inhabitants. of Laos-in fact, it favors it and poorly armed, conquered the entire The population "is down to one tenth What the .. dove" senators op­ between the rich Chinese mainland without a single ma­ of the 150,000 who once lived there," jor battle ... New York Times Laos correspondent pose is using American ground "It was the same story in South Henry Kamm reported Feb. 8. combat forces on a large scale Korea, where the U. S. trained and "Hardly a house is left standing and in Laos. They believe this and the poor' equipped the tyrannical Syngman the refugee camps where the last of would be too costly in political Rhee's forces ... Had it not been for the plainsmen live are about to be terms. "Being in Vietnam has been a tragic the armed intervention of the U. S., the evacuated." This important fact was clar­ mistake. This is because it is a civil North Koreans would have quickly Washington picked out this ·area to ified in a previously secret Sen­ war and it is a civil war among var­ won. test its CIA-controlled mercenary ar­ ate debate on Laos policy, a ious groups, religious and cultural. 'Why should the South Vietnamese my: "The defense of the plain is large­ censored transcript of which Above all it is a war between the rich fight? They have neither a government ly in the hands of the clandestine ar­ was made public in the Con­ and the poverty- stricken. We are on nor a mission they believe in. Most are my of Meo mountain tribesmen, com­ gressional Record, Jan. 21. the side of the rich." forcibly conscripted and wretchedly manded by Maj. Gen. Vang Pao, the In that debate, Senator Mike The "effete snob" who is speaking in paid. Their officers provide no real most effective-some say the only ef­ Mansfield, Democratic Party this case is Capt. Larry P. Turner, a leadership. Corruption among the gen­ fective- fighting force on the govern­ majority leader, declared: .. If veteran of a year's service in Vietnam, erals has been endemic. It is hard to be­ ment side," Kamm wrote Feb. 1. we were to take this air sup­ who made his views on the war known lieve that President Thieu's troops will A Feb. 21 AP dispatch described the port away from the Royal to Senator Stephen Young ( D-Ohio) in be the first noncommunist army in Asia rout of Vang Pao's army: "The La­ to defeat a fanatically motivated Red otian government garrison retreated Laotian Army ... it is quite a letter Young entered in the Congres­ possible that the 50,000 or sional Record, Jan. 27. p. S 631. force." in confusion today with a third of its "It is the poor who join the Vietcong," And no one in Washington believes force dead or missing... Sources in 55,000 North Vietnamese who Capt. Turner continued. The Saigon it, least of all a man like McCarthy, Saigon said U.S. fighter-bombers from are in Laos . . . would then Vietnam government is as corrupt, ruth­ whose first appointment in "public" ser­ bases in Thailand and Laos's tiny air find it easy to sweep into the less and weak as it was before we went vice was as an advisor to the Military force flew more than 200 sorties try­ Mekong to take over the capi­ there... It is the wealthy, small elite with Intelligence Division of the War Depart­ ing to stay the North Vietnamese ad­ tals of Luang Prabang and accounts in Swiss banks who benefit ment (1944), and who served,until his vance." Vientiane." from the American presence in Vietnam. resignation in 1968, on the Senate For­ As to the assertion that only North Senator Stephen Young (D­ It is also only this small group that eign Relations Committee- during the Vietnamese have been fighting in the Ohio) added: .. (Senator Mans­ would suffer if the U.S. withdraws al­ whole period of escalation of the Viet­ Plaine des J arres-the information field) made my point much together from Vietnam." nam war. must have been obtained from Vang better than I could myself with Turner concluded that if Nixon's al­ McCarthy's stand in opposition to Pao himself. Last Dec. 18, the Wall reference to the step-up in the leged policies of "Vietnamizing" the war withdrawal of U.S. troops from Viet­ Street Journal described an interview bombing of Laos and especial­ are pursued this could keep the U.S. nam serves to illuminate the true dif­ with this CIA favorite: ly of north Laos . . . It was in Vietnam indefinitely, and he ended: ference between "hawk" and "dove" capi­ "Resplendent in a fancy field uniform "If people want to go communist, that's talist politicians. Both favor the "righf' and bedecked by so many medals to our interest to bomb those their business. We are fighting the Viet­ of American imperialism to determine that he almost appears armor-plated, troops in Laos. It is also much namese where the French left off. The the destiny of the Vietnamese people. he sits for an interview. Are U.S. more preferable to bomb them, Vietnamese people have waited for many But the "doves" prefer doing it under a jets bombing in Laos? he is asked. than to send our men in there." years to get rid of an enemy. Evident­ "reasonable," "negotiated" formula that "No, he says, though his voice is (Congressional Record, Jan. ly they are prepared to wait a long may be more palatable to U. S. and periodically drowned out by U.S. jets 21, pp. E 151-E 166.) time to get rid of us. world public opinion. flying overhead. Are his troops armed Friday, March 6, 1970 THE MILITANT Page 13 Ga. SWP enters suit on election filing fees

