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Английский Для Горняков English for Mining Technology

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Английский Для Горняков English for Mining Technology Р.И. ЖуРавлёва английский для горняков enGlish for mininG TechnoloGy Допущено УМО вузов РФ по образованию в области горного дела в качестве учебного пособия для студентов вузов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки «Горное дело» КНОРУС • МОСКВА • 2019 УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 Ж91 Рецензенты: Т.В. Трусова, доц. кафедры «Иностранные языки» ЮРГУЭС, А.П. Туров, чл.-корр. Академии горных наук, советник ген. директора ОАО «ШахтНИУИ», канд. техн. наук Журавлёва, Раиса Ивановна. Ж91 Английский для горняков = English for Mining Technology : учебное пособие / Р.И. Журавлёва. — Москва : КНОРУС, 2019. — 202 с. ISBN 978-5-406-06493-1 Цель пособия — обучение студентов горно-геологических специальностей чтению и переводу оригинальной литературы по горному делу, умению вести беседу в рамках изучаемой тематики, аннотированию и реферированию статей по горной тематике. При отборе текстовых материалов, включенных в пособие, использовались образцы современной научно-технической литературы на английском языке. Система упражнений построена в соответствии с учебными целями пособия. В приложении даны правила составления аннотаций и рефератов, клише для их написания и разговорные формулы для обсуждения текстов, статей и прове- дения бесед. Для студентов и аспирантов вузов горно-геологического профиля. УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 Журавлёва Раиса Ивановна АнглИйский Для гоРняКоВ ENGLisH FOR MininG TECHNOLOGY Изд. № 17575. Формат 60×90/16. Гарнитура «PetersburgC». Усл. печ. л. 13,0. Уч.-изд. л. 8,6. ООО «Издательство «КноРус». 117218, г. Москва, ул. Кедрова, д. 14, корп. 2. Тел.: 8-495-741-46-28. Email: [email protected] http://www.knorus.ru Отпечатано в ООО «Контакт». 107150, г. Москва, проезд Подбельского 4-й, д. 3. © Журавлёва Р.И., 2019 ISBN 978-5-406-06493-1 © ООО «Издательство «КноРус», 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Предисловие. .5 Unit 1. EDUCATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA . .7 Text 1. Education in Russia . .7 Text 2. Russian Educational System . 10 Text 3. Moscow State Mining University . 16 Text 4. Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University . 20 Text 5. Tomsk Geological Institute of Oil & Gas Studies. 24 Text 6. Main Library of St Petersburg State Mining Institute (Technical University) Named After G. V. Plekhanov . 29 Unit 2. EDUCATION ABROAD . 33 Text 1. Some Facts About Education in Great Britain . .33 Text 2. The University of Missouri-Rolla. 36 Text 3. The University of Kentucky . 39 Unit 3. OUTSTANDING SCIENTISTS IN RUSSIA . .42 Text 1. А. Р. Karpinsky . 42 Text 2. А. М. Terpigorev . 45 Text 3 . .48 Unit 4. PROMINENT SCIENTISTS IN MINING ABROAD . 54 Text 1. Isaac Tyson, Jr. 54 Text 2. Outstanding Scientists . 55 Text 3. Thomas Edison . 56 Unit 5. ROCKS OF EARTH CRUST AND USEFUL MINERALS . 62 Text 1. Mineral Deposits . 62 Text 2. Types of Weathering. 69 Text 3 . .71 Unit 6. PROSPECTING AND EXPLORATION . 74 Text 1. Some More Facts about Prospecting and Exploration . 74 Unit 7. TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN MINING . 78 Text 1. Advances in Mining Activity . 78 Text 2. Surface Mining, its Nature and Signifi cance . 84 Unit 8. MINING TECHNOLOGY . 87 Text 1. Crushing & Mining Equipment—Jaw, Cone and Impact Crushers. 87 Text 2. Crushing and Screening Equipment. 88 Text 3. Fractum—Secondary Rock Breaker . 89 Text 4. Underground Diesel Mining Support Equipment . .91 Text 5. Mine and Tunnel Ventilation Systems . 94 Text 6. Cleaning Technologies—Cleaning Systems for the Mining Industry. 97 Text 7. Australia—Hydraulic Power Products for Longwall Mining . .99 Text 8. Cogemacoustic—Fan Systems and Dust-Removal Equipment for Mines. 101 Text 9. Barrod—Dust Extraction Systems and Custom Wire Products . 103 Unit 9. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN MINING INDUSTRY . 105 Text 1. Environmental Protection in Mining . 105 Text 2. Safety in Real Time . 109 Text 3. Environment and Emissions . 111 Text 4. Resource Security . 112 Text 5. A Greener Future for Coal . 113 Unit 10. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINING INDUSTRY . 121 Text 1. The Mining Industry in the National and World Economy . 121 Text 2. Government Approaches to Mineral Policy and Taxation in Canada . 122 Приложение . 126 Англо-русский словарь . 154 Библиография. 