DRAFT MANAGEMENT PLAN 2019 CONTENTS PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION 4

1.1 Purpose of the Hamilton Management Plan

1.2 Planning Context for the Hamilton Gardens Management Plan

2 GOAL – TO CREATE A WORLD CLASS EXPERIENCE 6

2.1 Overview of the Gardens concept

2.2 Promotion of Hamilton Gardens and its Concept

2.3 Achieving World Class Standards

2.4 Funding and Sponsorship

3 GOAL – TO IMPROVE THE CAPACITY AND PRACTICAL OPERATION OF THE HAMILTON GARDENS SITE 11

3.1 Increasing the Capacity of the Gardens

3.2 Access into and through the Gardens

3.3 Facilities and other site Functions

3.4 Other Site challenges and Opportunities

4 GOAL – TO ENHANCE THE VALUE OF HAMILTON GARDENS TO THE LOCAL COMMUNITY 19

4.1 Increasing the Economic Benefit to the local Economy

4.2 Catering for Casual and Community use

4.3 Events and Organised Activities

4.4 Providing an Educational Resource

5 GOAL – TO PROTECT AND SUSTAIN HAMILTON GARDENS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS 22

5.1 Conservation of Natural and Cultural Features

5.2 Security of Park Assets and People

5.3 Preserving Design Integrity

5.4 Responding to Climate Change

5.5 Generating Revenue to offset operating costs

6 APPENDIX 27

6.1 Hamilton Gardens Strategy Summary

6.2 The Garden Plan and Collections

6.3 Schedule of land covered by this Management plan

7 INDEX 40

1 1. INTRODUCTION

The Hamilton Gardens site is made up of areas that were the East Town Belt, the Hamilton East Cemetery, a former Rifle Range Reserve and the site of a closed city rubbish tip. Development of the site began in the 1960s, however the first comprehensive plan was not developed until the 1980s. This is the fourth review of the Hamilton Gardens Reserves Act Management Plan.

1.1 PURPOSE

The Vision of this Plan is to support The Hamilton Gardens Management The previous operative management the creation of a world class garden Plan has been prepared to meet the plan was approved in 2014. Normally a that enhances Hamilton’s reputation, requirements of the Reserves Act (1977). management plan wouldn’t be reviewed economy and quality of life. The plan The Act defines the purpose, general within five years, however the review has defines the strategies, objectives and form and process of public consultation been triggered by three issues. policies for the development, operation, for development and reviews of management and public use of Hamilton Management Plans. It also requires the • The extension of Wairere Drive will Gardens. classification of the reserve to ensure be constructed on land that was management and development are part of the Hamilton Gardens site, appropriate for the classified principal and a small area eastern end of the purpose. The Hamilton Gardens site (see Gardens will become a separate fig ?) is classified as Recreation Reserve, riverside park. The ‘Recreation except for the Hamilton East Cemetery, Reserve’ classification of these which is classified as Local Purpose areas will need to be updated to Reserve- Cemetery. reflect these changes.

Management Plans provide a Link • A new long-term development between Government Legislation, wider plan for the Hamilton Gardens Council plans and policies and detailed has been developed, and some of operational plans and standards specific the proposed projects from the to Hamilton Gardens. This Management plan require amendments to the Plan will influence other planning and Management Plan. management processes. • New options for generating revenue to offset development and operating costs may be explored, including the option to charge an entry fee.

2 1.2 PLANNING CONTEXT FOR THE HAMILTON GARDEN MANAGEMENT PLAN

Treaty of Waitangi 1975 Recognises the Council Plans Bylaws relationship of Hamilton City Open Tangata Whenua Reserves Act Space Plan; Hamilton City Council with their ancestral 1977 Riverside Reserves lands Management Plan Vision, Outcomes Resource Requires the Maori andmarks on Goals Management Act classificati on of all Riverside Reserves – - 1991 reserves defines Nga Tapuwae o Deed of Settlement Promotes the the Reserves Hotumauea; 1995 sustainable Management Plan River Strategy Plan Grants rights management of process (under development); C ity Council of first refusal over natural physical Hamilton East Strategies residual Crown land resources Hamilton West Active Hamilton; Cemeteries Sustainable Hamilton; Deed of Settlement Conservation Plan; Hamilton Arts Agenda; () 2009 Waikato Hamilton Cemeteries Economic Development Agenda; Authorises Plan (under Access Hamilton co-management Regional Policy Statement development); arrangements of the Parks, Domains Waikato River Waikato Regional Plan Reserves Bylaw; catchment, including Dog Control Bylaw its water bodies their banks beds ong-Term Plan Hamilton Proposed Annual Plan Waikato Raupatu River ocal Government Hamilton Gardens District Plan Define resources Trust and Hamilton Amendment Act Master Plan Identifies Hamilton available to City Council Joint 2012 Gardens as “Destination undertake work Places emphasis on Management Open Space” zone. the role of assets to Agreement 2012 The cemetery is zoned deliver a service. Outlines the process “Neighbourhood Reserve ocal community for participation of the Open Space” Waikato Raupatu River management plans consultation Trust in the become more Management Plan development, review, strategic in response submissions; and amendment of a Visitor surveys; reserve management Annual Plan plan covering part of submissions the Waikato River for which Council is the administering body HAMILTON GARDENS

Waikato-Tainui MANAGEMENT Environmental Plan PLAN (Tai Ao)

CREATING A WORLD CLASS GARDEN ENHANCING THE VALUE OF HAMILTON PROTECTING AND SUSTAINING HAMILTON GARDENS TO THE LOCAL COMMUNITY GARDENS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS Hamilton Gardens (HG) Design Statements Provide detail on each garden’s design and Economic Benefit Studies 30 Year Activity Management Plans specialist maintenance requirements Periodically assess the contributions HG makes Covers all structures, reviewed every 3 years to the local economy through visitor spending HG Capital development programme Renewal Compliance Programme Approved through the ong-Term Plan and Parks, Domains and Reserves Bylaw Define ongoing asset maintenance programmes Annual Plan processes Regularly reviewed HG Accession Plan HG Strategic Performance Template On site lease agreements and event booking To manage the Gardens’ taonga collections Define 3 month priorities & 12 month agreements outcomes aligned to Council’s strategic vision HG Design Statements Define standards of maintenance that are HG Annual Marketing plans audited and measured Strategies are reviewed annually HG Garden maintenance schedules Sponsorship strategies Retaining institutional experience and specialist Developed in conunction with other Council expertise for horticultural maintenance proects HG Sustainable Management Plan HG Interpretation Plan Strategies to define and monitor progress Defines visitors needs through surveys & identifies priorities and delivery options HG Carbon Reduction Plan A strategy & options for reaching the 2030 target 3 2. GOAL - TO CREATE A WORLD CLASS GARDEN EXPERIENCE 2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE GARDENS CONCEPT

The Hamilton Gardens has an Having a unique concept gives Hamilton • The ‘Fantasy Garden Collection’ internationally unique concept; Gardens a valuable point of difference focuses on the relationship between the theme of ‘promoting an and appeals to a wide range of people, gardens, fantasy and art. understanding of the context, even those who have not had a previous interest in or gardens. However, • The ‘Productive Garden Collection’ meaning and history of gardens’. examines the relationship between Hamilton Gardens tells the story the validity of the gardens depends on each one having a high level of plants and people. of gardens over the span of human design and historic integrity, within the history and challenge the visitor to • The ‘ Collection’ constraints of budgets and sites. Careful demonstrates different perceptions consider why specific garden types research is required for each garden’s of a garden paradise on earth. developed in the way they did. development, interpretation and on- going maintenance. • The ‘Public Garden Collection’ will include different types of public The timeline in Figure 2 shows how the garden that reflect different historic existing and proposed gardens span the social structures. history of civilisation. The horizontal lines show major movements, cultures or • The ‘Landscape Garden Collection’ traditions, while the vertical lines show will reflect the changing attitudes to where the Hamilton Gardens examples the natural world. sit relative to those. These gardens are arranged in five collections, each with a different theme. Figure 2 PROPOSED Medieval Garden Italian PROPOSED Renaissance PROPOSED PROPOSED Garden Chinoiserie Persian Garden Surrealist Garden Valley Walk Garden PROPOSED Hortus BŽanicus PROPOSED PROPOSED PROPOSED English Landscape Pacifica Garden Modernist Ancient Egyptian PROPOSED Garden Garden Roman Portico Tudor PROPOSED Garden Garden Garden French Garden Modernist Design Medieval Chinoiserie Natural Aesthetic Design Gardens English Renaissance Gardens Advanced Roof Gardens

Ancient Egyptian Gardens Italian Renaissance Gardens Early BŽanic Gardens Surrealist Parterre Gardens Pacific Art Persian Empire Movement

2000BC 1500BC 1000 BC 0 1000 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 100 150 1900 1920 1940 1960 190 2000AD

Vedic Civilisation Mahayana Buddhism Picturesque Garden Tradition Arts & Craƒs Movement New Ecology (Romantic Period) Char Bagh Garden Tradition Conservation Movement Conceptual Chinese Scholar’s Gardens Gardenesque Gardens Muromachi Era Gardens European †tate Kitchen Gardens Early 20th

Pre-European Maaori Horticulture Park Cemetery Century NZ Gardens Baroque Movement Mania UNDER Mansfield Echo Bank DEVELOPMENT Chinese Picturesque Garden Garden Bush PROPOSED Indian Char Vedic Garden Scholar’s Bagh Garden Concept Garden English Garden Te Parapara PROPOSED Garden PROPOSED Dutch Renaissance Garden

Mahayana Sanctuary Garden Hamilton East Garden of Kitchen PROPOSED Contemplation Park Cemetery Bee Meadow PROPOSED Garden

Baroque Theatre Garden Victorian

Flower Garden

4 Other parts of the Hamilton Gardens - The ‘Valley Walk’ that runs up the (outside of the enclosed sections) relate gully remains an example of the POLICY: to the overall theme; 20th century Naturalistic /Aesthetic style using plants indigenous to the Hamilton Gardens will be developed - The ‘Rogers Garden’ has a Hamilton district. as a series of historically significant collection that tells the story of the garden types that collectively promote an development of the modern rose. It - The ‘’ represents a understanding of the context, meaning starts with a collection of species common garden fantasy of creating and history of gardens and includes the stories of garden environments from other Empress Josephine’s Malmaison climatic regions, in this case, roses, Jean Baptiste Guillot and the a tropical themed garden in a first hybrid tea rose and Francis temperate Waikato climate. Meiland and the ‘Peace’ Rose and finishes with the trial beds of the latest modern hybrids being introduced into .

