DOCSLIB.ORG

University Microfilms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently tacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)''. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog * number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. University Microfilms 3Q0 North Zaeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 4B106 A Xerox Education Company 73-11,585 SUTHERLAND, Anthony Xavier, 1944- JOZEF TISO AND MODERN SLOVAKIA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1972 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1973 ANTHONY XAVIER SUTHERLAND ALL RIGHTS RESERVED J02EF TISO AND MODERN SLOVAKIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Anthony Xavier Sutherland, B.A.,M.A. The Ohio State University 1972 Approved hy Adviser G Department of History PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to thank Dr. Carole Rogel of The Ohio State University under whose guidance this paper was written. I also wish to thank The Ohio State University, Department of History which provided me with a travel grant and the Graduate School of The Ohio State University for the Dissertation Fellowship which enabled me to complete the research for this project, A special word of thanks goes to*Dr. Milan Durica of the University of Padua and Frantisek Vnuk of Australia who guided much of the early research. I want to extend my appreciation to Dr. Jozef Kirschbaum for the use of his private library, to Rev, Andrew Pier, Director of the Slovak Institute who loaned me many books, to Dr. Jozef Pauco for the use of his library, and to Dr. Karol Murin, Dr, Frano Tiso, Dr, Jozef Mikus, and Dr. Jorg Hoensch who answered my many questions. VITA August 15» 1944. , . Born - Suffern, New York June, 1 9 6 6. B.A., St, Vincent College Latrobe, Pennsylvania I966-I9 6 8, ...... Teaching Assistant, Department of History, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania August, 1968 , . , . , M.A. Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1968-1971 . Teaching Associate, Department of History, The Ohio State Univer­ sity, Columbus, Ohio 1971-1972 . Dissertation Fellowship, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY East Central Europe. Professor Carole Rogel Twentieth Century Europe. Professor Andreas Dorpalen Russian History. Professor Michael Curran Modern Chinese History. Professor Samuel Chu TABLE OP CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................ ii VITA ..........., ................................ iii INTRODUCTION .................................. 1 Chapter I. THE SLOVAK POLITICAL TRADITION. ..... 4 II. THE FORMATIVE YEARS AND EARLY POLITICAL CAREER (TO 1929).......... 39 III. THE STRUGGLE FOR AUTONOMY ........... 62 IV. FROM AUTONOMY TO INDEPENDENCE (1938-1939).......................... 106 V. HEAD OF THE SLOVAK STATE (1939-19^5). • 1^9 VI. IDEOLOGIST OF THE STATE .............. 200 CONCLUSIONS....................................... 234 APPENDIX A ............................................... 239 B ......... 2^7 C ............................................... 2^9 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................. 252 INTRODUCTION April 18, 1972 marked the 25th anniversary of the execution of Jozef Tiso, leader of the Slovak Peoples* Party and president of the wartime Slovak Republic (1939-19^5)• His execution by the National Tribunal followed one of the most debated trials in all Slovak history. Opened December 2, 19^6, it ended March 19» 19^7 with Tiso's conviction for treason for his partici­ pation in the collapse of the inter-war Czechoslovak Republic and for crimes against the people of Slovakia, especially his suppression of the Slovak Uprising of 19^. Jozef Tiso remains, however, one of the key person­ alities in modern Slovak history. Born near the end of the 19th century and ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1910, Tiso entered political life through the Slovak Populist Party in 1918-1919 during the first months of the Czechoslovak Republic, He rose rapidly in the party, becoming first a party vice-president and then, after 1938, successor to Andrej Hlinka and leader of the party. 