202 ÏÐÅÄÈÑËÎÂÈÅ Данное пособие предназначено для студентов высших и средних профессиональных учебных заведений, в программу которых входит изучение современных отраслей горного дела. Пособие соответствует установкам программы по английскому языку для учебных заведений данного профиля и рассчитано на обучаемых, имеющих языковую подготовку в пределах про- граммы средней школы. Цель пособия — обучить студентов чтению и переводу ли- тературы по разным отраслям горной промышленности. Кроме того, пособие имеет целью дальнейшее развитие и совершенство- вание умений и навыков всех видов чтения, навыков перевода, аннотирования и реферирования текстов, предназначенных как для внеаудиторного чтения, так и для работы в аудитории. Пособие является дополнением к основному учебнику ан- глийского языка. Материалы, входящие в пособие, отобраны из современной оригинальной литературы по горным специаль- ностям. В число использованных для пособия изданий входят Wikipedia, Encyclopedia Britannica и ряд других сайтов Интер- нета: Planet Earth: an Еncyclopedia of Geology и др. В пособии также использованы отдельные статьи из журналов Mining Engineering, Power, Mining Magazine и др. Пособие состоит из 10 тематических разделов (Units), в ко- торые включены тексты для чтения, перевода и дискуссий, ин- формационные статьи о различных видах горной техники. Книга содержит также краткий грамматический справочник и англо- русский словарь. Основное внимание в пособии уделено формированию у обу- чаемых необходимого словарного минимума, который позволит извлекать полезные для практики сведения из информацион- ных источников. В каждом разделе предусмотрены задания 5 на формирование умений устного общения на освещаемую в разделе тему. Заключительные задания, построенные в форме вопросов и ответов, служат для контроля и самоконтроля степе- ни усвоения лексики и структур данного раздела. По уровню языковой и понятийной сложности материалы пособия можно условно разделить на две группы. В первую вхо- дят тексты описательного характера, несложные по содержанию и по характеру синтаксических построений. Эти тексты постро- ены на широко употребительной лексике — популярной отрас- левой терминологии и высокочастотных словах общетехниче- ского значения. Преподаватель по своему усмотрению может использовать данные тексты уже на ранней ступени обучения. Во вторую группу включены материалы, более сложные как по содержанию, так и по языковым характеристикам. В число задач разделов, содержащих эти тексты, входит развитие и углубление навыков устной речи по темам специальности, для чего предла- гаются вопросо-ответные задания, выступления с сообщениями по темам текстов и задания, направленные на активизацию мыс- лительной деятельности учащихся. Приложение содержит данные об образовании терминоло- гии, в нем освещаются особенности языка научно-технической литературы, правила составления аннотаций и рефератов, дают- ся клише для их составления, а также разговорные формулы для обсуждения текстов, статей и проведения бесед. Приложение включает краткий грамматический справочник: сводные таблицы спряжения глаголов в действительном и стра- дательном залогах, строй английского предложения, таблицу неправильных глаголов (168 глаголов). Unit 1. EDUCATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA Text 1. EDUCATION IN RUSSIA Russia has a long-standing tradition in high-quality education for all citizens. It probably has also one of the best mass-education systems in the world producing a literacy rate (98%) exceeding most Western European countries. Education is split into a compulsory Basic Education and ongoing Higher Education. Everyone needs at least a secondary education in his life. So when you begin spending sleepless nights thinking about the study at school, when you think longingly of school books, teachers and friends and when you are at age of six, there is no doubt it—you’re really to go to school. The best way to get to know and understand the system of education in Russia is to know what kinds of schools are in Russia and how children study there. Every citizen of our country has the right to education. This right is guaranteed by the Constitution. It is not only a right but a duty, too. Every boy or girl must get secondary education. They go to school at the age of six or seven and must stay there until they are 14–17 years old. At school pupils study academic subjects, such as Russian, Literature, Mathematics, History, Biology, a foreign lan- guage and others. After fi nishing nine forms of a secondary school, young people can continue their education in the 10th and the 11th form. They can also go to a vocational or technical school, where they study academic subjects and receive a profession. A college gives general knowledge in academic subjects and a profound knowledge in one or several subjects. After fi nishing a secondary, vocational, technical school or a col- lege, young people can start working or enter an institute or a uni- versity. Institutes and universities train specialists in diff erent fi elds. A course at an institute or a university usually takes fi ve years. Many 7 universities have evening and extramural departments. They give their students an opportunity to study without leaving their jobs. Institutes and universities usually have graduate courses which give candidate or doctoral degrees. Education in our country is free at most schools. There are some private primary and secondary schools where pupils
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