5 2. GOAL - TO CREATE A WORLD CLASS GARDEN EXPERIENCE

2.2 PROMOTION OF HAMILTON GARDENS AND ITS CONCEPT

There are five main aspects to promoting Working in partnership with other SIGNAGE AND INTERPRETATION Hamilton Gardens: organisations such as Hamilton and Waikato Tourism, , Feedback suggests that the more people - Promoting the reputation and and the Hamilton Gardens understand the gardens the more they awareness of Hamilton Gardens, its Cafe will help resources go further and enjoy them. Information for visitors concept and point of difference enable opportunities to leverage off should generally be relevant, easy to other brands and events, particularly understand and presented as part of a - Encouraging people to visit at a local level. Events such as the narrative or story. Hamilton Gardens and promoting Hamilton Gardens Arts Festival attract out of region visitors to stay in the Garden signage is an important part independent sponsorship and support city longer of the visitor experience; however, this while promoting Hamilton Gardens. Work should be balanced against having too has begun on adding value to garden - Interpreting the context, meaning much signage, which could negatively visits by promoting tourist packages to and history of gardens in the context affect the look and feel of the garden. of the themed gardens meet market demand. New technology will be explored to - Developing the business enhance the experience of visitors. opportunities associated with A Hamilton Gardens app is already Hamilton Gardens, such as venue available; however, this is currently hire, tour packages and event restricted by limited mobile and wireless bookings coverage across the site. - Encouraging support and sponsorship for the ongoing development and enhancement of POLICY Hamilton Gardens. Interpretation within Hamilton Gardens will focus on explaining the concept, the gardens an promotion of other local attractions and amenities.

6 2.3 ACHIEVING WORLD CLASS STANDARDS

Achieving a wold class standard involves Design Standards are developed for There are three key aspects to achieving a high level of customer service, quality each garden which specify the standards world class standards for gardens: design, high attention to detail, and of maintenance required. Gardens are - That the Gardens provide the well-maintained spaces. For example, monitored to ensure that minimum experience that people might expect plants should be healthy, structures standards are retained and areas for improvement are identified with the aim of of a world class garden. and hard landscaping should be well constantly improving those standards. maintained, staff are accessible and - That the design of the Gardens helpful, and there should be minimal has been based on research into distractions for visitors. perception studies and a planned, sequential visitor experience.

- Defining, measuring and monitoring quality standards of everything that’s being delivered; from structural maintenance to customer service or satisfaction with the cafe. Hamilton Gardens has a comprehensive range of tools to do this ranging from: contract performance standards, asset management plans, customer service standards to audited specifications and lease agreements.

7 2. GOAL - TO CREATE A WORLD CLASS GARDEN EXPERIENCE

2.4 FUNDING AND SPONSORSHIP

The majority of funding for Hamilton Development priorities set out in the SPONSORSHIP RECOGNITION AND Gardens is determined through previous Management Plan remain MEMORIAL PLAQUES Hamilton City Council’s 10-Year Plan relevant, namely: and Annual Plan process. Over the past Sponsorship valued at more than $1,000 40 years, however, Hamilton Gardens - Completion of the enclosed gardens may be recognised on a low-maintenance has benefited from millions of dollars plaque for the life of the asset being - Catering for increased use: and from the community, including cash sponsored. Sponsor recognition of a sponsorship, gifts in kind and volunteer - Improving standards of presentation specific garden feature should exceed work. Hamilton Gardens has been and customer service. $8,000 in value. Sponsor recognition will recognised nationally and won awards for be confined to a single sponsor plaque its sustained programme of fundraising A number of trusts have been in each garden in an approved location. and community support, particularly established over the years to raise A sponsors’ board recognising recent through the establishment of specialist funds for new gardens and run major major sponsorship more than $100,000 trusts to support the development of events to promote the Gardens. The is displayed in a prominent place in specific gardens. The reason this has Hamilton Gardens Development Trust the Piazza. Permanent recognition of worked well is the aim of each trust has is currently the main trust focused on community groups that have made a aligned with the operative Management raising sponsorship and committed to major contribution to Hamilton Gardens Plan and successive trust boards have supporting the developments proposed are confined to the wall plaques in the been committed to achieving quality and in this plan. Piazza. A major contribution is an asset design integrity. worth at least $200,000. The Friends of Hamilton Gardens is an Before any sponsorship proposal that will incorporated society formed in 1988 Commemorative plaques are limited have a significant impact on operating to provide a key focus for community to people who have had a direct and costs it must be approved by Council. involvement in the Gardens. During continuous association for at least 20 This is because permanent new assets the past 20 years the Friends have years in which they played a leading become Council property and there can raised substantial funding for garden role in achieving something significant be a significant budget impact from development. They have supported for Hamilton Gardens. Any event ongoing maintenance and renewal costs. the specialist trusts and often provide commemorated on a seat should be of the resources to finish off important significance to the history of Hamilton smaller projects. Volunteers from the Gardens. Friends have attended the Information Centre every day since 1994 and take part in other practical projects such as propagating plants for sale. POLICY Commemorative plaques are not permitted except as commemoration of a significant event or person associated with Hamilton Gardens.

Community support and sponsorship for developments will be encouraged and pursued where the development meets the following criteria:

- Appropriate to the concept and policies in this plan;

- Resources are available to meet the ongoing operating, maintenance and renewal costs;

- Standards are high and there are assurances of quality control; and

- The project can be completed, if not all resources are able to be offered initially. 8 3. GOAL – TO IMPROVE THE CAPACITY AND PRACTICAL OPERATION OF THE HAMILTON GARDENS SITE 3.1 INCREASING THE CAPACITY OF THE GARDENS

Visitor numbers during peak periods Other strategies to ease parking At busy times there are blockages at are exceeding the capacity of the congestion include: narrow points like the Char Bagh Garden site. Problems on busy days include passage that could be hazardous in the insufficient parking, traffic congestion, - encouraging people to use the case of an emergency. Heavy use can long queues for the cafe and toilets, and underpass from Hamilton East also damage lawns, paint finishes and overcrowding in the enclosed gardens. plants particularly where people walk on - encouraging Gardens visitors to use These issues negatively affect visitor garden areas. the cycleways and public transport. experience and create potential safety The Waikato Regional Council hazards. Developments to address these A controlled entrance into the Enclosed are currently investigating ways issues and enhance the site have been Gardens is proposed which may mean to improve public transport to the proposed in Hamilton City Council’s 10- visitors queuing if they choose to visit at Gardens. Year Plan. The Concept Plan (opposite peak times. page) and the Access Plan show the Demand for food and beverages can vary An additional toilet block has recently proposed layout of the Gardens. dramatically from day to day. To address been built near the playground, with demand for busy times a pop-up ice Currently vehicle access to the gardens another being built at the western end cream van has been operating near the is through two entrances off Cobham of the Enclosed Gardens. This will bring playground and a permanent satellite Drive. The two main carparks do not join, the total to five public toilets on site, but café is proposed near the Information meaning that some parking areas are other potential sites have been identified Centre. underutilised. Under the proposed layout including one below the Roof Garden all parking will be accessible from both towards the eastern end of the Enclosed vehicle entrances, substantially reducing Gardens. the need for traffic control.

Governor’s Green, replacing the Lawn

9 3. GOAL – TO IMPROVE THE CAPACITY AND PRACTICAL OPERATION OF THE HAMILTON GARDENS SITE

3.2 IMPROVING ACCESS INTO AND THROUGH THE GARDENS

The ‘Land Use Plan’ on the opposite Vehicle access through gates 1 and 2 is The new approach into the Gardens from page shows that, apart from the closed off at night for security (see 5.3 Gate 1 is designed improve aesthetics Municipal Nursery and Cemetery, Security of Assets and People) except for and generating anticipation. The road most of the park is either being evening events. will wind down through New Zealand developed as a passive park (yellow) bush between a pond and a lake to The main service roads for park an attractive carpark surrounded by or enclosed thematic gardens maintenance vehicles are shown in . Access into the Enclosed (green) Enclosed Gardens means orange. These are one of the secrets of Gardens will be over a moat and into a that the area is closed to public Hamilton Gardens in that they provide courtyard. access at night and entry during the vehicle access to most of the Enclosed day is past a controlled access point Gardens but in a manner that is hidden The location and design of internal paths (the enclosing fence line is shown as from public view. This means that service is generally governed by levels of use, the a red line). access is provided without compromising planned hierarchy of paths, requirements the scale, design integrity and enclosure of park service vehicles, site topography The areas of passive park that of each theme garden. The new layout and the planned sequential experience of will remain open at all times also means that service vehicles can each garden area. includes the open lawns, bush easily move from one side of the site to the other. At present they use the Most paths within Hamilton Gardens now walks, destination playground, rose currently meet accessibility standards garden, dog exercise area, carparks, Cobham Drive cycleway which won’t be safe when the cycleway connection is apart from the path up the hill from walkways and cycleways. complete and its use increases. the proposed new carpark to the upper carparks. It’s proposed to regrade this There are two main cycleways running hill path to meet accessibility standards across the Gardens site. (Shown in and, in the process, make it an easier, red). The cycleway running adjacent more attractive garden walk for all Cobham Drive and around the gully will visitors. It is not possible to provide suit commuter cyclists moving quickly grades that meet accessibility standards through the area on every part of the site, and there will always areas where access may be The longer, more scenic, route winding difficult. For example, the gully walks through the gardens may suit the and parts of the Chinese and Japanese recreational cyclists. All bicycles, Gardens. rollerblades, skateboards, scooters and similar devices are excluded from the Enclosed Gardens for safety reasons.