ATLANTA, Ga- Linda .Jenness, dependent of the Democratic and Re­ Frank Grinnon and Joe Cole, Socialist publican parties." Workers candidates for governor and When asked by a television newsman U. S. Congress, filed suit in federal court whether loosening ballot restrictions Feb. 17 against Georgia's discrimina­ might not flood the ballot with "kooks, tory election laws. nuts and publicity seekers," Mrs. Jen­ According to Georgia election law, ness pointed to last year's Atlanta city candidates running independent of the elections as evidence to the contrary. Democratic and Republican parties During those elections, the suit Mrs. must obtain large numbers of registered Jenness brought against Atlanta's elec­ voters' signatures on independent nom­ tions laws resulted in Supreme Court inating petitions in order to appear on Justice Hugo Black ordering the city the ballot. For the office of governor to waive its qualifying fee for those 88, 17 5 signatures are required. For candidates who would take a poverty U. S. Congress in the fourth and fifth oath. The result, Mrs. Jenness stated, districts about 11,000 are required was that "37 candidates, the majority from each district. of them Black, were able to qualify who In addition to these exorbitant peti­ might not otherwise have been able to, tioning requirements, candidates must and four of these candidates were elect­ also pay high qualifying fees in order ed. If we are successful in our present to appear on the ballot. The fees are suit against the state's restriction, it will not fixed by law, but in 1966 the sec­ not only help the Socialist Workers can­ retary of state set them at $2,500 for didates obtain ballot status, but can gubernatorial candidates and $1,500 be of great assistance for independent for congressional candidates. Black candidates, which this state is Responding to questions from the going to be seeing more of in the future." press after the suit was filed, Georgia -CLIFF CONNOR Secretary of State Ben Fortson stated that the fees are necessary to offset the costs of the elections. Peter Rindskopf, Tribute is paid attorney for the candidates, contends Photo by Meg Rose that the secretary of state has a very Linda Jenness and Frank Grinnon at Georgia capitol weak case. "If you are a nominee for to Malcolm X the Democratic or Republican parties, the state doesn't charge you anything," Rindskopf said. "In actual practice, the at Atlanta forum parties set fees approximately as high Ga. campus editors hear as those set (for independents) by the By JOEL ABER secretary of state- but they keep that ATLANTA-"A Tribute to Malcolm money for themselves." X'' was the title of a meeting attended The fact that Democrats and Repub­ by over 50 people here Feb. 20, five Jenness debate opponents licans keep the fee revenues for their years after the assassination of the Black By CLIFF CONNER own organizations "makes it very dif­ revolutionary. And indeed it was a fit­ During the question period the col­ ting tribute to a revolutionary leader. ATHENS, Ga.- A conference of 150 ficult to argue" that money handed over lege press representatives probed the dif­ It was the initial meeting of the first college newspaper editors and staff by independents is necessary to run an ferences between the Socialist Workers weekly socialist forum series to be held election, Rindskopf said. members meeting on the University of candidate and the liberal Democrat. One in the Southeast. Georgia campus here Feb. 21 heard student directed a question about the Gubernatorial candidate Linda Jen­ Speakers included Sam Manuel, a ness, in a statement carried widely by three gubernatorial candidates and a Chicago "Conspiracy" trial and the Black leader of the Georgia State University U.S. congressman debate the crucial Panther Party to both Sanders and Lin­ the news media, attacked the ballot re­ Black Student Union and activist in the strictions, calling them "clearly aimed social issues facing America today. da Jenness. Sanders said he wasn't fa­ Georgia State Mobilization Committee Remarks by Linda .Jenness, candidate miliar with the details of the Chicago to curb participation in Georgia politics to End the War in Vietnam, and Frank of men and women from the Black of the Socialist Workers Party, were in­ trial but that he supports the Amer­ Grinnon, Socialist Workers Party can­ terrupted by applause more often than ican judiciary system. As for the Pan­ communities,' those who are workers, didate for Congress from Georgia's fifth and those who launch campaigns in- those of any other speakers. Contrast­ thers, he felt that their civil rights weren't congressional district. ing capitalist and socialist politicians, violated since, he asserted, they were all Also featured at the forum was a she said, "Isn't the stereotype of a pol­ free on bail. Agnew greeted recording of Malcolm's "Message to the itician that of a person who says one Linda Jenness corrected Sanders by Grass Roots" delivered in Detroit in thing and does another, who promises pointing out that most Panther leaders 1963. you two chickens in every pot when are either dead, in jail or in exile. The Frank Grinnon compared Malcolm a depression is around the corner, and farcical Chicago trial, she said, where by 800 pickets X to Fidel Castro, citing in both their swears on a stack of Bibles that he'll they bound and gagged Bobby Seale uncompromising stands for human keep the country out of war only to call and denied him the lawyer of his choice, rights- for the rights of their people in Atlanta up the