Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: the Luso-Brazilian World, C

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02897-5 - Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770–1850 Gabriel Paquette Index More information

Index

Abrilada, 183–87 coffee cultivation in, 331 absolutism, 84 , 120 , 123 , 128 , 129 , 165 , colonial settlement in, 342 212 , 246 , 264 , 276 , 289 , 331 colonial settlers in, 60 , 61, 343 , 361 absolutists as anti-constitutionalists, cotton, 344 249 free white settlement (1836), 343 Academy of Sciences ( Academia das imports from Brazil, 361 Ci ências de Lisboa ), 38 , 40 , 58 , 75 , iron foundry in, 58 140 , 322 as penal colony, 59 , 74 adventurers, 8 , 305 slave ships from, 323 , 363 afrancesados , 105 slave trade, 367 Africa Angolan settlement by Pernambucans, colonies of European settlement, 341 344 cultivadores of, 341 anti-masonic discourse, 136 direct trade with, 345 anti-Semitic discourse, 136 Africans sold into slavery at Rio de Assembly’s Projecto of the Constitution Janeiro, 323 (1823), 162 Age of Revolutions, 1, 4–7 , 85 , 372 , Associa çã o Marí tima e Colonial , 347–58 373–74 amassing of data on colonial emigrados part of, 264 possessions, 348–49 Age of Romanticism, 257 agrarianism, 20 , 38 , 39 Banda Oriental, 9 , 55–56 , 200 , 218 , 227 , Brazil, 78 233 , 302 , 308 encouraged in Brazil, 20 Barca, Conde da, 91 , 99 Ajuda, Natural History Museum and Minister of Foreign Affairs and War, 89 Royal Botanical Garden of, 36 , 45 , Bentham, Jeremy, 131 92 Beresford, Viscount (William Carr), 90 , Alexander, James, 349 92 , 93 , 102 , 106 , 108 , 214 , 233 , 241 , Almeida Garrett, 133 , 180 , 319 , 327 , 335 309 as emigrado , 265 Bissau, 340 Amazonia, 28 , 51 , 53–55 , 63 , 322 Bol í var, Sim ón, 199 Amerindians, 51 , 52 , 74 , 79 , 322 Borges Carneiro, Manuel, 101 lands in Minas Gerais, 97 botanical gardens, 322 Andrada Machado e Silva, Ant ónio Bourmont, Marshal Louis-Auguste Carlos de, 146 , 158–59 , 162 , 171 , Victor, commander of Miguelist 385 army, 309 Anglo-Brazilian commercial treaty, 214 Braganza, Duke of, 383 Anglophobia, 211 Braganza, House of, 2 , 9 , 88 , 90 , 141 , Anglo-Portuguese Treaty (1810), 324 217 , 239 , 287 , 288 Angola, 23 , 24 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 41 , 57 , 58 , British support of, 66 188 , 320 , 323 , 339 , 357 , 361 , 362 , deposed (1808), 89 364 , 365 , 366 , 369 fi ssures in, 207 , 226 agricultural development of, 369 transfer to Rio de Janeiro, 85 , 88 , 95

445

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02897-5 - Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770–1850 Gabriel Paquette Index More information