There are four entrances into Hamilton Gardens aside from the gate 1 and 2 vehicle entrances. Pedestrian and cycle access is provided under Cobham Bridge (W) linking Hamilton Gardens to the city’s river walkway system. An underpass just west of Grey Street provides safe access from Hamilton East which should help with parking at peak times. A controlled crossing by Wairere Drive (E) will provide access to Hamilton East and Hillcrest and the river walk south. The river jetty (J) is in the centre of the site so that eventually it will provide an entrance directly into the Enclosed Gardens and access will need to be controlled.

10 WW

1 2 GATE 1 & 2

PEDESTRAIN + CYCLE E W ENTRIES

J JETTY

WAIKATO RIVER U UNDER PASS

MAIN ROADWAY

MAIN PATHWAY J UU CYCLEWAY

SERVICE VEHICLES

FENCE

PASSIVE PARK

22 ENCLOSED THEME GARDENS

COBHAM CAR PARKS

DRIVE EVENT FACILITIES

DOG EXERCISE AREA

PLAYGROUND

TURTLE LAKE OTHER LAND USES

NURSERY

WINTEC FACILITIES

CEMETERY

JJ 11

EE

11 3. GOAL – TO IMPROVE THE CAPACITY AND PRACTICAL OPERATION OF THE HAMILTON GARDENS SITE

3.3 FACILITIES AND OTHER SITE FUNCTIONS

Facilities that support the function of The Hamilton Gardens Café (1) is leased EVENT FACILITIES the Gardens include: by Council to a private operator. The current operator’s lease runs from 2017 Many areas of Hamilton Gardens are used for events ranging from the • Visitor facilities until December 2022. For Hamilton Gourmet in the Gardens and fun-runs Gardens the primary purposes of the • Event facilities to weddings and market stalls. Indoor café are to provide a service to garden • Education facilities facilities specifically designed to cater visitors and to generate an income to for events include the Pavilion (14) with • Other on-site activities offset the Gardens operating costs. its two exhibition halls, seminar room, meeting room and small kitchen. To the There are four public toilet facilities east is the Café facility (1) and in the long VISITOR FACILITIES within Hamilton Gardens and there are term a new conservatory event space is plans to develop at least two more. The proposed along the western side of the The Visitor Centre is the hub of Hamilton playground toilet (5) includes a controlled Lakeside Court (15). When public access Gardens (12). The centre has the entry ‘Changing Places’ facility for no longer runs through that area, the following functions: high dependency people and their care Lakeside Court itself, should become givers. The next toilet to be developed more attractive as an evening event - Provides information about Hamilton will be located at the western end of the space with those surrounding support Gardens; Enclosed Gardens, currently called the facilities. The Hamilton Gardens Pavilion (14) has three primary purposes: Palm Court (7). Over the longer term - Promotes Hamilton Gardens’ another toilet site has been identified at features, other local attractions and - Attracting events complementing and the eastern end of the Enclosed Gardens visitor facilities; promoting Hamilton Gardens. beneath the proposed Roof Garden (8). - Supporting community activities - Generates income through the Another toilet will be required near the through discounted hire rates. sale of merchandise such as guide lower carpark so that travelers don’t books and souvenirs (this function is have to walk too far after arriving. This - Providing an important wet weather explained in more detail in section 5.5) could either be an extension to the back-up for outdoor events that pavilion toilets or a new toilet near (9). enhance the Gardens, such as - Offer a booking service for events outdoor concerts and festivals. held within Hamilton Gardens; The visitor arrival shelter refers to the proposed covered way alongside “The Hamilton Club” pavilion (16) will be - Provide an operations centre for the lower level carpark (11). This will built at the eastern end of the Mansfield public use of the gardens and be where buses and taxis stop, where Garden using proceeds from the sale of Pavilion, particularly during weekends people can be dropped off or wait to be the Hamilton Clubrooms. The pavilion will be closed to the public most of and holidays picked up. Signage will orientate first the time, but it can be hired for events time visitors and perhaps remind them of - Provide a contact centre and a like: social functions, meetings, school other local attractions before leaving. friendly human face for visitors who classes or family functions. It will be have questions or problems designed in character with the Mansfield Garden with basic kitchen facilities. - Encourage cash donations towards garden development; EDUCATION FACILITIES - Hire equipment such as mobility scooters, , chairs and The Wintec Horticultural Education chess pieces. Centre (17) has been Located at Hamilton Gardens since 1985, providing industry training in subjects related to The 2014 Hamilton Gardens management plan signalled a reduction in the lease area for their demonstration yard (18) and this has now been confirmed in a new lease that runs until December 2027.

Further information on the WINTEC partnership and opportunities for school education are covered under section 4.4 ‘Providing an Education Resource’.

12 1 Gardens Café

2 Site for Satellite Café

3 Destination Playground

4 Red Arch Toilets

5 Playground toilet & changing places

6 Toilet in Pavilion

7 Toilet NEAR EGYptian & pacifica gardens

8 Proposed toilet below the roof garden 26 9 Possible Toilet Site

10 Possible Toilet Site

11 Proposed Covered Walkway

12 VISITOR Centre 16 18 13 Lakeside Court 7 5 14 Pavilion

25 15 Lakeside Court Event Space 3 16 The Hamilton Club

17 COBHAM 17 WINTEC Horticultural Centre

DRIVE 18 WINTEC Demonstration Yard 6 9 19 Girl Guides Hall 14 15 11 20 Municipal Nursery 12 21 Caretakers House 2 13 22 Stationmaster’s House 4 1 TURTLE LAKE 23 Jetty 20 24 Mulch Yard 21 25 Park Maintenance Centre

26 GovernOr’s green 24 23

8

22 19

10

13 3. GOAL – TO IMPROVE THE CAPACITY AND PRACTICAL OPERATION OF THE HAMILTON GARDENS SITE

OTHER ON-SITE ACTIVITIES NEW LEASES

Over the past 40 years Council has New leases and lease reviews are Licenses to Occupy are generally given gradually relocated facilities within subject to relevant Council policy and for shorter periods than a lease and they Hamilton Gardens that are not related to the procedures required by the Reserves do not give exclusive rights over a defined the garden theme. These have included Act [1977) and the Guides and Policies in area. They must also be advertised for netball courts and clubrooms, dog the Exercise of the Reserves Act, No. 2 - public comment following the Reserves dosing strip, Go Kart track, Boy Scouts Leasing of Reserves and Other Rights of Act public consultation procedure and Hall, the Royal Air Force Association Occupation [1978). they must be compatible with the policies Clubrooms and the Sillary Street Indoor and plans of this Management Plan. Bowling Club Hall. The only activity still No major new leases are currently For example, a five-year licence to use on site that is not directly related to the foreseen in the term of this plan. Any the Hamilton Gardens Jetty (23) for a Gardens operation is the Girl Guides Hall new leases may be considered where: commercial boat operation. on the corner of Hungerford Crescent - The activity is clearly complementary (19). Since the first 1980 Management and supports the policy of this plan Plan there has been a stated intent and does not compromise proposed to relocate this activity, but it isn’t or potential garden development, interfering with any garden development or the aesthetic values of Hamilton so there is no urgency in negotiating POLICY Gardens; a relocation. Their current lease runs Leases will be restricted to building sites from 01 September 2018 to 31 December - The proposed activity demonstrates only except where additional areas are 2027. economic viability and provides essential to the function for the leased assurance that resources will be purpose. Renewal of leases and the issue The Municipal Nursery (20) is on the site available for reinstatement work if the of licences will only be considered where of an old commercial nursery that had venture fails; they clearly meet the needs of garden operated here since about 1914. While it users, relate to the overall garden theme is located on reserve land it is managed - It is not appropriate for Council to and comply with the Reserves Act [1977). separately from Hamilton Gardens provide or operate such a facility; producing and dispatching plants for all city parks including all the plants for - The potential lessee needs some Hamilton Gardens. security for a long-term investment and exclusive rights over a defined Two residences are located within area for a long period. Hamilton Gardens. One is in the Municipal Nursery (21) and the old Stationmaster’s house adjacent to the Hamilton East Cemetery (22). The Stationmaster’s House was built in 1898 and relocated to the Gardens from its original site in Frankton in 1984. It is proposed that the house is moved to become the central feature of the Farm Garden.

14 3.4 OTHER SITE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Although the Hamilton Gardens is Any development, contouring or The Turtle Lake Carpark (accessed located on an outstanding site, it substantial change above the 1974 by entrance 1) sits on an historic also has significant challenges. It Landfill site will require further consents. landfill site. As a result, the land has has been fragmented by existing Apart from the parking areas, the cap subsidence issues and requires a land uses including the nursery, generally consists of about 700mm of high level of maintenance. Options to sand and silt soils. There are seven manage these issues may be addressed carparks, the landform and the criteria to be met in the management of by the relocation of the carpark and Hamilton East Cemetery. It includes this cap: the development of garden areas as the Gully and River Protection proposed in the Development Plan. Zones, it is a Waahi Tapu site and - The aim is to maintain a minimum of because of the refuse fill, it is 700mm cover over the refuse; A city water main supplying water to classed as having contaminated the eastside of Hamilton runs through - Any exposed refuse should be soils. the site. As a result, truck access covered, or the area fenced off from must be maintained to the river edge. public access until an appropriate The mains are halfway through their CONTAMINATED AREAS cover can be laid; expected lifespan and will be replaced (or relocated) with the next 30-50 years. For many years the lower area of - The design and construction of Hamilton Gardens was a sand quarry. any future drainage infrastructure Trucks returning to get a load of sand can accommodate design storms, often brought unwanted material from settlement and leachate and gas work sites such as: logs, asphalt, corrosion; clay and concrete. As a result, there is unpredictable fill material spread - There must be adequate storm over most of the lower area creating water control measures to prevent foundation challenges. A three-hectare exposure of refuse through erosion portion of that area was a gully which or excessive ponding or water ingress was used for household refuse disposal into the landfill which will cause the in 1973 and 1974. The rubbish fill ranges formation of leachate; in depth between 2m to 9m. The landfill - The surface should be regularly is monitored for gas and Leachate and inspected for distressed vegetation, is now regarded as a stable landfill site. cap cracking, significant settlement The Resource Management Act [1991] and ponding. Any cracks in the cap requires closed landfills to have resource must be repaired by filling; consents that promote sustainable management practices. Management of - No fires are permitted on the surface; this Landfill is outlined in the Hamilton City Council Cobham Drive Closed - Any site development relating to Landfill Aftercare Management Plan. park activities must consider other requirements of the Hamilton City Council Development Manual.