first battalion?" Opposing her had nothing to do with justice, and all -which led them to revolutionary po­ were former governor Carl Sanders, the defendants should be freed at once. sitions when confronted with the awe­ By k'\J"DY ROSE Jimmy Carter, and U.S. Congressman some power of an uncompromising cap­ The Collegiate Press Service meeting ATLANTA, Ga- Eight hundred an­ Bill Stuckey. Gov. Lester Maddox was was the second time Linda Jenness had tiwar demonstrators, mostly high school italist system. Malcolm X, Grinnon con­ cluded, "was the living proof for our scheduled to speak but failed to appear. hit the statewide campaign trail. Earlier and college students, "welcomed" Vice Sanders, a liberal Democrat, general­ in the week she addressed 250 fresh­ President Spiro T. Agnew to Atlanta generation of revolutionists that it can and will happen here." ly considered to be the front-running men at Mercer University in Macon, Feb. 21 by picketing the hotel where contender for the governor's office, used Ga She had been invited to speak as he was to address a $100-a-plate din­ Sam Manuel traced Malcolm's devel­ opment from a follower of Elijah Mu­ his speaking time to try to refute :VIrs. part of a series entitled "Man as Rebel." ner. They chanted "U. S. Out of Viet­ hammad to a genuine revolutionary .Jenness' blast at the Democratic and Re­ On Sunday, Feb. 22, she also appeared nam, Agnew Out of Atlanta," "End the leader. He quoted from George Breit­ publican parties. "I, too, am a peace for about 45 minutes on a program War in Vietnam- Bring the Troops man's The Last Year of Malcolm X candidate," he said, "but I believe the sponsored by the Metropolitan Atlanta Home :'IJ"ow," and other slogans stem­ to demonstrate the evolution of Mal­ American system is the most noble ex­ Summit Leadership Congress on ming from "Agnew" rhyming with "you." colm's thinking into that of a revo­ periment in self-governmenteverdevised WAOK, a Black radio station in At­ After picketing for about two hours, lutionary. by man... " lanta. the demonstrators marched to a near­ by rally site to hear speeches by .Jim Goodman, an active-duty G I from Ft. Benning; Corey Logan, a member of the High School Mobilization Commit­ tee, and Frank Grinnon, Socialist Work­ ers Party candidate for U.S. Congress. The demonstration was called by the Atlanta Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam around the central slogan "U.S. Out of Vietnam :--.;ow!" It included three special contingents: High school students, women and G Is. An estimated 25-30 Gls from Fts. Ben­ ning and McClellan were present. For the first time in Atlanta, special steps were taken to involve more women in an antiwar action. Initiated by the women's caucus of Atlanta Mobe, the women's contingent issued a leaflet ex­ plaining how the war particularly op­ presses women. Child-care facilities (staffed by men) were available during the demonstration. Atlanta antiwar demonstrators greet Agnew Page 14 THE MILITANT Friday, March 6, 1970

He saw internationalism as the key Malcolm, the ghetto and Vietnam

[The foUowing are excerpts from a During the period before the upsurge the fact that "African problems are our Malcolm X memorial speech given by of the civil rights movement in the problems and our problems are African John Hawkins, Socialist Workers Party 1960s, the Nation of Islam had been problems." candidate for secretary of state in Mich­ preaching Black unity. But what Elijah In January, 1965 he said, "What hap­ igan, on Feb. 20, 1970. The meeting Muhammad had meant was unity under pens in South Vietnam can affect him was sponsored by the Detroit Militant his leadership. Most Blacks were not [the American Black man], if he's liv­ Labor Forum.] going to become Muslims. It is extreme­ ing on St. Nicholas Avenue [Harlem]. ly difficult for an organization to main­ The person who realizes the effect that Today marks the fifth year since the tain itself when it says one thing and things all over the world have on his death of Malcolm X. Those five years does another. The pressure of the mass block, on his salary, on his reception have witnessed the largest and most movement created a schism in the Na­ or lack of reception into society im­ sustained revolt on the part of the Black tion of Islam. Malcolm expressed the mediately becomes interested in things community. Watts, Newark and Detroit disaffection with the sidelines policy of international." were mere examples of the explosive po­ the Nation more than any other mem­ Earlier than almost any tendency in tential of the Black community and the ber. the radical movement, Malcolm spoke desire of that community for change.... In his book, The Last Year of Mal­ out against the war in Vietnam. Had These revolts were more in the char­ colm X: The Evolution of a Revolu­ he been alive at the time of the first acter of general strikes. The masses of tionary, George Breitman cites several antiwar march on Washington in 1965 Black workers remained home from instances of the abstentionist policy of it is certain that he would have par­ work (those few who had jobs) and the Muslim hierarchy. The Natlon of ticipated. Malcolm's support of the Viet­ defended their community against the Islam in 1963 came out for indepen­ namese sprang from two sources. Not racist state forces. The masses of the dent Black political action. But when only was he a defender of the revolu­ Black community carried out a hap­ an independent Black party turned up