1 2 During most of the interwar period, he served as a deputy for the party in the Prague Parliament, and in the 1930's was the party's leading ideologist. In 1938 after the advent of Slovak autonomy, Tiso became Prime Minister of the first Slovak government. After the German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia in March 1939$ he was elected president of the separate Slovak state. Tiso's importance, however, lies not only in his role as political leader, but also because he was a self- proclaimed interpreter of the Slovak national ideology. To many Tiso became a symbol of the Slovak nation itself for he headed the first independent Slovak state in historyi Tiso was very much conscious of Slovak history and made regular references to Slovak national tradition v t and former Slovak leaders like Stur, Daxner, Kuzmany, Moyses and Hlinka, men with whose work he felt con­ tinuity, Jozef Tiso is the single most controversial figure in modern Slovak history. To some he was a martyr, the greatest Slovak of the century and leader of the nation's destiny through the most glorious period in its history. To others he was a traitor who helped in the destruction of the Czechoslovak Republic, a quisling who for five years obediently served the interests of Nazi Germany. Yet, there have been few individuals in the history of the Slovak nation or of any nation that have been more neglected by historians than Jozef Tiso. No scholarly account of his life has appeared since his death in 19^7. Only one study, Po Svatoplukovi druha nasa hlava. has been published by the noted Slovak pub- v ^ licist, Konstantin Culen, but half of this book, unfor­ tunately, dealt with Tiso's trial; furthermore the work was written with a very pronounced anti-Czech and anti- Protestant bias. There have been a few short monographs on Tiso published - one Dr. Joseph Tiso by Prantisek Vnuk, and another by Milan Durica, Die slowakische Politik 1938/39 im Lichte der Staatslehre Tisos. - but other than these virtually nothing has been written. Even Marxist historians in Czechoslovakia have for the past twenty-five years cautiously avoided a study of Tiso, though several works have appeared on Slovak Populists and various aspects of the Slovak Republic, but in these Tiso has been given little attention. There is a need now for an objective examination of Jozef Tiso both as a political leader and as a major ideologist of the Slovak nation. It is hoped that this study will open the door to a better understanding of the life and work of one of the most important Slovak per­ sonalities. CHAPTER I THE SLOVAK POLITICAL TRADITION The Slovak Populist movement was the most impor­ tant political and ideological force in modern Slovak history, Organized in the late 19th century, it became the foremost bearer of Slovak nationalism and defender of Slovak national rights in the 20th century. In the years before 1918 it led the struggle against Magyari- zation and during the period of the Czechoslovak Repub­ lic fought Czech centralism and the idea of a united Czechoslovak nation. Its national ideology was deeply rooted in the Slovak past and based on the premise that the Slovak people had always formed a distinct nation, characterized by a unique language and having just claim to a precise geographic territory. Although no Slovak political ideology existed before the 19th century, the historical assumptions for a national ideology and for the Populist movement revert back to the Middle Ages - to the time of the Kingdom of Great Moravia, Great Moravia was the first 5 known Slavic political unit which included the area that later became Slovakia.^ Centered in Nitra, Slovakia, it included at its height most of the territory of present day Czechoslovakia, and lasted until the early 10th century when it finally fell to the invading Magyars. Although there was no real link between Great Moravia and modern Slovakia, the existence of a Great Moravia has played an important role in the development of a political ideology. Many Slovaks during the national awakening of the 19th century came to regard Great Moravia as the first Slovak state. In their writings they glorified its history and the exploits of its rulers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 20. ABBILDUNGEN UND KARTEN 1978 Abbildungen Und Karten
    20. ABBILDUNGEN UND KARTEN 1978 Abbildungen und Karten Abb. 1: Festzug zum 60. Regierungsjubiläum des Kaisers und Königs Franz Joseph I., Wien, 12. Juni 1908: Franz Joseph mit Kaiser Wilhelm II. Abb. 2: Abfahrt eines österreichisch-ungarischen Regiments an die Front, Anfang August 1914 Abbildungen und Karten 1979 Abb. 3: Mobilmachung in Belgrad/Beograd, Anfang August 1914 Abb. 4: Österreichisch-ungarische Truppen nehmen eine serbische MG-Kompanie gefangen, Herbst 1915 1980 Abbildungen und Karten Abb. 5: Im eroberten Serbien: Deutsch-österreichisch-ungarisch-bulgarische Verbrüderung, Herbst 1915 Abb. 6: Serbien unter k.u.k. Militärverwaltung: Serbische Bauern bringen Heu zu einer Sammel- stelle Abbildungen und Karten 1981 Abb. 7: Umsturz in Prag/Praha, 28. Oktober 1918: Menschenmenge vor dem Wenzels-Denkmal Abb. 8: Die Proklamation der Unabhängigkeit des Staates der Slowenen, Kroaten und Serben vom Balkon des Saborgebäudes in Agram/Zagreb, 29. Oktober 1918 1982 Abbildungen und Karten Abb. 9: Adresse des Vizepräsidenten des Nationalrates SHS, Ante Pavelić, an den Prinzregenten Aleksandar, Belgrad/Beograd, 1. Dezember 1918 Abb. 10: Der tschechoslowakische Präsident Tomáš G. Masaryk wird auf dem Wenzelsplatz in Prag/ Praha von der Bevölkerung und Legionären willkommen geheißen, 21. Dezember 1918 Abbildungen und Karten 1983 Abb. 11: Leichenbegängnis für die am 27. Jänner 1919 in Marburg/Maribor von slowenischen Truppen erschossenen deutschen Demonstranten Abb. 12: Défilé des tschechoslowakischen Heeres in Pressburg/Bratislava, 4.-5. Februar 1919 1984 Abbildungen und Karten Abb. 13: Die Hauptvertreter der alliierten Mächte auf der Pariser Friedenskonferenz, Frühjahr 1919: v. li. David Lloyd George, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson Abb. 14: Der österreichische Staatskanzler Karl Renner unterzeichnet in Saint-Germain-en-Laye den Friedensvertrag, 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Slovakia's Righteous Among the Nations