15 THE WAIKATO RIVER River Joint Management Agreement between Hamilton City Council and The Waikato River is an outstanding Waikato-Tainui, provide the basis for natural asset for Hamilton Gardens consultation and partnership in regards and, in terms of urban riverscapes, it is to any river use or riverside development. considered world class. The Waikato- The process for participation as outlined Tainui Environment Plan emphasises in the Joint Management Agreement has the importance of the Waikato River as been followed in the development of this a tupuna [ancestor) which has mana management plan. [prestige) and in turn represents the mana and mauri [life force) of the iwi. While more river vistas can be opened from the riverside gardens and river The 2003 Plan Nga Tapuwae 0 walks, the need to retain riverbank Hotumauea: Maori Landmarks on stability with planting means that without Riverside Reserves outlines principles extensive retaining structures most river for the management of 17 historic pa views will be framed vistas rather than sites Located within riverside reserves, wide panoramas. Riverside gardens including the Ngati Wairere Te can be designed so the river will be Parapara Pa which was located on the presented in different ways, at different Hamilton Gardens site. The cultural heights and discovered when entering status of the river to local hapu has the various gardens. been recognised in the 2009 Waikato- Tainui and Crown Deed of Settlement The higher riverbanks at the eastern end which requires joint management of of Hamilton Gardens are on a formation the Waikato River and its riverbanks called the Walton subgroup which is to restore and protect its health and relatively stable, but the riverbanks well-being for future generations. These in the center and western end have a documents, particularly the Waikato sandy substrate which is susceptible to slips and erosion. Several metres of POLICIES: riverbank have been lost in the Chinese, Modernist and Renaissance garden River views will be opened where sections just in the last decade. The this does not compromise riverbank problem is increased by fluctuating river stability. Opportunities will be sought to levels and the likelihood that the river preserve and increase tree groups on the bed will continue to degrade because riverbank opposite Hamilton Gardens. the Karapiro Dam is cutting off sediment supply. Strategies to maintain riverbank stability included maintaining vegetation Further development of the riverbank cover on steep banks, progressive or stream will be undertaken in replacement planting, removal of large consultation with Waikato- Tainui unstable trees, control of storm water through the consenting processes discharge, confining public access specified in the Joint River Management across banks and the establishment of Agreement, as well as with Waikato appropriate ecotone planting within river Regional Council. margins.

The tree framework on the banks and river terraces opposite the western Management of the Land over the 1974 end of the site form a backdrop for landfill site will retain the integrity of many views within Hamilton Gardens the landfill cap in accordance with the and contribute quite significantly to the Aftercare Management Plan for the site. total Hamilton Gardens character. It is important for these tree groups to be retained and extended to conceal the proposed road south from Cobham Bridge and residential development south of the Glenview Club.

16 4. GOAL – TO ENHANCE THE VALUE OF HAMILTON GARDENS TO THE LOCAL COMMUNITY 4.1 INCREASING THE ECONOMIC BENEFIT TO THE LOCAL ECONOMY

Hamilton Gardens has a positive The strategic challenge is to increase - A high-quality café or restaurant effect on Hamilton’s economy. There this economic benefit by attracting more - enhanced interpretation to really is a direct economic benefit from out-of-region visitors and encouraging engage the visitor. out-of- district visitor spending, them to stay longer. Industry knowledge suggests that if tourists can be engaged and the gardens contribute to the - Partnerships with other local for three to four hours, they are more reputation of Hamilton as a city. attractions and accommodation likely to stay overnight and increase their providers to offer packages to spending on accommodation, meals, Surveys and studies indicate that promote longer stays in the city. For shopping and entertainment. Currently investment in Hamilton Gardens example, a package involving garden the average length of stay stays an produces a very good rate of return to the tours, morning tea, a trip on the average two hours in Hamilton Gardens. local economy. The local visitor industry river and a visit to the Waikato Art is worth $1.5 billion and at present Five strategies are being developed to Museum. Hamilton Gardens is the most popular address this opportunity: visitor attraction in the city. Surveys - Events within the Gardens targeting suggest that about third of the 1.1 million - Experience in large, high-quality tour groups. For example, an on-site visitors to Hamilton Gardens each year gardens overseas suggests that as garden tour combined with a New are local, a third are domestic visitors the full development of Hamilton Zealand wine lecture and a cooking from outside the Waikato and a third are Gardens nears completion it is demonstration. international tourists. 74 percent of out- likely more visitors will stay longer of-district visitors surveyed indicated that than they do currently-leading to Hamilton Gardens was either the sole additional economic benefits reason or the significant reason for their stop-over in Hamilton. 4.2 CATERING FOR CASUAL COMMUNITY USE

Annual Residents Surveys over the the ongoing development of Hamilton - The other area where dogs are years have shown around 85 per Gardens long term plan, there will be a excluded is the smaller Enclosed cent of Hamilton residents have change to the Dog Control Bylaw. Gardens which will eventually all be visited at least once in the last year. accessed through the Information - The large grassed area alongside Centre. The concept plan for Hamilton Gardens Hungerford Crescent will become the shows that a lot of the area alongside off-lead dog exercise area and it is - In the other passive park areas along Cobham Drive, which was the old planned to enclose this with a fence the northern side of the park, dogs town belt, will remain as open lawns for dogs who are not always obedient are permitted on a lead. and bush walks and dog exercise area when called. There will be another complemented by the cycleways, a off-lead dog exercise area on the flat destination playground, toilets and riverside area below the Rogers Rose the Rogers . Once the Garden for dogs that like to swim. POLICY: Rhododendron Lawn has been developed - Under the Hamilton City Cemeteries Dogs will be managed in accordance the ‘Governors Green’ can be used for and Crematorium Bylaw “no dogs with the Dog Control Bylaw which informal sports and other community or other animals are allowed in the requires dogs to be on leads other activities, that currently use the cemetery unless a guide dog or than in designated Dog Exercise Areas Rhododendron lawn. hearing ear dog, or a dog kept by the where they may be exercised free of Police or any constable, an officer restraint. Dogs are not permitted DOG EXERCISE AREAS of the Customs Department or the within the Enclosed Sector or Hamilton Ministry of Defence”. East Cemetery than in designated Dog The Dog Control Bylaw requires dog Exercise Areas where they may be owners to have their dog under control exercised free of restraint. Dogs are not and to avoid the animals becoming a permitted within the Enclosed Sector or nuisance to other park visitors. With Hamilton East Cemetery.

17 4. GOAL – TO ENHANCE THE VALUE OF HAMILTON GARDENS TO THE LOCAL COMMUNITY 4.3 EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES

Hamilton Gardens has become one of In assessing the desirability of a Hire and bond costs for outdoor areas the most frequently used event venues in discretionary event within Hamilton vary with the type of event, the event’s the city, and most events are organised Gardens, the following issues are commercial nature, and potential for by and for the local community. The considered: damage and disruption. The event diverse range of events contributes to may also be required to pay additional the life of the city and provides vibrancy - Location, duration and time of day; costs or a traffic management plan or a and public awareness about the gardens. safety plan., such as extended security - Compatibility with Management Plan Occasionally, however outdoor events can patrols. General hire charges are set by policy; block access, cause damage, or disrupt Council in each Annual Plan. At present the peaceful escape that casual visitors - Legal requirements [e.g. bylaws, the high banks surrounding the lower and tourists may be seeking. At times on- site lease obligations, safety gardens are effective at reducing noise there are multiple events occurring at plans, NZTA Management Plans, from events for residents. The control the same time and these can conflict Reserves Act, Hamilton District Plan, of unreasonably noisy events on parks with each other. For these reasons it is operator’s licence, liquor licence]; is administered by Council through critical there is some control and criteria legislation, the District Plan and other around why, when and where events are - Characteristics of the event, such Council policies. held and how they are managed. as whether it is a public or private event, numbers of people, temporary Currently outdoor events held in There are two categories of organised structures or services that may Hamilton Gardens are not given exclusive outdoor event in Hamilton Gardens; be required, whether the event is use of an area, however exceptions may controlled events and discretionary for commercial gain or charitable be made for special outdoor theatrical or events. benefit; musical performance financially viable. Exclusive use would be available for Controlled events are generally - Precedence set for future requests; other events if organisers were prepared permitted, but a booking is required for to pay for this privilege, such as a - Disruption to other park visitors and a specific time and site within Hamilton corporate function. The disadvantage of other booked events. This includes Gardens. The booking process usually this is tourists who are only staying for a disruption from noise or disruption gives the event organiser some certainty limited period may lose the opportunity to access and tolerance levels vary of venue availability but not exclusive to experience a garden. use. The process helps park managers depending on the proposed location avoid conflicts in use, provides them within the site; Several the gardens and open spaces, with an opportunity to make users aware such as the Jade Garden, - Compatibility with the garden setting of any restrictions or conditions, and the English or the and garden themes and the potential any damage is covered with a bond. Mansfield Garden have been designed to offend cultural or spiritual beliefs Examples of controlled events include to accommodate performances. Future relating to certain garden areas; weddings, free performances, corporate developments could include to even out picnics and team building activities. - Impact on the asset, the potential the landform at the lower end of the for damage, wear and tear and other Farm Garden to create an Amphitheatre Discretionary events may: hidden costs, and opportunities for the large concerts that usually form part of the Hamilton Gardens Arts - Require exclusive use of an outdoor available to mitigate any adverse Festival. area, for example a paid entry effects; outdoor concert; - Safety and security considerations - Have a significant impact on park including the security of other assets assets and other park users, such as and the safety of other park users; POLICY: an event with amplified sound; - Capacity of the venue, for example Outdoor events will be permitted and encouraged within Hamilton Gardens - Require special permission or parking, power supply, wet weather with consideration given to possible consents, such as a food stall, or an alternative; disruption to other park visitors, the event held outside normal opening - The availability of more appropriate impact on asset maintenance and hours. alternative venues or park facilities compliance with booking conditions. - Discretionary events may be declined. elsewhere in the city; Commercial events may be permitted Approved events will often be subject where they enhance public use of the - Potential benefit to Hamilton Gardens to further approvals and consents park. and the city such as city promotion, such as public notification of a or garden interpretation. Exclusive use may be granted to a closure of a section of the reserve, specific outdoor area to generate fireworks consent or a site safety revenue or support an appropriate plan. artistic event. 18 4.4 PROVIDING AN EDUCATION RESOURCE