tionary masses of Vietnam but he also hazard form of expropriation, liber­ on the scene, the Freedom Now Party, knew the effect that international events ating goods from stores that had the Nation, on orders from Elijah have on local and national affairs. He squeezed exorbitant prices out of the Muhammad, refused to participate. knew the effect that victories in the co­ community. And like the Italian work­ Throughout this period numerous ac­ lonial world would have on Black peo­ ers who just recently burned their in­ tions were taking place in which Mus­ ple in this country, that such a defeat adequate, ramshackle housing to the Malcolm X lims were forbidden to participate. What for U.S. imperialism would suggest ground, the Black community burned the average Muslim would counterpose logically the possibility of its defeat out part of the source of the commu­ to the struggle for gains in the present here in the U.S. to increasing numbers go about getting it on the other. Mal­ nity's blight-the most usurious and would be a sort of a pie-in-the-sky talk of people.... colm spent all his conscious political gouging of the small merchants. about a separate nation. We have the opportunity today to These revolts are simply a prelude life educating and organizing the com­ Although the Muslims had preached begin putting some of Malcolm's es­ of what is to come and give a hint both munity for the fight for liberation. Since Black unity, they were remiss as a sential ideas into practice. At the Stu­ of the final solution that will be effected his death different groupings in the group in coming to the defense of other dent Mobilization Committee national and of what is needed to effect that Black community have absorbed bits Blacks who were victimized by the po­ conference in Cleveland, over 1 00 Black solution. The mass character of the up­ and pieces of his teachings and ideas, lice. And in one instance they were for­ and Third World activists gathered and risings is important to remember for but none has incorporated within itself bidden to unite with other groups in decided to build the National Black all who wish to see revolutionary the totality of his political and organi­ their own defense. Referendum on Vietnam. The referen­ change in the Black community and zational concepts. The conflict can be summed up in dum will be conducted throughout the America and the world in general. ... The crisis that was made so evident Malcolm's own words: "The Messenger Black community. The SMC plans to The uprisings were by and large lead­ during the rebellions is a daily crisis [Muhammad) has seen God. He was take it onto the campuses. This referen­ erless, although there were those who in the Black community. The lack of with Allah and was given divine pa­ dum gives us a chance to bring home stood out among the crowd as spokes­ consistent leadership compounds the tience with the devil. He is willing to the relationship between the aggressive men and agitators. Given the sponta­ difficulty of solving the other day-to­ wait for Allah to deal with the devil. and violent nature of this system neous nature of the uprising it is stag­ day problems of the community.... Well, sir, the rest of us Black Muslims abroad and the total neglect ofthe Black gering to imagine what they would The whole idea of Black unity was have not seen God, we don't have this community at home.... have been like had they been organized. popularized by the Nation of Islam gift of divine patience with the devil. It will be a step in the direction of The organization needed to carry out before and during the civil rights move­ The younger Black Muslims want to the spring mass antiwar actions that such revolts beyond the stage of spon­ ment. The sort of unity that was needed see some action." will see more Blacks involved than any taneity does not exist today. It is un­ then did not exist. Malcolm was not Because Muhammad was not about other antiwar demonstration to date. likely that such organi-zational mea­ only a strong preacher of unity but a to act, Malcolm split. sures will" be taken until the community resolute practitioner of it. The question as a whole recognizes the need for them, of uniting with other organizations in After his split from the Nation of until the Black community achieves a action was one of the main reasons Islam, Malcolm spent his remammg higher level of political understanding. he left the Nation of Islam. The whole year broadening the scope of the free­ Morrison heard For in every city that witnessed the period of the civil rights movement was dom movement both politically and or­ Jummer explosions, Black people a testing period for the Nation of Islam. ganizationally. The organizational turned around to shake hands with Thousands of Black people were strug­ changes he made were always consis­ at meetings white capitalist candidates for office and gling daily for their rights in both the tent with the needs of the mass freedom cast their votes for them at election time. South and the North. Although the movement. Malcolm was trying at the When we take these two facts together struggles were directed in a nonviolent time of his death to form a program in New England it is easy to recognize the great discrep­ manner and led by groups tied to the for his Organization of Afro-American ancy between the Black community's ruling class, they were the first motion Unity. The ideas expressed in the pro­ willingness to fight for freedom on the of