MMW 13 Lecture 11 May 21  Trans-hemispheric Transformations

Involved four critical dimensions Four Dimensions

1. Alterity: sense of otherness; non-self a. not a mere encounter! But cultural construction of others

2. Knowledge:

3. Sovereignty

4. Capital The Flat earth Sphericity versus flatearthism?

 Circular; Spherical is now

“Edge of the world” a metaphor in-between meeting point increasingly

Accepted

Nuova Incognita enhanced the Geographia (Ptolemy) 150 C.E. 1406 translation into Latin Image du Monde New maps: the rise of the “Globe” Anamorphic perspective Holbein (1533) 1485

 “And if you were to paint this on a wall in front of which you can move freely, the effect would appear out of proportion to you because of the great difference OR and RC (the intervals). This happens because the eye is so close to the wall that the painting appears foreshortened. And if you wished to paint that, however, your perspective would have to be viewed through a single hole.”  http://discoveringdavinci.tumblr.com/post/51275998117/ example-of-leonardos-eye-anamorphic-illusion. King Edward VI by William Scrots anamorphic profile Stretching and Distorting images

Relativism through space and positionality Florence Filippino Lippi (1459-1504)

 Fresco. Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence The Dispute with Simon Magus Self-portrait: the self as mirrored spherical (1433)

Depth; single point  parallel lines appear to converge at a single point in the distance

Interior space: Duomo

Filippo Brunelleschi & Columbus Manipulating the interior for exterior impact Exterior space: plaza and streets Palmanova (1593) Nicosia, Cyprus (1567) The emptiness of space in relational terms Renaissance space

Caillebotte's Paris Street; rainy day Edwards Hopper New understanding of space

Based on a Grid system

 Accuracy and perspective from an angel Ciudad Colonial “Planned cities”

 Santo Domingo (1498)

 San Juan (1521)

 Puebla (1531) New urbanization

 CITY PLANNING: Making towns through grids LA TRAZA: layout of patterns on which new cities in the Americas were built

 Popularized throughout the Renaissance

 Military advantage, including military parades

 Administrative efficacy

 crowd control Laws of the Indies: new communities

 “Laws of Burgos: set of codified laws governing the behavior of Spaniards and Encomiendas (natives forcibly grouped to work under colonial law).

 The Spanish Requirement of 1513: Right to conquest justified by natural law, but also guideline for the Spaniards to conduct themselves in relation with the natives “Indians” and specific ways new settlements need to be laid out.

1542 New Laws

 : Americas and Philippine possessions

Regulation of social, economic and political life New Towns

 detailed the form and measurements of SPACING or orientation of space

a) central Plaza: residence of civic and religious officials or vecinos (at the heart)

b) Church

c) businesses

d) STREETS: ” Festivities and/or military parades or operations

c) Center: Spanish; margins: “Indians” Margins of the city PARIS 19th century

 Haussmann's Paris Caillebotte's Paris Street; rainy day Washington D.C. Leon Battista Alberti

 Della Pittura

 Optics comes from NATURE

 “the harmony of all parts in relation to one another”

 Historia: people, animals, and buildings create harmony among each other in harmony De Re Aedificatoria (1452)

 Leon Battista Alberti

 Model: Vitruvius’ de architectura

 1485: the first printed book on the subject De Re Aedificatoria

 Square; Hexagon; Octagon; Decagon; Dodecagon

 ALL FROM CIRCLE

 Geometrical figures maintain CLEAR UNITY that bind all the elements and elevations in a single HARMONY

 Same harmony can be found in music What is the significance of harmony?

 Provided a new discourse of legitimacy for “discovering” or measuring the external coordinates, relations, meeting points of things, peoples and worlds “Scientific Revolution”

 “revolution” not used until 1747, Alexis Claude Clairaut (1713-1765)

Discovery of oxygen (1789) by Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)

 Roots in previous scientific developments

 Emergence of Mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, and chemistry as experimental fields of inquiry Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543