    Slovakia’s Righteous among the Nations Gila Fatran Slovak-Jewish relations, an important factor in the rescue of Jews during the Holocaust, were influenced in no small part by events that took place in the latter third of the 19th century. That century saw the national awakening of oppressed nations. The Slovak nation, ruled by the Hungarians for 1,000 years, was struggling at the time for its national existence. The creation of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy led in 1867 to the granting of equal civil rights to the Jews in the empire in the assumption that they would assimilate nationally and culturally into the state. At the same time the Hungarian leaders stepped up their suppression of the Slovak nation. The integration of the Jews into the developing economic and cultural life and the continued improvement in their situation alongside the suppression of the aspirations of the Slovaks, were used by the political and church representatives of the Slovak nation to fan the flames of Jew-hatred and to blame the Jews for the difficult lot of the Slovak People. During this period many Slovak publications also addressed the existence of a “Jewish Question” in a negative sense: blaming the Jews for all of the Slovak society’s ills. During this era, one of the central reasons behind the rise of Slovak antisemitism was the economic factor. At the same time, the slogan “Svoj k svojmu,” which, freely translated, means “Buy only from your own people,” registered a series of “successes” in neighboring countries. However, when nationalists, using this motto, launched a campaign to persuade Slovaks to boycott Jewish-owned shops, their efforts proved unsuccessful.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Alberta
    University of Alberta Making Magyars, Creating Hungary: András Fáy, István Bezerédj and Ödön Beöthy’s Reform-Era Contributions to the Development of Hungarian Civil Society by Eva Margaret Bodnar A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History and Classics © Eva Margaret Bodnar Spring 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Abstract The relationship between magyarization and Hungarian civil society during the reform era of Hungarian history (1790-1848) is the subject of this dissertation. This thesis examines the cultural and political activities of three liberal oppositional nobles: András Fáy (1786-1864), István Bezerédj (1796-1856) and Ödön Beöthy (1796-1854). These three men were chosen as the basis of this study because of their commitment to a two- pronged approach to politics: they advocated greater cultural magyarization in the multiethnic Hungarian Kingdom and campaigned to extend the protection of the Hungarian constitution to segments of the non-aristocratic portion of the Hungarian population.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Anthropoid
    Operation Anthropoid The most significant resistance action of World War II Jindra Svitáková Based on the trilogy Life to Some – Death to Others By Jaroslav Čvančara U k á z k a k n i h y z i n t e r n e t o v é h o k n i h k u p e c t v í w w w . k o s m a s . c z , U I D : K O S 2 3 5 3 0 8 © Jindra Svitáková, Jaroslav Čvančara, 2017 © Translation Dagmar Johnson-Šišková, 2017 © Centrum české historie, 2017 Copying of the text or any use of or quoting from the text from this book is fully allowed, provided that the source and the name of the author are clearly stated. Any use of the photographic material and documentation is subject to prior consultation with the author. ISBN 978-80-88162-14-4 ISBN 978-80-88162-13-1 (PDF) ISBN 978-80-88162-18-6 (angl. vyd.) ISBN 978-80-88162-19-3 (angl. vyd. PDF) Ukázka knihy z internetového knihkupectví www.kosmas.cz Operation Anthropoid The most significant resistance action of World War II Jindra Svitáková Based on the trilogy Life to Some – Death to Others By Jaroslav Čvančara U k á z k a k n i h y z i n t e r n e t o v é h o k n i h k u p e c t v í w w w . k o s m a s . c z , U I D : K O S 2 3 5 3 0 8 “It is my final decision to destroy Czechoslovakia by military action in the near future.” (Adolf Hitler, 30 May 1938) Map of the annexed republic 938 brought bad news to the citizens of Czechoslovakia 1from the very start.