446 Index

Brasileiro, use of term, 151 Church Brazil land sold off, 316 Brazilian trade and shipping favored persecution of, 299 over Portuguese merchants, 95 political power of the, 26 citizenship, 162 power of the, 117 Constitution (1824), 171–76 , 201 Cisplatine War, 218 counter forces to independence, citizenship status of former slaves, 162 189–90 Collec çã o de Constituic õ es Antigas e disapprobation of establishing a Modernas , 126 university in, 102 colonial development, 332 dissolution of Assembly, 173 colonial missions, 334 economy of, 324 colonization factors contributing to independence, of Africa, 330 141– 43 of Brazil, 346 funds owed to Portugal, 280 preferred methods for, 354 General Assembly, 156 , 167 , 199 Columbian Exchange, 360 history of Assembly, 159 Companhia de Agricultura e Ind ú stria de independence, 187–96 Mo ç ambique , 357 introduction of printing press 1808, Conde do Sabugal, 280 115 Confederation of the Equator, 173 –78 , as kingdom, 99 , 100 , 102 199 political divisions, 151 Northeast Brazil, 176 treatment of Portuguese living in, Congress of Laibach (1821), 113 161 Congress of Troppau (1820), 112 British Alliance with Portugal, 86–88 , Conselho do Estado and Poder Moderador 212 abolished 1838, 318 treaties of 1808 and 1810, 93 , 109 Conselho Ultramarino , 370 British and Austrian policies during abolished in 1833, 334 Portuguese Civil War, 301–5 conservative thought and anti-foreign British Foreign Offi ce, attempts at sentiments, 239 annexation of Goa and conservative thought and lei fundamental , Macau, 351 138–39 British subsidy, 92 , 93 Conspiracy of Rua Formosa (1822), 183 Constant, Benjamin, 172 Cabinda, fortress at, 31 Constitution of 1838, 318 Caneca, Frei, 174 Constitution of C ádiz (1812), 112 , 124 , Canning, George, 88 , 98 , 164 , 211 , 126 212–14 , 215–16 , 218–21 , 227 , 228 , constitution, varied meanings of, 119–20 229–33 , 287 , 301 , 305 , 362 Constitutional Junta, 180 Carioca Court, 144 constitutional monarchy, debate over, Carolina rice in Brazil, 40 129 Carta Convention of Évora-Monte, 299 modifi cations (1852), 319 Convention of Sintra, 90 reinstated (1842), 318 Costa Cabral, Ant ónio Bernardo da, 318 Cartistas , 250 Costa, Hip ó lito da, 99 in exile, 252–56 Cotter, Colonel William, 308 Carvalho Paes de Andrade, Manuel de, coup of 1828, 236 173 , 175 Castlereagh, Lord (Robert Stewart), 73 , Di á rio Lisbonense , 115 113–14 Dom Jo ã o Castro, Bishop Dom Ant ónio José acclamation of, 107 de, 90 compromise offered to, 1823, 188–89 censorship, 116 constitutional intentions of, 186 centralized government, advocates of, death of, 197 160 indifference to decline of Portugal, 108 Chinese emigration to Brazil, 340 Dom Miguel, 179 , 183 , 206

Index 447

and Portuguese Constitution, 206–9 Gazeta de Lisboa , 115 and supression of Liberalists, 209–11 Geographic Society of Lisbon, 370 Dom Pedro I German-speaking recruits, 308 and Brazilian independence, 146 , 153 Goa, 320 , 340 , 345 early political views, 166 occupation by British, 89 and the emigrado cause, 291 Gomes Freire Conspiracy, 106 and emigrados , 297 Governadores do Reino , 91 foreign neutrality towards, 312–14 suppression of print, 115 as heir to Portuguese throne, 196–99 Grande Oriente Lusitano , 105 hope for restoration of union, 202 Grito do Ipiranga , 167 as journalist, 167 Guerreiro, Jos é Ant ónio, 270 role in Civil War, 277 Guinea, 320 Dona Carlota Joaquina, 183–84 Guizot, Fran çois, 169 Dona Leopoldina, 166 Dona Maria Benedita, 91 Hawkesbury, Lord, 88 Dona Maria da Gloria, 165 , 198 , 202 , Holy Alliance, 113 , 200 , 212 204 , 207 , 222 , 226 , see also Dona condemnation of the 1812 C ádiz Maria II Constitution, 112 Dona Maria I, 18 , 35–36 , 37 , 120 , 202 opposition to an independent Dona Maria II, 235 , 236 , 253–54 , Brazil, 189 256 , 257 , 258 , 269–70 , 274 , 279 , 285 , 286 , 287 , 288 , 291–300 , Iberian legal heritage, 122 303–4 , 312–14 , 317–19 , 329 , 342 , Imprensa R é gia , 114 see also Dona Maria da Gloria indigenous peoples, 326 death of, 319 Infanta Dona Maria Francisca de Assis, as emigrado in Brazil, 270 207 Dona Maria Thereza, 185 Infanta Isabel Maria, support of Portuguese Constitution, 204 East India Company, 351 Ireland, colonists recruited from, 308 Eastern Atlantic archipelagos, 320 ivory trade, 344 economic liberalism, 95 trading company formed, 331 Emigra çã o as party of legitimacy, 292 emigrado press, 107 , 261 July Revolution in France 1830, 271 emigrados Junot, General Jean-Andoche, 85 , 89 , in Brazil, 261–63 124 , 309 and the Carta , 297 Junta de Revis ão e Censura do Novo factions within, 291 Có digo , 120 justifi cation of Carta , 279 leadership within the, 270 La Monarchie selon la Chartre , 172 plight romaticized in literature, 258–59 legislation for overseas territories, 334 poverty of, 259–60 lei fundamental , 121 liberal exiles, 293 Fernandes Tom á s, Manuel, 107 , 110 Liberal International, 301 , 306–7 Ferreira Braklami, José Ant ónio, 330 liberalism, use of term, 123 Folhinha da Terceira , 340 Lisbon uprising, 107 Franco-Spanish Treaty of Fontainebleau, Lord Cochrane, 170 88 Luso-Brazilian Reino Unido , 325 free labor, 341 Luz Soriano, Sim ã o José da, 344 Freemasons, 105 , 115 , 136 French Chartre and infl uence on Brazilian Macau, 357 Constitution, 169 Madeira, occupation by British, 89 French Guiana, 322 Madre de Deos, Faustino José French invasions of Portugal, 92 da, 137 French occupation of Lisbon (1807– Maria da Fonte and the Patuleia 1808), 85 , 89 (1846–47), 318 French occupation of Portugal, 90 Marqu ê s de Fronteira, 144