any section of the American popula­ gram he was about to present when On Friday, Feb. 20, Derrick Mor­ one hand and its knowledge of how to tion since the end of the McCarthy era. he was assassinated form the basis of rison, staff writer for The Militant and most of the ideas that the present groups a member of the national executive committee of the Young Socialist Al­ Now available (Publication date, May 19) in the Black struggle put forward. The Basic Unity Program of the OAAU liance, spoke to over 150 people in a combines the perspectives of action memorial meeting for Malcolm X at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. around needs .of the community and The meeting, sponsored by the Mili­ au Anu electoral action. Malcolm saw the need tant Labor Forum, was one of sev­ of using the ballot as a weapon in the eral addressed by Morrison in the struggle for freedom and the program New England area. Means of the OAA U reflects that need. . . . He spoke to over 7 5 students Feb. Malcolm realized that all those who 18 at Brown University in Providence, might be willing to fight for freedom Rhode Island. A recording of one of lecessarg were not necessarily willing to become Malcolm's speeches was played at the Muslims. He made the distinction that meeting. The next day, Morrison Malcolm's speeches were first pre­ the National of Islam refused to make talked with the Afro student groups sented to the public in Malcolm X or was incapable of making, between at Brown, and at the University of Speaks, collected and edited by his own religious organization and the Massachusetts. About 40 students at­ George Breitman from material then movement as a whole.... tended a meeting on Sunday at Clark ( 1965) available. By Any Means Malcolm was thoroughly an interna­ University in Worcester. Mass., where Necessary, also collected and edited tionalist. His many trips to Africa and Morrison spoke together with one of by Breitman, is a companion vol­ the Mideast produced his internation­ the leaders of Clark Mro. He and ume and presents new material, not two leaders of the Afro group spoke previously available or even known alism. By internationalism I don't to exist. These speeches constitute mean that Malcolm was simply sympa­ at Tufts on Monday and he attended important source material for the thetic to the struggles of brothers in a Black student protest rally at Bran­ study of the black liberation move­ Africa and the other parts of the world. deis the next day. ment and provide documentation Malcolm desired more than sympathy The theme throughout the speech of the development of Malcolm's on the part of the African leaders he and discussions was the international­ ideas and program of struggle. spoke to, and he would certainly have ism of Malcolm X and its very di­ demanded the same from himself and rect relationship to mobilizing senti­ 192 pp., cloth $5.95 his organization. The type of aid Mal­ ment against the war in Vietnam. In paper $1.95 colm expected or desired is outlined this context, students were encouraged in many of his speeches. As an observer to relate to the Black referendum on the war in March and the nationwide PATHFINDER PRESS 873 BROADWAY NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003 at the 1964 conference of the Organiza­ tion of African Unity, Malcolm stressed protests scheduled for April 15. Friday, March 6, 1970 THE MILITANT Page 15 Bay Area printers meet

For the sharp-eyed shopper- Com­ a "cold-blooded view" of pollution ac­ strike breaking attack modity-conscious Esquire offers this cording to the Marketing Magazine. A subscription pitch: "When you come principal manufacturer of industrial pol­ right down to it, choosing a maga­ lution abatement equipment ( $25-mil­ zine for yourself is like selecting a wife, lion last year), .Joy's :\lr. Block "leaves buying a suit or picking next year's emotionalism to the enraged citizenry. vacation spot. You shop around until He keeps an unwavering eye on prof­ you find the one that fits you best." it..." "As a citizen, I'm against pollution," says :\lr. Block. "As a businessman, Pretty soon they'd think they were I'm out to make a profit." human- A spokesman for the Catholic hierarchy said that if priests were per­ Materialist view- British researchers mitted to marry, next thing they'd want have established that accident fatalities is the right to get divorced. cost an average of $10,500 per each person in lost output, police and court Freedom fighters forge ahead- Cu­ time, medical and funeral costs and ban exiles are doing well in the center damage to vehicles and property. Not of the Free World. New York police to speak of the several dollars which estimate that thugs who made their pile it is estimated the chemicals in the hu­ Private guards attack pickets under Batista now control 20 percent man body are worth. The two-month-old printers strike in port, explaining that "striking printers of New York's numbers game and a San Rafael, a small town near San are facing scabs, armed thugs, dogs, significant piece of the narcotics racket. Capitalist semantics- The 12 most Francisco, has become a test of union San Rafael police and the Newspaper persuasive words in the English lan­ strength as the local newspaper, Inde­ Publishers Association which is always Self-determination for Fuzzy!