    [Show full text]
  • Portugal, Slovakia, and the Political Counter- Reformation of the Twentieth Century (1910- 1939)
    23 ZuZana Poláčková – Pieter C. van Duin Portugal, Slovakia, and the political Counter- reformation of the twentieth century (1910- 1939) This essay tries to make a comparative analysis of the political dynamics of Portugal and Slovakia in the first half of the twentieth century (1910-1939) in terms of the significance of conservative political Catholicism. The two countries belonged to a group of nations in Europe in which there was a strong reaction to political liberalism, progressive republicanism, cultural secularism, and socialism. This an- tagonism can arguably be seen as a modern continuation of the historic conflict between the Protestant and humanist Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Its twentieth-century manifestation was of course somewhat different from the original sixteenth- and seventeenth-century conflict. After the eighteenth century the historic force of anti-Catholic Reformation was mainly expressed in the form of intellectual Enlightenment, anti-clericalism, and social and cultural progressivism. But it would seem that in many ways the dynamics and aggressive energy of this great cultural confrontation was continued during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, although in a modified ideological and political shape. The years between 1910 and 1940 were the period when the conflict between political progressivism and Catholic conservatism reached its culmination. In Portugal the forces of cultural secularism and liberal republicanism were defeated by the new authoritarian regime led by Salazar. In Slovakia the foundation and then the end of the First Czechoslovak Republic brought the rise and then the victory of the Catho- lic opposition movement, the Slovak People’s Party of Andrej Hlinka and Jozef Tiso.
    [Show full text]
  • Der ‚Judenkönig' Der Edlgasse
    S: I. M. O. N. SHOAH: I NTERVENTION. M ETHODS. DOCUMENTATION. Michal Schvarc Der ‚Judenkönig‘ der Edlgasse Gustav Hauskrecht und die Verfolgung der Juden in Bratislava 1944/19451 Abstract The Holocaust in Slovakia was not only a result of the antisemitic policy of Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party regime headed by the Catholic priest Joseph Tiso, but also an initiative by the lower parts of society – the local aggressors. After the occupation of the country by Nazi Germany in the late summer of 1944, this situation partly changed, with the ‚solution of the Jewish question‘ becoming one of the top priorities of the occupying power. However, with- out the help of local helpers, this would hardly have been successful. One such case was Gus- tav Hauskrecht, the head of the so-called ‚Judensammelstelle‘ in Bratislava. This convinced National Socialist and uncompromising antisemite contributed significantly to the persecu- tion of Jews in the Slovak capital at the end of the war and bears a joint responsibility for their deportation to the Nazi concentration camps. This article is an attempt to biographically profile one of the main perpetrators responsible for Shoah in Slovakia. Im Juni 1961 traf sich Simon Wiesenthal in Wien mit Samson Fischer. Fischer, gebürtiger Berliner, hatte den Holocaust in Bratislava überlebt, der Hauptstadt des ersten Satellitenstaates des nationalsozialistischen Deutschland in Europa, wohin seine Eltern bald nach seiner Geburt umgezogen waren.2 Kurz nach der Zusammen- kunft schrieb Fischer Wiesenthal, er habe vergessen, ihm über zwei in der Bundes- republik Deutschland lebende „prominente Nazigrössen“ zu berichten. Einer von ihnen hieß Gustav Hauskrecht.