448 Index

Marqu ê s de Penalva, 134 pamphlet wars, 16 , 81 , 101 , 109 , 114 , 115 , McDonnell, Ranald, commander of 127 , 131 , 134 , 144 , 147 , 153 , 188 , Miguelist army, 309 196 , 239 , 240 , 243 , 244 , 260 , 269 , Mello e Castro, Martinho de, 20 , 32 , 272 , 293 , 294 , 296 , 304 , 305 , 327 , 33–34 , 49 , 323 347 , 371 Melo Freire, Pascoal de, 120 Paula, Vincente de, 379 Memorial Ultramarino e Mar í timo , 338 Paulistas , 152 mem ó rias periodization, 14 , 165 , 375 colonial government, 331 Pernambuco Revolution, 105–6 economy after abolishment of slave Pina Manique, 106 trade, 360 political journalism, 114 Mendiz ábal, Juan Á lvarez (fi nancial suppressed by the authorities, 115 backer of Regency), 311–12 Pombal, Marqu ês de, 17 , 35–37 , 45–46 , Menezes, Joaquim Ant ónio de Carvalho 48 , 51 , 52 , 55 , 61 , 64 , 66 , 72 , 214 , 356 de, 337 censorship, 114 mercenaries, employment of, 308 Coimbra reforms, 21–23 , 121 mercenary mutiny 1828, 308 fall of, 35 Mesa do Desembargo do Pa ç o , 116 Freemasons, 105 Metternich-dominated Europe, policies on Portuguese Africa, 58–60 conservatism of, 112 Port Wine trade monopoly, 68 Miguelism, 236–39 presided over reorientation of Empire, Miguelists 25–33 coalition with Septembrists, 319 rehabilitated by the Vintistas , 110 and the Convention, 299 Porto Revolution, 15 , 84 , 90 , 101 , 102 , factions, 248 109 , 111 , 112 , 117 , 126 , 136 , 149 , propaganda campaign, 247–48 150 , 254 , 265 , 314 missionary activity as facilitator of Portugal commerce, 354 anti-British sentiments, 243 Mo çâmedes, Angola, 343 anti-constitutionalists, 179 Moderating Power, attributes of, 173 causes of economic poverty, 326 monarchy, championed by Penalva, civil unrest in 1846–1847, 346 134 Civil War, 297 Mouzinho da Silveira, 111 , 257 , 275–76 , colonial deputies at the Cortes, 335 283 , 292 , 299 , 316 , 321 , 325–28 , court transferred to Rio de Janeiro, 329 , 335 , 346 , 347 , 357 results of, 98–100 reforms, 317 cultural effl orescence of the 1830s and Mozambique, 320 , 340 1840s, 320 agricultural potential of, 361 dependence on the colonies, 346 ravaged by wars, 334 development of constitutionalism, 123 economic development, 328 Napoleonic Wars, Portuguese empire in political upheaval 1817–23, involvement in, 86 114 Neves, José Acú rsio das, 325 French infl uence on constitutionalism, 126 O Correio da Peninsula , 115 geopolitical survival of colonies, 329 O Independente and Manuel Fernandes infl uence of the Cortes on Tomas , 117 constitutionalism, 128 Obras Constitucionaes de Hespanha e intellectual interest in colonies, 349 Napoles , 126 legal matters of the colonies, 337 Oliveira Silva Gaio, Ant ónio de, 258 legal traditions, 119–23 limited authority of the Crown, Palmela, Marqu ê s de, 256 117–19 and Portuguese Constitution, 205 loss of colonial monopoly, 89 as President of Terceira Regency, 270 perniciousness of colonialism, 325–28 as president of the Constitutional post-Civil War debt, 317 Junta, 180 post-Civil War economy, 316 Palmer, R. R., 4 public debt, 86