- The guage, we're now advised, are: "You, pendent-Journa~ continues to operate only too happy to get rid of another National Police Patrolmen's Ass'n is money, save, new, results, health, easy, with scab labor. union shop. installing Fuzzy, a pig, as its official safety, love, discovery, proven, guaran­ This strike began,· as many others "Join the picket line Saturday!" mascot, reports the Old Mole. "We be­ tee." That's according to a team of Yale have recently in the newspaper indus­ The demonstration started early in lieve pigs are beautiful," a cop ex­ University psychology researchers. try, with a provocative refusal on the the morning. Union men and women plained. "We'd rather associate with Who, we guess, did their research part of the publishers to abide by union came from all sections of the Bay Area Fuzzy the pig than with some of the watching TV commercials. work standards or grant wage But the newspaper publishers had ar­ degenerates who refer to policemen as increases. ranged for police from throughout the pigs." ;\;o one asked Fuzzy how he felt True blue American-A filmmaker During long months of stalled "ne­ Bay Area to be present also. about having to associate with fuzz. who's joined in on the billion dollar gotiations", lasting more than a year The police and special guards and pornography industry comments: "Some in this case, the employers had assem­ hired thugs in San Rafael waded into people say we're part of the Communist bled and trained a crew of strikebreak­ the rally of a thousand union demon­ The march ofcivilization- Those who conspiracy, but we're really classic ers. When they were prepared to publish strators. Before the action ended the American capitalists." like to get their exercise, but not too without the regular work force, they fired huge plate glass front of the I-J pub­ much, by golfing will be pleased to a union officer and four other printers, lishing plant had been shattered; the Thought for the week-"I predict, Mr. thus provoking International Typo­ publisher had been hit in the head by learn a patent has been issued for a Speaker, that Judge Hoffman will go device which pops the ball out of the graphical Union Local 21 to strike, an iron bolt; smoke bombs crashed down in the history of this country Jan. 7. through the upper-story windows of the hole after its sunk. We hear they're and of the great State of Illinois as This strike, on the .side of the union, plant; a fire started in one of the news­ also working on a power-driven club. one of the great jurists of our times. was conducted along the standard pat­ paper circulation trucks. He certainly has proven himself to be tern of ITU strikes, a small picket line, One hundred local police, in full riot an able, learned and fair man."- Rep. boycott of the scab paper, cash bene­ gear of gas masks, helmets, face masks, Unpolluted outlook- Norman Block Thomas Abernathy ( D-Miss. ). fits paid by the union to the strikers. and long batons were deployed origi­ of the Joy Manufacturing Co., takes -HARRY RING The owners of I-J had a different nally. Reinforcements from other com­ idea about the development of the strike. munities were called in. Like many other publishers they were The police demanded that the demon­ out to break the strike and break the stration disperse. union. Hired guards were brought in Union and student forces regrouped to harass the pickets, and then to phys­ at the nearby court house square, and ically assault them. there Gordon Duncan, ITU spokesman, When the strike was a month old, reported that the I-J would not pub­ ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o David Murphy, P. 0. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA and the ITU local finally sent out a call lish and advised all demonstrators to Box 750, Tempe, Arizona B5281. Labor Bookstore, 1 University N. E. (at E. Hennepin) for help. leave. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley: SWP and YSA, 2519-A Tele­ 2nd fl., Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) 332-7781. Meanwhile assaults upon the pickets Duncan promised a general strike if graph Avenue, Berkeley, Calif. 94704. Tel: (415)848- MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Paul Schmidtlein, accelerated. the paper tried to reopen. "If this doesn't 9334. 4409 Virginia, K.C., Mo. 64110. Tel: (816) 561-0872. By mid-February, attempts by the work as a permanent solution, we'll be Hayward: YSA, Gerald Clark, c/o Student Union St. Louis: YSA, c/o larry Swingle, 5817 Waterman, Marin County Labor Council to bring back as a general strike," he said. Building, California· State College at Hayward, 25800 St. louis, Mo. 63112. the dispute to arbitration had been re­ The I-J was out the next day with Hillary St., Hayward, Calif. 94544. Tel: (415)537-3656 NEW JERSEY: Newark: YSA, P. 0. Box 627, Newark, jected by the publisher. The unions a full front page story about how po­ or (415)537-3657. N.J. 07101. Tel: (201)678-6005. charged that the publisher is trying lice dispersed "the mob." Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1702 E. 4th St., los NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Bill O'Kain, 313 State to establish the same take-it-or-leave­ The publisher is solidly supported by Angeles, Calif. 90033. Tel: (213)269-4953. St., Albany, N.Y. 12210. it "Boulware" pattern approach to ne­ the employing class, all its government San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Binghamton: YSA, c/o Peter Gellert, Box 1389, Her­ Pioneer Books, 2338 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. pur College, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901. gotiations that GE tried unsuccessfully agencies and its political tools. 