Education groups involved in WINTEC A range of strategies has been Hamilton Gardens have included jointly identified to achieve this goal The Wintec Horticultural Education schools, tertiary institutions, including: making more use of on-site Centre (HEC) has been Located at specialist clubs and other assets and Gardens staff expertise, Hamilton Gardens since 1987, providing educational tours. The opportunities forming partnerships, rationalizing the industry training in subjects related duplication of resources, reviewing the to increase educational use of to horticulture including amenity curriculum offer, increased promotion, the site have been limited by the horticulture, , landscape developing options where the student resources available. design, and various block courses. The can continue to earn and securing more location was chosen to provide students scholarships. with an on-site practical teaching Currently teachers are expected to resource and a mutually beneficial Educational facilities have also been prepare their own resources, however partnership with Council. covered under 3.3 ‘Facilities and other Hamilton Gardens is starting to develop site functions’. Staff at the HEC and Hamilton Gardens material to support education. hope that the Centre can capitalize on Links will be fostered with tertiary its location within Hamilton Gardens to institutions including polytechnics, become a ‘national centre of excellence in amenity horticulture’. Indicators for universities and scientific organisations POLICY: involving education programmes this might include: and research to benefit the Gardens. Educational opportunities associated - students from outside the region and Hamilton Gardens has played a role in with Hamilton Gardens will be developed from overseas enrolling to study at parks industry training through staff and promoted including school, tertiary, HEC, training programmes, on-site seminars industry and community education. and conferences and staff presenting - the HEC would offer the highest level Where possible this will be done in papers at conferences. There is also of practical amenity horticulture partnership with others. some involvement with garden hobbyist training available within the NZ groups including combined seminars and curriculum with additional features demonstrations. not available from other providers The Wintec Horticulture School will be encouraged to continue and enhance - Industry and community recognition their involvement in Hamilton Gardens. of the high quality programmes as indicated by their feedback, surveys and graduates being highly sort after for employment.

19 5. GOAL – TO PROTECT AND SUSTAIN HAMILTON GARDENS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS 5.1 CONSERVATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES

NATURAL FEATURES CONTROL OF PEST SPECIES CULTURAL FEATURES

The remnant bush on the steep Control of pest species, such as rabbits, The Hamilton Gardens was developed riverbanks below the Hamilton East wild cats, mustelids, rats, magpies and on the site of what was a significant Cemetery is one of the district’s more possums are an ongoing challenge for Pre-European settlement, Te Parapara significant original Waikato seed the Hamilton Gardens. Pest control is - the home of the famous Ngati Wairere sources. This stretch of riverbank, increased around biodiversity hotspots cheif Haanui. Te Parapara was renowned referred to as Echo Bank Bush, is and increased during certain times, such as the site of sacred rituals associated managed as an important natural feature as when Tui are nesting. Control of pests with the harvesting of food , and of Hamilton Gardens. Management of is planned as part of a wider strategy there was a Tuahu or sacred alter on this flora will follow the policy in the for riverside reserves based on the Pest site associated with this. The land was Riverside Reserves Management Plan. Management Strategy prepared by the appropriated by the Crown in the 1860s This includes control and removal of all Waikato Regional Council. and put to strategic use as the Narrows exotic plants, additional planting using Redoubt and town rifle range. In 1879 only eco-sourced species propagated The use of residual chemicals is being the area of west of the town belt was from local plants, management of the reduced through the gradual introduction declared domain land and handed over bush so it becomes a self-sustaining of a more integrated pest management to the Hamilton East Domain Board. The unit and public access confined to paths strategy aiming to increase reliance on Borough lost control of the domain lands and boardwalks to avoid damage. The biological control. However, in Hamilton’s in the early 20th Century, and the area long-term plan is to continue to warm humid climate, collections such was used for various other purposes. up the area above Echo Bank Bush with as the massed hybrid rose display This included a sand quarry over the plants indigenous to the Hamilton area, and rhododendron borders mean that lower rea which resulted in the loss of preferably from seed sourced on these chemical control will be required for the any remains of Te Parapara. The Council remnant riverbanks. foreseeable future. To minimise negative purchased the old rifle range land from effects, preference is given to non-toxic the Crown in 1957 and its status changed Hamilton Gardens as an important substances where there is no effective from domain land to reserve land. natural link in the river wildlife corridor form of cultural or biological control. through the city. Annual planting Evaluation of alternatives to inorganic, The significance of the area as Ngati programmes aim to increase the residual chemical pest control will be Wairere ancestral land is outlined in diversity of , seed and nectar plants continued. the Waikato-Tainui Environmental Plan. to provide a continuity of seasonal food This recognises cultural traditions supply for birds. Vegetation overhanging of protecting the land, the historic ponds and the lake and river margins associations and taonga. The physical are particularly effective in encouraging focus for this recognition has been the insects for birds and bats, as well as highly significant Te Parapara Garden providing a refuge for water fowl and fish. which includes references to the area’s Further development of the Valley Walk, cultural heritage, including the figures will feature plants native to the Waikato of notable historic identities and other district. carvings specific to this district.

Notable natural fauna within the There are few remains of the early gardens includes a local long-tailed European settlement of the area bat population and several ‘bat roosts’ including the Narrows Redoubt at the has been installed for them. Trees that eastern end of the site and an earthen need to be removed (usually for safety fence probably created by the early Irish reasons) are assessed for the presence community of Hamilton East who grazed of bats before they are felled. Some of the area. the more isolated riverbanks feature glow worms and the ponds and lake have Long Fin Eels. Recently more planting such as nettles has been undertaken to encourage native butterflies.

20 Many of the settlers and prominent citizens of early Hamilton were buried POLICIES in the Hamilton East Cemetery from 1866. The cemetery was closed for Park management will seek to conserve burials in 1957 other than for reserved ecological features, such as remnant plots and ashes interments. Since 1979 indigenous flora on the riverbanks, bird, Council has integrated the maintenance bat, and butterfly populations and rare of the Hamilton East Cemetery into native and exotic plants. Hamilton Gardens. Work will retain Invasive and noxious flora and fauna will the historic integrity of the site while be controlled or removed, and staff will improving the aesthetic appeal through continue to work with other agencies to appropriate planting. All aspects of improve pest control throughout the site. burial and memorialisation remain the responsibility of the Cemetery and Park management will recognise the Crematorium staff. significant cultural heritage of this site and work alongside iwi when developing Many smaller features within Hamilton management practices. Gardens are also significant, like the old Baptist Church cupola on top of Institutional knowledge relevant to the Pavilion. Because of their intrinsic Hamilton Gardens, as well as historic value and cultural associations, features site features and associations, including such as the Japanese Pavilion, Russian taonga, will be appropriately conserved Bell Tower and the Earth Blanket under an accession plan. sculpture are likely to increase in cultural significance over time. These diverse elements must be maintained appropriately, and professional advice is sought where needed.

Members of the Friends of Hamilton Garden have been systematically collecting, recording and filing information and material that will become historically important.

Eventually an accession plan should be developed to:

- Record the history and inventory of taonga items and important institutional memory;

- Ensure preservation and appropriate maintenance of items;

- Generate, record and archive interpretive information;

- Provide assurance to those who have made a gift and record any commitments made to the donor;

- Define an acquisition and disposal procedure.

21 5. GOAL – TO PROTECT AND SUSTAIN HAMILTON GARDENS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS

5.2 SECURITY OF PARK ASSETS AND PEOPLE

Hamilton Gardens has had a good access beyond these main paths is Eventually it is proposed to increase the personal safety record with a discouraged with little permanent area of the Enclosed Sector with fencing, continued staff presence and strong lighting. Event facilities have been utilising Turtle Lake and the river as sense of ownership. The personal grouped together near the proposed barriers. At some points, access up from safety of staff and visitors is main carpark where it should be possible the river will need to be closed off at to provide plenty of lighting. Eventually night. certainly important for the Gardens having a single accessway in to the because a single incident can event facilities surrounding the Lakeside give the Gardens an unwarranted Court should also make the area safer. negative reputation, particularly The principles of Crime Prevention POLICY: in sensitive international tourist through Environmental Design (CPTED) Different forms of security will be used markets. can minimise risk. For example, having to safeguard park assets. The Enclosed open clear sightlines to key areas Apart from festival events or events Gardens which accommodates the more such as car parks, the playground and in the Pavilion and restaurant, access vulnerable garden features will be closed toilet entrances. Free public Wi-Fi is into Hamilton Gardens is discouraged and alarmed at night. also limited to between 8am and 8pm at night. Night time vehicle barriers to discourage night visits to Hamilton restricting vehicle entry operate between Where practical, consideration will be Gardens. 9.30pm and 6am reduce the incidence of given to improving the safety of park night time damage and theft. A security fence with a controlled entry visitors and their property through park points protects the Enclosed Gardens management, design and technology. Entrance roads, car parks and paths which have many elements susceptible Park lighting will be provided only in that lead to facilities regularly used at to damage and theft. The Enclosed those areas promoted as available to the night are lit at least to the standard for Gardens are closed at night and alarmed public at night. parks required by the NZS 6701 :1983, with motion sensors that set off alarms Code of Practice for Road Lighting. In alerting the monitoring centre and an keeping with the Safe Cities philosophy, on-site guard.