    [Show full text]
  • Bratislava 2020
    VEDECKÝ INTERNETOVÝ ČASOPIS KATEDRY HISTÓRIE PEDAGOGICKEJ FAKULTY UNIVERZITY KOMENSKÉHO V BRATISLAVE 1/2020 Bratislava 2020 VERBUM HISTORIAE 1/2020 Bratislava 2020 2 VERBUM HISTORIAE 1/2020 1/2020 Vedecký internetový časopis Katedry histórie Pedagogickej fakulty UK v Bratislave - http://www.fedu.uniba.sk/sucasti/katedry/katedra-historie/casopis- verbum-historiae/ - http://verbum-historiae.blogspot.sk/ [email protected] Editori: Mgr. Miriam Viršinská, PhD. Mgr. Pavol Makyna, PhD. Redakčná rada: prof. PhDr. Róbert Letz, PhD. – predseda (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) prof. PhDr. Július Bartl, CSc. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) prof. Zdeněk Beneš, CSc. (Univerzita Karlova, Praha) PhDr. Anna Bocková, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) doc. Mgr. Ing. arch. Andrej Botek, PhD. (Slovenské technická univerzita, Bratislava) dr. Jure Gašparič, PhD. (Ústav najnovších dejín, Ľubľana) dr. Jaromir Jeszke (Univerzita Adama Mickiewicza, Poznaň) doc. PhDr. Miroslav Kamenický, CSc. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) Mgr. Pavol Makyna, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) doc. Pavol Matula, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) PhDr. Michal Pehr, Ph.D. (Masarykov ústav a archív Akadémie vied ČR, Praha) doc. Ondrej Podolec, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) prof. Alain Soubigou (Parížska univerzita, Paríž) Mgr. Monika Tihányiová, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) PhDr. Mária Tonková, Csc. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) PhDr. et PeadDr. Marek Šmíd, PhD. (Jihočeská univerzita, České Budějovice) Mgr. Miriam Viršinská, PhD. (Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava) Recenzenti: Prof. PhDr. Róbert Letz, PhD., Mgr. Martin Garek, PhD., PhDr. Milica Majeriková- Molitoris, PhD. Grafická úprava: Mgr. Pavol Makyna, PhD. © Vydáva Katedra histórie, Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Komenského, Račianska 59, Bratislava Vychádza 2x ročne, 8. ročník ISSN: 1339-4053 (online) Fotografia na titulnej strane: Nádražná ulica v Malackách na začiatku 20. storočia (zdroj: https://gallery.hungaricana.hu/en/SzerencsKepeslap/1368939/?img=0).
    [Show full text]
  • “The Whole Lot, Czechs, Magyars, Poles, Jugos, Roumanians, Should Be Put in a Bag and Shaken up and Then Handed Over to A
    “The whole lot, Czechs, Magyars, Poles, Jugos, Roumanians, should be put in a bag and shaken up and then handed over to a decent Briton to administer.” A Contribution on the British Perception of Czech-German Relations in Czechoslovakia to 1933 Lukáš Novotný INTRODUCTION On 28 October 1918, the “Czechoslovak National Committee’s Proclamation of the In- dependence of the Czechoslovak State” was issued, formally declaring the establish- ment of a new state. At the end of November 1918 the first Czechoslovak President, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (TGM), sailed to Great Britain to meet with leading Brit- ish politicians on the future borders of the new state, although the peace conference which was to determine the Czechoslovak borders did not begin until 18 January 1919. TGM thought that London, alongside France, would play an important role in shaping the new state of affairs in Central Europe.1 The establishment of the Czechoslovak state at the end of October 1918 was a re- ality, which British politicians, or rather diplomats at the Foreign Office, would have to learn to work with. One illustration of this is an article entitled All Bohemia for the Czechs which stated that the representatives of the peace treaty had promised Karel Kramář and the future state the whole of historical Bohemia. William Tyrrell at the Foreign Office responded to this by asking whether that meant that the matter of the German areas in the north and west of Bohemia had now been definitively set- tled; he considered this to be of fundamental importance, and events were soon to prove him right.2 In mid-November 1918 in the Revolutionary National Assembly, the first Czechoslovak Prime Minister declared that the new state would not restrict its German citizens in any way in their cultural and language rights, but he also added that the state would be a Czech one.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Church in the Czech Lands During the Nazi
    STUDIA HUMANITATIS JOURNAL, 2021, 1 (1), pp. 192-208 ISSN: 2792-3967 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53701/shj.v1i1.22 Artículo / Article THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE CZECH LANDS DURING THE NAZI OCCUPATION IN 1939–1945 AND AFTER1 LA IGLESIA CATÓLICA EN LOS TERRITORIOS CHECOS DURANTE LA OCUPACIÓN NAZI ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1939–1945 Y DESPUÉS Marek Smid Charles University, Czech Republic ORCID: 0000-0001-8613-8673 [email protected] | Abstract | This study addresses the religious persecution in the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia) during World War II, when these territories were part of the Bohemian and Moravian Protectorate being occupied by Nazi Germany. Its aim is to demonstrate how the Catholic Church, its hierarchy and its priests acted as relevant patriots who did not hesitate to stand up to the occupying forces and express their rejection of their procedures. Both the domestic Catholic camp and the ties abroad towards the Holy See and its representation will be analysed. There will also be presented the personalities of priests, who became the victims of the Nazi rampage in the Czech lands at the end of the study. The basic method consists of a descriptive analysis that takes into account the comparative approach of the spiritual life before and after the occupation. Furthermore, the analytical-synthetic method will be used, combined with the subsequent interpretation of the findings. An additional method, not always easy to apply, is hermeneutics, i.e., the interpretation of socio-historical phenomena in an effort to reveal the uniqueness of the analysed texts and sources and emphasize their singularity in the cultural and spiritual development of Czech Church history in the first half of the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalistic Tendencies in the Slovak Roman Catholic Church
    Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 18 Issue 6 Article 2 12-1998 Nationalistic Tendencies in the Slovak Roman Catholic Church Frans Hoppenbrouwers Dutch Roman Catholic relief organisation Communicantes Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hoppenbrouwers, Frans (1998) "Nationalistic Tendencies in the Slovak Roman Catholic Church," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 18 : Iss. 6 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol18/iss6/2 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NATIONALISTIC TENDENCIES IN THE SLOVAK ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH1 by Frans Hoppenbrouwers Frans Hoppenbrouwers (*1962) is a Roman Catholic Church historian. He is secretary of studies of the Dutch Roman Catholic relief organisation Communicantes. INTRODUCTION After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the eclipse of the communist regimes that followed it, nationalistic tendencies2 apparently revived throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Appearances can deceive and so they did. It is clear now that nationalistic thinking was fostered throughout the communist era. Even the state itself contributed to that. Nationalism finally became manifest in the 1980’s, during the Perestroika period. It preceded the 1989 turnover as well as the resurgence of a number of states that had lost their existence after World War II or even before that, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Front Matter
    Memories of Youth: Slovak Jewish Holocaust Survivors and the Nováky Labor Camp Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Antony Polonsky & Joanna B. Michlic, Advisors In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for Master’s Degree by Karen Spira May 2011 Copyright by Karen Spira ! 2011 ABSTRACT Memories of Youth: Slovak Jewish Holocaust Survivors and the Nováky Labor Camp A thesis presented to the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Karen Spira The fate of Jewish children and families is one of the understudied social aspects of the Holocaust. This thesis aims to fill in the lacuna by examining the intersection of Jewish youth and families, labor camps, and the Holocaust in Slovakia primarily using oral testimonies. Slovak Jewish youth survivors gave the testimonies to the Yad Vashem Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority in Jerusalem, Israel. Utilizing methodology for examining children during the Holocaust and the use of testimonies in historical writing, this thesis reveals the reaction of Slovak Jewish youth to anti-Jewish legislation and the Holocaust. This project contributes primary source based research to the historical record on the Holocaust in Slovakia, the Nováky labor camp, and the fate of Jewish youth. The testimonies reveal Jewish daily life in pre-war Czechoslovakia, how the youth understood the rise in antisemitism, and how their families ultimately survived the Holocaust. Through an examination of the Nováky labor camp, we learn how Jewish families and communities were able to remain together throughout the war, maintain Jewish life, and how they understood the policies and actions enacted upon them.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Stability and the Division of Czechoslovakia
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1996 Political Stability and the Division of Czechoslovakia Timothy M. Kuehnlein Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Kuehnlein, Timothy M., "Political Stability and the Division of Czechoslovakia" (1996). Master's Theses. 3826. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3826 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POLITICAL STABILITY AND THE DIVISION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA by Timothy M. Kuehnlein, Jr. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Political Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1996 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of this project was both a tedious and rewarding experience. With the highest expectations for the style and content of the presentation, I have attempted to be as concise yet thorough as possible in the presentation and defense of the argument. The composition of this thesis entails nearly two years of diligent work outside of general course studies. It includes preliminary readings in Central and East European affairs, an extensive excursion throughout the Czech and Slovak republics with readings in the theory of political stability, the history and politics of Czecho­ slovakia, in addition to composing the text. My pursuit was driven by a passion for the topic, a quest for know­ ledge and understanding, and the argument's potential for continued development.
    [Show full text]