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Cornerstones of Community: Building of Portland's African American History

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Cornerstones of Community: Building of Portland's African American History Portland State University PDXScholar Black Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations Black Studies 8-1995 Cornerstones of Community: Buildings of Portland's African American History Darrell Millner Portland State University, [email protected] Carl Abbott Portland State University, [email protected] Cathy Galbraith The Bosco-Milligan Foundation Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/black_studies_fac Part of the United States History Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Millner, Darrell; Abbott, Carl; and Galbraith, Cathy, "Cornerstones of Community: Buildings of Portland's African American History" (1995). Black Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations. 60. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/black_studies_fac/60 This Report is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Black Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. ( CORNERSTONES OF COMMUNITY: BUILDINGS OF PORTLAND'S AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY Rutherford Home (1920) 833 NE Shaver Bosco-Milligan Foundation PO Box 14157 Portland, Oregon 97214 August 1995 CORNERSTONES OF COMMUNITY: BUILDINGS OF PORTLAND'S AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY Dedication This publication is dedicated to the Portland Chapter ofthe NMCP, and to the men and women whose individual histories make up the collective history ofPortland's African American community. Bosco-Milligan Foundation PO Box 14157 Portland, Oregon 97214 August 1995 THE PROJECT TEAM - DR. DARRELL MILLNER, Black Studies, Portland State University - DR. CARL ABBOTT, Urban Studies, Portland State University - DR. QUINTARD TAYLOR History Department, University of Oregon McKINLEY BURT: Community Historian Urban Studies, Black Studies, Portland State University (Retired) - CATHY GALBRAITH: Project Coordinator, Research The Bosco-Milligan Foundation - KIMBERLY MORELAND: Community Coordinator - KRISTEN STALLMAN: Research, Mapping, Production - MARIANNE KADAS: Building Documentation - DIANE AWALT: Production The Bosco-Milligan Foundation COMMUNITY HISTORY COMMITTEE PAULINE BRADFORD BILL HART, AIA ANNE FULTON THERESA BASS LAUREL LYON CHARLOTTE RUTHERFORD ASSISTANCE/ ADDITIONAL INFORMATION - LURLENE SHAMSUD-DIN - JOYCE HARRIS - LULU STROUD JOHNSON - CHARLES MAXEY - TONDA McFERRIAN - EDWARD MERCHANT - NATHAN NICKERSON - ROSADELLE PARKER - CLARA PEOPLES - EDNA PITTMAN - WILLIE RANSON - MEL RENFRO - OTTO and VERDELL RUTHERFORD - ARTIE WILSON VOLUNTEERS - MARIANA O'BRIEN - JANE MORRISON - LARRY DANIEL - CARLTON FULLER i THIS PUBLICATION IS MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF: - THE OREGON STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE and the NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - THE RALPH L. SMITH FOUNDATION - A TERRITORY RESOURCE - THE BOSCO-MILLIGAN FOUNDATION - KODAK and PRO PHOTO SUPPLY, INC. This publication received Federal financial assistance for the identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, age, national origin, sex, or handicap in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of federal assistance, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, PO Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013. The activity that is the subject of this publication has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, as provided through the Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. Department of the Interior. ii INTRODUCTION "Civilization is like a stream with banks. The stream is sometimes filled with blood from people killing, stealing, shouting and doing things historians usually record, while on the banks, unnoticed, people build homes, make love, raise children, sing songs, write poetry and even whittle statues. The story of civilization is the story of what happened on the banks. Historians are pessimists because they ignore the banks for the river." - Will and Ariel Durant The Bosco-Milligan Foundation is proud to present "Cornerstones of Community - The Buildings of Portland's African American History". This publication had its start in February, 1994 when we sponsored a seminar and walking tour at Mt. Olivet Baptist Church to celebrate Black History Month. In the preparation for that program, we knew we had barely scratched the surface in identifying and documenting the buildings associated with African American individuals, institutions, and events throughout Portland's history. The Bosco-Milligan Foundation made a commitment to continue that effort, based on community interest and a collective desire to attempt to fill in important "missing chapters" in Portland and African American history. In the field of historic preservation, buildings truly come to life when their "stories" are told. A house becomes a home when the individuals and families who lived there are identified. Their histories are anything but lifeless. They transcend time as we begin to know, understand, and learn from the experiences of those who came before us. Historic preservation is about neighborhoods and communities, and the history and architecture of buildings. By the 1970s, historic preservation emerged nationally as a community-based movement, in large part a reaction to the tragic losses of vintage buildings and neighborhoods destroyed during the "urban renewal" years. In more recent years, historic preservation has grown to include and recognize the importance of much more than the mansions of wealthy individuals and "founding fathers". The field of historic preservation recognizes that the true history of a community's development must include the people and places of all of the chapters of that history. We have a lot of "catching up" to dot In 1990, my own interest in historic buildings and community history was affected and broadened during a conference presentation by Rev. Kenneth Smith, a theologian, Trustee of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and an African American. Rev. Smith described historic preservation as a way of preserving the dreams iii of the men and women of the past, so that we can understand the present and build our future. He also said: "When people feel left out of history, by design - when their achievements are ignored and left out - they will create enclaves of their own, both healthy and unhealthy, for self affirmation. But when all are involved, they will bring their histories as gifts to the table." When I went on to visit African American historic buildings and sites in other cities and came home to Portland, I asked: "Where are the buildings in Portland's African American history?" This publication is the Bosco-Milligan Foundation's contribution to begin to answer that question. During the course of preparing this publication, I have had the pleasure of working with a tremendous team of many individuals who joined together with the goal of connecting people with places. We wanted to know what houses the African American men and women who, over the decades, collectively achieved great social movements walked out of every day. Within what walls did institutions like the NAACP plan the many battles for equity in education, housing, and economic opportunity? In what church buildings did people find comfort and inspiration? During the course of seeking answers to these questions, many individuals shared with us their own histories, information about places and events, and memories of history as it truly happened. To these individuals, we are all truly grateful. In the effort to prepare this publication, we began to visualize the porches, sidewalks, shops, and streetcar stops that made up the African American community over time. What also became clear is the continued commitment of individuals, families, and institutions who sought to improve their lives and their community despite the formidable obstacles of racism and judgements founded in undisguised discrimination, over many decades. That continuing personal commitment to social justice proved over and over that history is made during the everyday lives of many individuals, who collectively make up a community. "Cornerstones of Community: The Buildings of Portland's African American History" is not intended to replace other history publications. This publication is what historic preservationists call a Context Statement; it is a method of interpreting history about buildings and sites that share a common theme - significance in Portland's African American Community. Documenting history and historic buildings and places is never really finished. We selected 1970 as the date we would work up to, and undoubtedly overlooked many even within that time frame, due to the modest funding and scheduling for our research, documentation, and publication. We welcome any and all corrections and additional information. iv In the effort to identify and document
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