22 5.3 PRESERVING DESIGN INTEGRITY

For the Hamilton Gardens concept to The thematic zones cover most of the be successful each garden needs to site and it is important that incongruous have a high level of design authenticity, or inappropriate elements are not so each garden development is introduced to distract from each garden’s extensively researched to achieve this. theme. In some gardens, new additions Maintenance plans are formulated with can be tested against historic styles, in an understanding of the design intent. others the concept itself provides the For example, most of the significant lead. rocks in the Japanese Garden of Contemplation have a traditional name Each garden will require design and a relationship to one another. There authenticity and will need to be visually are different zones within the garden screened from its neighbours. The POLICIES: dictating the types of plants that can be Design Statements also specify views Design and maintenance, including used. There are also the traditional rules which need to be kept open. The structures and artwork, will preserve the that have defined key elements of the management of these views is a long- thematic integrity of each garden area. layout. This type of information is being term strategy involving tree growth, the Screening will be maintained between recorded in ‘Design Statements’ that will anticipation of future views, emphasis themed gardens. eventually cover each garden zone. These and composition of views, emphasis of Design Statements have six primary particular features, space modulation functions: and the planned progressive sequence of views. With overplanting in some areas Plant collections and successional - Providing an overview of the design this may mean the removal of some planting will support each area’s design concept; mature trees. theme and plant labels will be used where appropriate to the theme - Outlining the specific maintenance Preserving some open, sweeping spaces requirements of each garden; is important to provide the Gardens with a grand public scale, to allow groups - Specifying the optimum maintenance of trees to be fully appreciated, to help standards; with visitor orientation, to give depth to some views and to provide a contrast to - Recording relevant institutional the smaller enclosed garden features. memory such as how a garden was Different areas will also require planting developed; and development of a different scale. - Providing technical information, such For example, the open sweeping lawns as paint colours; along the Cobham Drive frontage provide an appropriate grand scale appreciated - Providing references to further from moving cars. relevant information, such as reference books.

23 5. GOAL – TO PROTECT AND SUSTAIN HAMILTON GARDENS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS

5.4 RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE

The direct impact of climate SUSTAINABILITY change on Hamilton Gardens is Offsetting uses like gas ovens in the Hamilton Gardens has a number of not quantifiable, however it is café, and indirect emissions from road sustainable management strategies in likely that changes will affect the transport and products purchased place and received the highest ranked range of plant pathogens, possibly like plastic planter bags and nitrogen gold award from the Qualmark audits fertilizer will be a much bigger challenge. requiring different controls. The for its sustainable practices. Hamilton To address this the possibility of a micro range of plants growing at the Gardens has signed The New Zealand grid, small turbines on the stream Gardens may have to change and Tourism Sustainability Commitment running through the Gardens are being some the ornamental plants might which aims to see every New Zealand investigated along with other options like even become weeds. More frequent, tourism business committed to solar panels on the maintenance barns. long dry summers experienced sustainability by 2025. over the past decade are thought The other parts to the carbon reduction Hamilton Gardens is planning to become to be responsible for the loss of plan include: waste minimisation, ‘carbon neutral’ by 2030 through plants. Some species in may need recycling, energy efficiencies and the a carbon reduction plan. An initial review of operating procedures. to be replaced with drought tolerant assessment indicated that the Gardens species. currently use around 122 tonnes of carbon arising from direct fuel use each As more gardens are developed, water year. saving strategies, such as capturing POLICY stormwater runoff, will need to be It is proposed to make Hamilton Gardens utilised. carbon neutral by 2030.

5.5 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

The Reserves Act allows for The Reserves Act also allows for reserve commercial activities that support administrators to set a reasonable POLICY the public’s use and enjoyment entry fee to recreation reserves, and the of reserves. The Council may Council may decide to set an admission Council may decide to introduce or investigate opportunities to fee to non-Hamilton residents to offset trial an entry charge into the Enclosed future development costs. generate revenue to offset operating Gardens for non-Hamilton residents. costs without compromising the There is also an opportunity to package The retail store will sell good quality integrity of the Gardens. This services including services and merchandise that is in line with the includes commercial activities amenities beyond the Gardens site. For Garden themes. that enhance visitor experience example: a tour and lunch in the Gardens for visitors, such as guided tours, combined with a boat trip to see an entertainment, high quality exhibition in the Waikato Museum and souvenirs, behind-the-scenes tours even accommodation. or food and beverage.

24 6. APPENDIX

6.1 HAMILTON GARDENS STRATEGY SUMMARY

VISION: TO CREATE A WORLD CLASS GARDEN THAT ENHANCES HAMILTON’S REPUTATION, ECONOMY AND QUALITY OF LIFE

To improve the capacity and To enhance the value of To protect and sustain To create a world class practical operation of the Hamilton Gardens to the Hamilton Gardens for GOALS: garden experience Hamilton Gardens site local community future generations What does Hamilton Gardens is There is sufficient parking The majority of out of region The site’s cultural and historic recognised as one of the for events with all parking visitors to Hamilton Gardens assets are maintained and long term world’s great gardens by accessible from both entrances. stay in the city overnight interpreted appropriately. success visitor industry. As a result, parking wardens generating an economic are rarely required and the benefit to the local economy of Ecological features of the site look like? The momentum of traffic flow on Cobham Drive is at least $50 million p.a. are conserved, particularly development of new gardens not disrupted. remnant indigenous flora and is maintained so that within Hamilton Gardens promotes fauna. the next thirty years all the More garden visitors use public the city’s reputation proposed gardens have been transport, the boat service and and supports other city The operation of Hamilton completed to tell the full story the cycleways that run through organisations that attract Gardens becomes carbon of gardens the Gardens. events and visitors. neutral by 2030. The integrity of the Gardens The Garden facilities can cope Hamilton Gardens is well used There is sufficient security concept and each garden is with peak times use and access by the local community for to ensure the safety of park retained with inappropriate through the theme gardens is informal recreation activities assets, staff and visitors. details or interpretation not congested. like; walking the dog, cycling The design integrity of each avoided or children’s play. Most accessways through the garden is maintained and Interpretation is of a standard gardens meet accessibility A wide range of community appreciated. that matches best practice standards. events continue to be held that Links are fostered with in museums and similar enhance the Gardens, rather Maintenance vehicles are able universities and similar facilities than detract from the peaceful overseas institutions that have to cross the park without using garden environment. The standard of maintenance the Cobham Drive cycleway. programmes that complement in Hamilton Gardens is in Hamilton Gardens becomes Hamilton Gardens. The expanded area of theme keeping with other world a valuable resource for local Revenue and sponsorship is class gardens. gardens is enclosed to protect schools with resource material the more sensitive assets. generated to offset operating for a range of subjects. and development costs without More advantage is taken of the The on-site WINTEC compromising the garden’s river with gardens created right Horticultural Education Centre experience. along the river frontage. becomes a national center The structural integrity of of excellence in amenity the city water mains, steep horticulture. riverbanks and the cap over An enclosed dog exercise the old rubbish dump are area is created alongside maintained. Hungerford Crescent. Priority Development of the The new parking layout Out of region visitors are There is a long-term asset Picturesque Garden, is developed linking both encouraged to stay in the area management programme in work Surrealist Garden, Ancient entrances and the bus access is longer through: further on-site place areas Egyptian Garden, Medieval also improved. engagement and promotion Garden, Pacifica Garden and of other local attractions and An accession plan is developed . The upper and lower cycleway amenities. to record and manage cultural links through the Gardens, and historic assets on site. The international reputation are completed and pedestrian More educational resources and mystique of Hamilton access to the upper carparks are developed to interpret the A conservation plan is Gardens is promoted. re-graded to meet accessibility Gardens and add value to the developed for the Te Parapara standards. schools that already visit. Garden. Ongoing improvements are made to the interpretation A new area like the A pavilion is developed at the Revenue is increased from of the gardens with an initial Rhododendron Lawn is created western end of the Enclosed venue hire, retail sales and emphasis on the use of new to accommodate all the Gardens specifically for events services that add value to technology and engagement activities that currently use that and school classes. people’s visits or events. with specific individual lawn. Landscape Design Statements interests. On site events are managed to An additional shed is acquired reduce conflict with other park are prepared for each garden for storing maintenance users and damage to assets. to record the design intent vehicles. and specialist maintenance requirements. A more attractive and intriguing entrance is created. Sustainable management practices are continually A new satellite café is in improved to minimise waste operation at peak times. and and environment impacts. ongoing improvements made to the main café. A plan is developed that identifies strategies to reduce Another toilet is developed at Hamilton Gardens carbon the western end of the Enclosed footprint Gardens along with an event pavilion to meet a current need. The information Centre is expanded, and interpretation expanded. 25 26 6. APPENDIX 6.2 GARDEN COLLECTIONS

FANTASY GARDEN COLLECTION

A collection of gardens featuring the different genres of garden fantasy that have transcended different cultures, inspiring most garden design innovation. Each also has a direct relationship to one of the arts. These arts are deliberately diverse: medieval poetry, Celtic decorative arts, theatre, classical opera, Chinese ceramics, surrealist art, modern literature and conceptual art. The courtyards between the gardens in this collection refer to the arts of: science fiction, children’s literature, expressionist art and film.

27 UNDER A.1 MEDIEVAL COURTYARD GARDEN DEVELOPMENT Most European medieval and early renaissance gardens were inspired by a very influential French poem call ‘Roman de la Rose and a 9th century poem called ‘Hortulus’ or Liber de Cultura Hortorum. This recreation of a 13th century courtyard garden would typically include reference to the poem and various Christian symbols.