Index 449

public works, 346 Quadruple Alliance Treaty of 1834, 314 regency council, 91 quilombos , 104 resistance to French rule, 90 sovereignty disputes in colonies, 350 Real Mesa Cens ó ria (Pompal’s 1768 Spanish infl uences on censorship), 114 constitutionalism, 125 Regency army, foreign troops in, 309–11 territories threatened by European Regenera çã o , 319 powers, 350–51 Reino Unido , 101 , 150 trade decline in re-exports, 93 Revolt of Maria da Fonte (1846–47), 309 trade deregulation, 357 Rio de Janeiro troops retreat from Brazil, 155 relationship with Brazil, 160 upheaval of 1820–23 and comparisons transfer of court to, 98–100 with the French Revolution, 137 value of trade with Brazil, 346 Sá da Bandeira, 256 , 319 , 347 Portugal’s African empire, 320 , 331 , 345 , parliamentary speech (1836), 339 346 Saldanha da Gama, Ant ónio de, 99 , 113 , Portuguese Africa, 58 256 , 319 Brazil’s reliance on for slaves, 10 , 16 Santa Teresa de Jesus Sampaio, Frei development of agricultural economy Francisco de, 171 of, 360 Santos, Ant ónio Ribeiro dos, 120 development of trading companies for, Sã o Tom é and Pr íncipe, deterioration 356 , 357 of, 334 economic development of, 370 Sartorius, George, 309 economy after abolition of slave trade, September 1836 Revolution, 317 360 Silva Maia, J. J. da, 264 economy of, 60 , 324 , 325 Silva, Bernardo Peres da, 335 elimination of foreign traders from, 30 Sinedrio , 107 foreign interest in, 350 slave rebellions, fear of, 104 lack of knowledge of, 352 slave trade, 2 Pompaline-era economy, 57 Brazil’s dependence on, 16 Sá da Bandeira’s Folhinha da Terceira , impact of abolition on Portuguese 341 economy, 368 Portuguese Constitution (1822) impending abolition of, 323 ancillary decrees to, 204 importation into Pernambuco, 174 differences with Cádiz Constitution, increase between Guinea Coast and 133 Brazil, 362 disavowed by moderates, 251 Rio de Janeiro as chief entrep ô t site establishment of, 200–1 for, 95 reinstated 1836, 318 South Atlantic economy’s continued Portuguese Constitution (1826) predominance of, 361 differences between Brazilian Southern Atlantic confederation, 361 Constitution and, 201–2 Southern Atlantic economy, 323 Portuguese emigrado press, 101 Souza Coutinho family, 23 Portuguese Legion, 90 Souza Coutinho, Rodrigo de, 20 , 22 , 29 , Portuguese navy, 88 42 , 47 , 49 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 68 , 89 , 98 , battle of 1823, 188 99 , 105 , 212 , 329 , 332 decline of, 95 Spain as threat to Portugal, 103 defeat of, 164 Stuart, Sir Charles, 16 , 165 , 204 , 205 , and defense of African territories, 359 214 threat of British navy to, 88 negotiation of commercial treaty, Portuguese Revolution 214–17 embraced by the Liberal International, negotiator between Portugal and 112 Brazil, 223–29 pouvoir neutre , 172 promotion of Portuguese Constitution, Projecto de uma Constitui çã o Mon árquica , 204–5 171 and recognition of Brazilian pronunciamiento , 306 independence, 218–19

450 Index

sugar engenho machinery, 344 secularizing reforms of, 36 Supremo Conselho Regenerador , 106 Vilafrancada , 179 Talleyrand, 99 Vila Nova Portugal, Tom á Ant ónio de, Terceira Regency 111 and Conde de Vila Flor, 270 Villiers (British ambassador), 91 foreign soldiers, 307 Vimiero, 90 reforms by, 276 Vintistas , 110 , 131 , 335 trading companies, 357 and Brazilian independence, Treaty of 1825, 144 – 45 Portuguese recognition of Brazil, 195 conservative attacks on, 137 succession unresolved, 197 distrust of Carta , 251 Treaty of El Pardo 1778, 55 Viradeira , 35 , 105 Treaty of Madrid 1750 (“Treaty of the Visconde de Santar ém, 138 Limits”), 55 Treaty of San Ildefonso 1777, 55 War of Independence, 124 Trienio Liberal , 103 , 108 War of the Cabanos , 1832, 379 Typhis Pernambucano , 174 War of the Oranges, 86 Warsaw Constitution, 125 Ultramontanism, 136 Wellington, Duke of (Sir Arthur University of Coimbra, 21 , 46 , 65 Wellesley), 90 , 92 , 211 , 213 , 216 , natural sciences at, 41 233 , 266 , 302 , 309 , 313 , 314 , 362