94114. Tel: (415)626-9958. New York City: SWP and YSA and bookstore, 873 to ram down the throats of its workers. But the union movement, if the con­ San Diego: Alan Stancliff, 4143 Georgia, San Diego, Broadway, N.Y., N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 982-6051 The demand for joint union action frontation continues, is capable of mass Calif. 92103. NORTH CAROLINA: Chapel Hill-Durham: YSA, c/o continued to build and a mass rally demonstrations far exceeding the thou­ Turlock: Valley YSA, Michael Klein, c/o Associated Brian Buxton, Rt. 2, Box 125, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514. "against imported strikebreakers and sand who gathered in San Rafael. Dem­ Students, Stanislaus State College, 800 Monte Vista OHIO: Athens: YSA, P. 0. Box 899, Athens, Ohio hired armed company thugs" was called onstrations throughout the Bay Area Ave., Turlock, Calif. 95380: 45701. at the I-J offices for early on the morn­ can halt the police complicity, in each COLORADO: Boulder: YSA, c/o lyle Fulks, 2233 Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 2931 Prospect Ave., ing of Feb. 14. of the communities, with the strikebreak­ Pine, Boulder, Col. 80302. Cleveland, Ohio 44115. Tel: 861-3862. This demonstration was called by ers. They can expose the network of FLORIDA: Gainesville: YSA, Box 13157, University Columbus: YSA, P. 0. Box 3006, Columbus, Ohio a joint labor committee of top Bay antilabor agencies operating through­ Sta., Gainesville, Fla. 32601. 43210. Tel: (614)294-2047. Area union officials. out the U.S. and Canada to destroy GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 1176 1/2 Kent: YSA, P.O. Box 116, Kent, Ohio 44240. In addition, students from Marin Col­ the ITU. They can stop their contri­ West Peachtree St., SWP and YSA, P. 0. Box 7817, Yellow Springs: YSA, c/o Duncan Williams, Antioch lege rallied to support the union-called butions and support of the politicians Atlanta, Ga., 30309. Tel: (404)876-2230. Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387. demonstration. A leaflet issued by stu­ and political parties connected with these ILLINOIS: Carbondale: YSA, c/o Bill Moffett, P. 0. Box OREGON: Portland: YSA, c/o Tonie Porter, 6770 S. dents on campus called for broad sup- strikebreakers. 166, Carbondale, Ill. 62901. Tel: (618)549-6214. W. Taylors Ferry Rd., Portland, Ore. 97223. Tel: (503) Champaign-Urbana: YSA, P.O. Bax 2099, Sta. A, 246-9245. Champaign, Ill. 61820. Tel: (217) 359-1333. PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 686 Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Penna. 19130. Tel: (215) Dr., Rm. 310, Chicago, ill. 60606. Tel: (312)641-0147. CE 6-6998. DeKalb: YSA, Student Activities Center, Northern RHODE ISLAND: Providence: YSA, c/o Jeff Powers, Illinois Univ., DeKalb, Ill. 60115. 15 Creighton St., Providence, R.I. 02902. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Marilyn Yogi, Uni­ TEXAS: Austin: SWP and YSA, P. 0. Box 5586, West versity Apt. 3-E, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. Austin Station, Austin, Texas 78703. KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Fred Murphy, 1510 Houston: YSA, Campus Activities, University Center, Kentucky, Apt. G. lawrence, Kansas 66044. University af Houston, Houston, Texas 77004. KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P. 0. Box 952, University UTAH: Logon: YSA, c/o Sterne McMullen, 763 E. 9th Sta., lexington, Ky. 40506. North, logan, Utah 84321. 3 months·for $1.00 MASSACHUSETTS: Baston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant WASHINGTON, D.C.: YSA, 1319 F. St., Rm 1010 '4 for 1 yr. regular subscription/For Gls: '1 for 6 mo. labor Forum, 295 Huntington Ave., Rm 307, Boston, Wash., D.C. Tel: (202)638-0610 ar 965-0253. Mass. 02115. Tel: (617)491-8893, 547-8557. WASHINGTON: Cheney: E. Wash. State YSA, Sub ------Worcester: YSA, Box 406, Clark U., Worcester, Mass. Bax 1040, EWSC, Cheney, Wash. 99004. Tel: 235- ~arne------01610. 6749. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, P.O. Box 408, Ann Seattle: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way Address------­ Arbor, Mich. 48104. N. E., Seattle, Wash. 98105. Hrs. 11 a.m.-8 p.m., Mon.­ City Detroit: SWP and YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Sat. Tel: (206)523-2555. State ______...;______Zip ------Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TE 1- WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, 202 W. Gilman, Modi­ 6135. son, Wise. 53703. Tel: (608) 256- 0857. Ypsilanti: YSA, Box 156, Charles McKenny Union, Milwaukee: YSA, c/o Heald, 929 N. Water St., Mil­ Make checks payable to The Militant, 873 Broadway, New York, Ypsilanti, Mich. 48197. Tel: (313) 482-7348. waukee, Wise. 53202. Tel: 679-1428 or 342-3215. N.Y. 10003 Page 16 THE MILITANT Friday, March 6, 1970 Black Gls at Ft. Bragg Portland Panther acquitted establish organization In• police frame-up