A cloistered courtyard will feature: grafted fruit trees, turf benches, collections of , a ‘flowery mead’ and the central fountain. In the far corner a window will provide a glimpse of the contrasting form of the minimalist monastic garden.

EXISTING A.2 TUDOR GARDEN An inspiration for 16th Century English renaissance gardens were the patterns of Celtic knots, monastic book illustrations and their contemporary decorative arts such as embroidered textiles. One of the best-known patterns has been recreated in this .

Other typical features incorporated into this garden are the raised gallery overlooking the knot garden, the shipbuilders’ arbour, Elizabethan wall and the small banqueting pavilion. Also typical were the fantasy beasts on striped poles. In this garden they hold the coat of arms of famous Tudor personalities.

UNDER A.3 BAROQUE THEATRE GARDEN DEVELOPMENT During the 18th and 19th centuries European royalty developed dramatic theatrical gardens that included the elements of stage set design.

These gardens weren’t just used for theatrical events, they provided a setting for important people to dress up in expensive clothes and powdered wigs and to be seen.

This German or Austrian form would feature a New Rococo façade, large reflecting pool and two sculptural groups. Of all the gardens this possibly has the most direct association with classical music.

UNDER A.4 PICTURESQUE GARDEN DEVELOPMENT An interpretation of naturalistic, overgrown 18th century Picturesque garden that were intended to appeal to not only the eyes but also the heart and the mind. They were in part a reaction to Baroque formality, inspired by the new fashion for landscape paintings of wild, romantic landscapes often featuring classical ruins. There was often a planned sequence of features or a ritual journey that would refer to a well- known fantasy story. In this garden that story is Mozart’s 18th century opera ‘The Magic Flute’ told through a series of garden features with strong Masonic associations.

28 EXISTING A.5 CHINOISERIE GARDEN In the mid-18th century Europeans were becoming aware of Asian arts and crafts and there was a craze for anything Chinese or Japanese. Without much from to work from, European craftsmen were inspired to create original work such as Wedgwood pottery, Chippendale furniture, Willow Pattern ceramics and posters, all inspired by Japanese prints.

This fashion also included new types of garden structures and decoration, such as those in this garden, which were largely inspired by imported Chinese ceramics.

UNDER A.6 SURREALIST GARDEN DEVELOPMENT The mid-20th century Surrealist Art Movement, inspired by the work of Sigmund Freud, sought to interpret the mysterious world of dreams and the subconscious mind. While there wasn’t a corresponding movement in garden design there have always been surrealist elements in gardens from the strangely shaped Taihu rocks in ancient Chinese Gardens to Singapore’s Super Trees in Gardens by the Bay.

In this garden everything will appear five times the normal size but dominated by giant topiary figures that may move while you’re not watching.

EXISTING A.7 MANSFIELD GARDEN Katherine Mansfield was one of a group of the world-famous authors credited with inventing modern literature. One of her best-known stories ‘The Garden Party’ describes an early 20th century New Zealand garden being prepared for a large party. Aside from the items she describes, this garden has many of the features and plants common to gardens at this time. The tennis court is set out ready for her party to begin.

EXISTING A.8 CONCEPT GARDEN The emerging 21st century ‘conceptual garden’ movement is essentially an extension of modern, conceptual art and ‘land art.’ These gardens are not necessarily practical, natural, or even attractive in the normal sense, but are based on a central idea or message often derived from the history or landscape of the site in which they sit. The designs are usually strong, colourful and emphatic.

This garden has been inspired by two Maaori whakataukii and the legend beside land use maps in old school atlases.

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PRODUCTIVE GARDEN COLLECTION

A collection of productive gardens that each address aspects of the relationship between people and plants. Ranging from plants with religious significance to the Ancient Egyptians to plants of economic importance in Pacific cultures. From the herbs used by the early NZ colonists to a modern form of sustainable .

UNDER B.1 ANCIENT EGYPTIAN GARDEN DEVELOPMENT This is a recreation of an ancient Egyptian garden representing one of the very first-known decorative garden traditions from around 2000 BC. In the larger domestic Egyptian gardens, symmetrical courtyards were surrounded by mud brick walls featuring vine-covered pergolas for summer shade.

Vegetables were grown in beds beside a central rectangular step pool. While we know what the gardens looked like, no one appears to have recreated one. So, for the first time in 4,000 years you’ll be able to step into this very ancient and sophisticated world.

UNDER B.2 PACIFIKA GARDEN DEVELOPMENT The existing Tropical House will display plants from the South Pacific islands and their closest equivalents. In the centre, a Samoan Fale Afalau shelter would provide an event or teaching space as well as screen the upper glass structure.

Within a jungle setting productive plants would be grown such as the: yam, talo, ta’amu, sweet potato, arrowroot, sugar cane, ti, paper mulberry, pandanus, taro, banana, breadfruit; possibly the kava and coconut showing their use and cultivation.

30 EXISTING B.3 TE PARAPARA GARDEN An early 19th century pre-European Maaori garden that shows traditional forms of food production and storage and plants of economic importance to Maaori. The banks along this stretch of the Waikato River were full of gardens and the Waikato- Tainui tribes were renowned for their horticultural skills.

This garden features a pataka kai and highly significant carvings with local significance. This garden is on the site of an ancient settlement called Te Parapara that had significance for rituals associated with harvesting food crops.

EXISTING B.4 A recreation of a traditional 17th-19th century kitchen garden that supplied the household of large European estates. It was typical to have raised square beds with high surrounding walls that discouraged theft, sheltered the garden, held the heat and extended the growing season. Research suggests that such an environment could have the effect of seven degrees latitude. Produce in this garden is used in the Hamilton Gardens Café and some is distributed to local food banks.

EXISTING B.5 GARDEN While the design of this traditional herb garden is relatively modern, the variety of herbs used has focused on those used by early New Zealand colonists.

The four central beds have herbs for: culinary, cosmetic, perfume and medicinal use.

The side gardens include collections of herbs used for dyes, Asian food and herbal drinks.

EXISTING B.6 SUSTAINABLE GARDEN This represents a modern backyard garden, displaying techniques and principles of small scale, sustainable food production. These include: a movable chicken coop, liquid manure barrels, edible perennials, , companion plants to discourage pests, a worm farm and bee hives.

31 6.2 GARDEN COLLECTIONS

PARADISE GARDEN COLLECTION

‘Paradise’ is derived from the Persian word pairidaeza meaning an ‘enclosed garden’. This is a collection of small enclosed garden traditions that each represent different perceptions of paradise.

EXISTING C:1 CHINESE SCHOLARS’ GARDEN An interpretation of the 10th-12th century Sung Dynasty ‘scholar gardens’ that were designed as natural worlds of imagination and surprise. The scholars and landed gentry created gardens that represented a mythical paradise and home for the ‘immortals’. They had different layers of meaning, symbolism and ambiguity. Usually there was also a close relationship with the arts of landscape painting, poetry, calligraphy and music. Groups of rocks, typically chosen for their contorted, sculptural form were a particularly important element in such gardens.

EXISTING C:2 INDIAN CHAR BAGH GARDEN These were a symbolic form of a paradise divided into four quarters by the four symbolic rivers referred to in ancient sources before the Koran and even the Book of Genesis. The oldest remains of one are around 4,000 years old but they were popular between the 8th and 18th centuries throughout the Muslim world stretching from the eastern end of the Silk Route to North Africa and Spain. This example is an interpretation of the 16th-17th small Mughal garden with design detail like the Taj Mahal. Water was particularly luxurious and precious in the semi desert environments.

32 EXISTING C:3 JAPANESE GARDEN OF CONTEMPLATION An example of the 14th–15th century Muromachi period garden designed for Zen meditation where worldly desires could be put aside, and enlightenment sought through mediation. These gardens were usually associated with monasteries and the central building is based on that of an Abbots Quarters.

Elements like the rock placement also reflected Shinto, Taoist, Confucian as well as Buddhist influences. This garden is comprised of three types of Muromachi contemplative garden: the Zen Garden, the Scroll Garden and the Stroll Garden.

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EXISTING C:4 ITALIAN RENAISSANCE GARDEN At the other extreme powerful Italian families liked to show off their wealth with magnificent gardens. During the 15th- 16th Italian Renaissance period they were also inspired by the achievements of ancient Greece and Rome to create large formal gardens around their grand country villas. Their aim was to rationalise, control and improve upon nature with garden layouts generally based on geometric forms and proportions. A central axis and a series of water features generally unified the different parts of the garden that could include woodland, sculptures, galleries and extensive plant collections.

EXISTING C:5 ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN AAn example of the English 19th century Arts and Crafts gardens that were designed as an idyllic setting for large country homes sometimes unconsciously trying to recreate a mythical golden age. The best examples had extensive plant collections with planned seasonal colour compositions inspired by new colour theories and the work of the Impressionist painters. The Arts and Crafts movement valued craftsmanship and until the Great War wealthy families could afford large teams of skilled to tend their high maintenance gardens which often included long herbaceous borders.

EXISTING C:6 MODERNIST GARDEN ALate 20th century modernist garden design broke away from formality and avoided decorative features. Designs were generally inspired by the site and the shift to outdoor domestic living, generally with a close relationship between indoor and outdoor areas. They were often influenced by Modernist architecture and the Modernist art movements. In this garden that includes: The Cubist influence on the paving pattern, the Surrealist sculpture in the pool and the Pop Art mural.

This was a modern version of paradise where you might endlessly relax by the pool drinking Pino Coladas.

33 6.2 GARDEN COLLECTIONS

PUBLIC GARDEN COLLECTION

Public gardens have been around for thousands of years shaped by (The older section of Hamilton East different cultures and social structures. At times they have served as social Cemetery outside the proposed centres, outdoor reception rooms and spaces for education, recreation and Enclosed Sector provides a typical commemoration. 19th/20 century example of the Park Cemetery Movement.)