By DAVID THORSTAD Gis United Against the War in Viet­ By HERMAN PORTER by one of the most notorious cops in A new all-Black organization called nam. Do It Loud! reports that the over­ and JOHN CHAIRET the Portland ghetto. The shooting oc­ the Black Brigade has recently been whelming majority of listeners who PORTLAND, Ore., Feb. 25-An im­ curred in the headquarters ofthe N CCF. formed at Ft. Bragg, N.C. The new phoned in were "very receptive to the portant victory was won here Feb. 13 Ford suggested the attack was mo­ group was, the Gis say, "born out of Gis." when Kent Ford, captain of the Neigh­ tivated by the cops' anger at losing need for action in solving the prob­ One significant, and perhaps symp­ borhood Committee to Combat Fascism the trial. Williams was a witness for lems that plague the Black man in the tomatic, feature in this issue is a list (NCCF) and leader of the Black Pan­ Ford. According to Ford, witnesses said military and in Amerika." of 20 demands which the Black Brigade ther Party, was found not guilty of that Williams had his hands up when The Black Brigade holds meetings considers "something to work from and charges of riot. The charges stemmed Stanley Harmon shot him at point­ twice a week and is publishing its own add to" and which grew out of a Bri­ from the first of a series of incidents blank range. Harmon yelled, "I got antiwar and Black liberation newspa­ gade seminar last December. This list last June in which the police attacked him, I got him, I finally got him," per, Do It Loud! TheBraggbrassbegan demands, among other things, that the ghetto, especially young people, and witnesses said. Harmon's brother was its harassment right away by prevent­ Black officers be in charge of com­ arrested some 200. one of the witnesses against Ford. ing the Brigade from meeting on post. mands consisting of more than one­ Ford described the one-week trial in Williams has been harassed by racist Announcing the formation of the third Blacks; that Black participation in an interview: The jury consisted of sev­ cops for a long time. Last June he group, Frederik E. Penn II, a Brigade units sent to put down civil disorders en women and five men, one of them was jailed on charges of sh6oting from spokesman, explained its view of the be voluntary; that the percentage of an American Indian and the rest white. a moving car. The charges were relationship between its organizing in Black officers be the same as that of About a dozen cops testified against dropped after he had been in prison the Army and the broader struggle for G Is; and that informal political gather­ Ford, but they gave inconsistent state­ for five months. Black liberation: "Though we are in the ings be permitted in service clubs on ments. Just before the shooting, police military, we refuse to abandon our base. Ford's witnesses consisted mainly stopped Williams and said there was revolutionary efforts. As we see no A subscription to Do It Loud! costs of some 20 young Black people who a warrant for his arrest, but they re­ near dismissal of the military, we have $5 ($3 for students and $1 for Gls) and were present at the scene of the alleged fused to produce it. Williams then went decided that the rights of Black men, may be ordered from the Black Bri­ "riot." Ford was very proud of how into the headquarters, and the cops serving their tour of involuntary servi­ gade, 510 Chapel Hill Road, Spring they came through. "They told it like proceeded to break the door in. Wil­ tude, must be protected. Lake, N. C. 28390. it was," he said. liams picked up a rifle, which dis­ "In managing this we are sure to A few days after the trial, on Feb. 1S, charged into the ceiling. Then he have our knowledge broadened for a 19-year-old Panther, Albert Williams, dropped it, raised his h~nds, afld was our return to deal with the problems was shot twice and critically wounded gunned down. at home. A significant Black movement The cops refused to wait for an am­ within the military will turn out better, bulance but made Williams walk to more informed and politically aware their car. They took two hours to get activists working toward revolutioniz­ Mich. socialist him to a distant hospital, though there ing the whole of society's structure." was one a few minutes away and others Penn indicates that the Brigade plans quite close. to fight to force the Army to recognize rallies support The NCCF and the Black Panther the constitutionally guaranteed rights of Party, with the support of the Young Gis as citizens to organize for social Socialist Alliance, SDS, and the Social­ change: for cop victims ist Workers Party, called a rally the The first issue of Do It Loud!, dedi­ following day, which was attended by cated to the murdered Black Panthers, some 300 people. The rally demanded Fred Hampton and Mark Clark, resem­ DETROIT- Ronald Reosti, Socialist an investigation by the Black commu­ bles many other GI newspapers in that Workers Party candidate 1'for attorney nity of Williams' shooting, the suspen­ it carries reports of GI meetings, anal­ general, invited by student antiwar sion of Harmon and of Ralph Larson, yses of the relationship between the leaders to share a platform with Dr. another cop involved in the attack, their social system and and the problems Benjamin Spock, addressed an audi­ jailing pending the outcome of the Black Gls face, cartoons, poetry, etc. ence of 750 at the University of De­ citizens' investigation, and the removal A Brigade spokesman appeared on troit Feb. 13. Originally scheduled as of police from the Black community. a Durham, N.C., radio talk show Jan. part of a university speakers program, 11 together with a representative of the meeting turned into a rally for 17 University of Detroit students recently arrested for protesting military recruit­ Ne~~~~·.. tEtc:tchers ROTC vote demanded ers on campus. Reosti, one of the at­ end····wal·ko .. u.t torneys for the 17, helped form a mas­ sive defense committee for the 1 7 ~tl'il