(The older section of Hamilton East Cemetery outside the proposed Enclosed Sector provides a typical 19th/20 century example of the Park Cemetery Movement.)

PROPOSED D.1 VEDIC GARDEN The Vedic were a bronze age, Indian civilisation who introduced Sanskrit to India and may have originally come from north of the Caucasus Mountains. Their communal riverside gardens reflected sacred texts and a comprehensive philosophy on land use.

This 4th century BC proto-Hindu example would feature: a grid of flowering and fruiting trees on an east west axis, , a step pool, torana (stone gate) and deep, thatched veranda with brightly painted columns.

PROPOSED D.2 ROMAN PORTICO GARDEN Many 2nd century Roman portico gardens were an elaborate version of the Greek-style palaestra and the smaller Roman courtyard gardens.

These public courtyards were often associated with a theatre, bath complex, library or temple and became a favoured haunt of the Roman elite. The central space surrounded by covered portico often featured: pools, semi-circular seats, mosaic paving, pollarded trees, pot plants, an aviary, statues on plinths, trompe l’oeil and frescos on the walls of garden scenes.

34 PROPOSED D.3 PERSIAN GARDEN From Samarkand and Mughal India across to the Moorish gardens of Spain, many gardens were inspired by the legendary . The forecourts of mosques and theological colleges often had high surrounding walls, a monumental entrance on the east side, symmetrical layout, fruit trees, a large pool and decorative tile work. In these spaces visitors could wait for appointments or study in the shade of a high colonnade with massive wooden columns.

PROPOSED D.4 HORTUS BOTANICUS This is a reproduction of the 16th century Dutch Renaissance botanic garden in Leiden. Hortus Botanicus was a very typical of the period and particularly significant because of the plants being introduced to by the great Dutch trading empire.

Plants would be grouped according to classification, so it should appeal to educational groups and those with a botanical interest.

PROPOSED D.5 VICTORIAN FLOWER GARDEN An example of the Neo-Italianate Gardenesque style that spread throughout the western world during the 19th century and was still common in public gardens through most of the 20th century.

Dominated by seasonal carpet bedding utilizing tropical and temperate plants it would also feature, closely cut lawn, topiary, plain shrub borders and Victorian era detail such as the pergola, paths with tile edges, a fountain, seats, gates and a statue of Queen Victoria looking unamused.

PROPOSED D.6 ROOF GARDEN The 21st century has seen a rapid increase in the number of roof gardens and in many congested cities it’s just about the only form of garden possible.

This Art Deco New York style of roof garden would also represent the corporate public garden such as those seen in hotels. It has been designed as a small event space with a small stage and bar or coffee shop, so it could be used for upmarket events or cocktails on Friday afternoons. The Roof Gardens would be accessed by a lift set in a bank of lifts in the lobby below.

35 6.2 GARDEN COLLECTIONS

LANDSCAPE GARDEN COLLECTION

A collection of landscape gardens that demonstrate how different attitudes to nature and major philosophical movements have shaped man-made landscapes. These range from venerating to dominating nature and from productive idealised landscapes to recreating new natural-looking landscapes.

PARTIALLY E.1 MAHAYANA SANCTUARY GARDEN DEVELOPED The existing hillside already features Asian woodland plants but would be further developed as a 3rd century Chinese Mahayana Sanctuary garden. In China these were usually Daoist / Confucian mountain retreats intended for self- cultivation and symbolising the journey of life. Possibly originating from Hindu north-western India but with some early Roman and Greek influence. This form of retreat spread with Buddhism through central Asia and to Japan and Sri Lanka. They were developed in China from 500 before common era and included features like: an entrance way facing west, mandalas on pavements, stone animals, special trees, stupas, caves, carved cliff faces and painted pavilions.

PROPOSED E.2 FRENCH PARTERRE GARDEN This was a distinct western European art form in the 17th century with a later 19th century revival. These highly structured gardens reflected complete domination of the natural world influenced by philosophers such as d’Argenville and Pascal.

This relatively small-scale example would feature an impressive parterre de broderie pattern of box, turf, gravel and bedding plants overlooked by a large, raised terrace.

Behind the terrace a 17th century French, Baroque façade would screen limited access to an ‘events garden’.

36 PROPOSED E.3 ENGLISH LANDSCAPE GARDEN Probably the most influential landscape movement of all was the 18th century fashion for informal, grassed, ‘Arcadian’ rolling parkland with lakes, contoured landform, tree groups and classical pavilions and sculptures.

The craze for this type of garden swept through Europe replacing many old formal gardens and still influences park and golf course design. This space almost exists without the detail on the south eastern side of Turtle Lake.

PROPOSED E.4 FARM GARDEN Since at least the 15th century there has been a tradition of pastoral garden settings, and this garden proposes a mid-19th century New Zealand example.

The ‘Station Master’s House’ would be shifted to the top of the hill. It was built in 1898 so that all other detail would relate to that time. The garden would include a in front, a garden at the side and nearby an of old varieties of fruit tree.

The field over the old refuse site would be grazed with a flock of sheep and enclosed by the old earth and rock fences that were used on this site in the 19th century.

PARTIALLY E.5 ECHO BANK BUSH DEVELOPED These steep banks and cliffs with remnant indigenous vegetation cover are already providing a good example of the 20th century conservation tradition associated with philosophers like Henry Thoreau and Willy Lange.

The top grassed areas would be replanted in plants indigenous to the Hamilton district as an example of the 20th century Naturalistic /Aesthetic style. Access to a floating deck at the bottom of the cliff face would be along boardwalks and entry into this would be through a cave.

PROPOSED E.6 BEE MEADOW There is increasing interest in creating ecosystems to address issues such as industrial site restoration or creating an endangered fauna habitat. In the 21st century this has sometimes been referred to as ‘new ecology’. In this case a meadow over the old dump site and what was a carpark using low growing plants that provide food for bees and butterflies. It would be partially surrounded by hedgerows which have long been recognised in Europe as a valuable semi-natural habitat.

37 7. INDEX

Access 3.2 Hamilton Club Pavilion 3.3 Residences (on site) 3.3 Access Plan 3.1 Hamilton East Park Cemetery 6.2 Remnant Bush 5.1 Asset Maintenance Hamilton Gardens Pavilion 3.3 Reserves Act 1.1/5.1 Ancient Egyptian Garden 6.2 Herb Garden 6.2 Rhododendron Lawn 3.2 Baroque Garden 6.2 Historic features 5.1 River 3.4 Bee Meadow 6.2 Hortus Botanicus 6.2 Roman Portico Garden 6.2 Bird Lady Court 3.2 Horticulture Education Centre 4.4/3.3 Roof Garden 6.2 Bookings 4.3/5.5 Indian Char Bagh Garden 6.2 Riverbank 3.4/5.1 Café 3.1 / 3.3 Information Centre 3.3 River walk 3.2 Carbon reduction plan 5.4 Interpretation 2.3 Roads 3.2 Carparks 3.1/3.2/3.4 Italian Renaissance Garden 6.2 Rogers Rose Garden 6.2 Cemetery 6.2 Japanese Garden of Contemplation 6.2 Safety 5.2 Chinese Scholar Garden 6.2 Jetty 3.2 School use 4.4 Chinoiserie Garden 6.2 Kitchen Garden 6.2 Security 5.2 Classification 1.1 Lakeside Court 3.3 Service Vehicle access 3.2 Climate Change 5.4 Landscape Garden Collection 6.2 Signage 2.5 Commercial activities 3.3/4.3 Landfill management 3.4 Sponsorship 2.5/5.5 Community involvement 4.2 Leases and licenses 3.3 Strategies 6.1 Commemorative Plaques 2.5 Lighting 5.2 Stationmasters House 3.3/5.1 Concept 2.1 Mahayana Sanctuary Garden 6.2 Surrealist Garden 6.2 Concept Plan 3.1 Management Plan Process 1.1 Sustainable Garden 6.2 Concept Garden 6.2 Marketing 4.1/2.3 Sustainable management 5.4 Customer Service 3.2 Mansfield Garden 6.2 Te Parapara Garden 6.2/5.1 Cycleways 3.2 Medieval Garden 6.2 Toilet facilities 3.3 Design Statements 5.3/2.4 Memorials 2.5 Tourist promotion 2.3 Development priorities 2.5 Modernist Garden 6.2 Timeline 2.1 Disability access 3.2 Mulch yard 3.3 Traffic Management 3.1 Dogs 4.2 Narrows Redoubt 1.1/5.1 Treaty of Waitangi 3.4/5.1 Echo Bank Bush 6.2 Municipal Nursery 3.2/3.3/5.3 Tropical Garden 6.2 Economic benefit 4.1 Off lead dog exercise area 4.2 Tudor Garden 6.2 Education 4.4 Pacifika Garden 6.2 Tour boats 3.2 English Flower Garden 6.2 Paradise Garden Collection 6.2 Utilities 3.4 English Landscape Garden 6.2 Partnerships 2.5 Valley Walk 6.2 Entranceways 3.2/5.2 Paths 3.2 Vehicle access 3.2 Entry Charge 1.1/5.5 Pavilion 6.2 Vedic Garden 6.2 Erosion Control 3.4 Pest Management 5.1/5.4 Victorian Flower Garden 6.2 Event facilities 3.3/4.2 Persian Garden 6.2 Visitor facilities 3.2 Exclusive use 4.3 Picturesque Garden 6.2 Volunteers 2.5 Fantasy garden Collection 6.2 Planning Content 1.2 Waikato River 3.4 Farm Garden 6.2 Plant Collections 5.3 Water conservation 5.4 French Parterre Garden 6.2 Playground 3.3 Water mains 3.4 Friends of Hamilton Gardens 2.5 Productive Garden Collection 6.2 Water quality 5.1 Girl Guides 3.3 Public Garden Collection 6.2 Wildlife 5.1 Governors lawn 4.2 Quality Standards 2.4 Wintec Horticultural Education Centre 3.3/4.4

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