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L'imprimeur Des Libertés Document generated on 10/04/2021 9:30 a.m. Cap-aux-Diamants La revue d'histoire du Québec L’imprimeur des libertés Jean-Paul de Lagrave 350 fois Montréal Number 27, Fall 1991 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/7927ac See table of contents Publisher(s) Les Éditions Cap-aux-Diamants inc. ISSN 0829-7983 (print) 1923-0923 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article de Lagrave, J.-P. (1991). L’imprimeur des libertés. Cap-aux-Diamants, (27), 30–33. Tous droits réservés © Les Éditions Cap-aux-Diamants inc., 1991 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ FLEURY MESPLET L'IMPRIMEUR DES LIBERTÉS Qui est ce Fleury Mesplet? Un fou de l'imprimerie qui a l'au­ dace de publier en iroquois? Un pamphlétaire, émule de Ben­ jamin Franklin et de Voltaire? Oui, un peu de tout cela. Il est également, selon certains, un être insolent et dangereux. Pour d'autres, un gardien des «belles lettres» et un farouche adver­ saire des préjugés. Monsieur Mesplet, qui êtes-vous, au juste? par Jean-Paul de Lagrave* L N APPARTIENT QU A LA LIBERTE DE CONNAITRE LA « I, vérité et de la dire», assure Voltaire dans l'avant-propos de son Histoire du parlement en 1769. Le maître imprimeur Fleury Mesplet le prouve à sa façon au Québec en y devenant le diffuseur des Lumières dans le dernier quart du xvnie siècle. Avant la venue de Mesplet à Mont­ réal, cette diffusion, telle que la conçoit Voltaire et les autres Philosophes, n'a pas vraiment commencé au Canada. L'imprimeur emploie tous les moyens que lui donne son art pour faire connaître les grands principes «philosophi­ ques» et en montrer les applications possibles dans la vie concrète des habitants, et cela dans te contexte de la guerre d'Indépendance des États-Unis d'Amérique, puis de la Révolution française. Mesplet est un personnage clé de l'histoire des idées au Québec et au Canada. On imprime...en iroquois! Né à Marseille le 18 janvier 1734, fils et petit-fils de maîtres imprimeurs, il installe ses presses en braire Jean Deville. Le beau-frère de Fleury Mes­ 1776 à Montréal, où il publie le premier journal plet, François de Los Rios, aussi propriétaire littéraire (1778-1779) et le premier périodique d'une librairie, est l'ami de Joseph Vasselier, le d'information (1785-1794). Entre 1776 et 1794, il principal correspondant de Voltaire à Lyon. imprime 96 titres de livres et de brochures. Il faut ajouter que Mesplet publie le premier almanach Fleury Mesplet n'a que vingt ans quand il prend français en Amérique ainsi que le premier livre la direction de l'imprimerie-librairie de sa tante, illustré au Canada. Il imprime en français, en Marguerite Capeau-Girard, à Avignon. Le jeune anglais et aussi en latin et en iroquois. imprimeur retourne à Lyon vers 1760. Peut-être influencé par Los Rios, qui écrit dans ses Mé­ Fleury Mesplet est né à Une famille «de papier» moires que l'Angleterre «est le Pérou de l'Eu­ Marseille le 18 janvier rope, le plus beau séjour pour ceux qui veulent 1734. Issu d'une famille Fleury Mesplet reçoit sa formation dans l'atelier vivre en liberté», Mesplet s'établit à Londres en d'imprimeurs, il émigré 1773. Son imprimerie fonctionne durant une an­ aux États-Unis en 1774 de son père Jean-Baptiste Mesplet à Lyon, rue où il exerce son métier Mercière, la grande rue des imprimeurs et li­ née au cœur de la capitale, à Covent Garden. Il y pour le Congrès améri­ braires lyonnais. La famille s'est installée dans fait paraître son premier livre connu, imprimé cain. A la demande de cette ville vers 1738. Jean-Baptiste Mesplet et son sous son nom. C'est un ouvrage d'histoire, La Franklin, il vient s'éta­ père, Jean Mesplet, sont originaires d'Agen, Louisiane ensanglantée, dans lequel le cheva­ blir à Montréal en 1776 où il mourra en 1794. dans l'ancienne province de Guyenne. À Lyon, lier Jean de Champigny appelle l'Angleterre au (Anonyme. Musée du les Mesplet sont associes à Aimé de La Roche, le secours des Louisianais abandonnés aux Espa­ Québec). fondateur du premier journal lyonnais et au li­ gnols par le gouvernement de Louis xv. 30 CAP-AUX-DIAMANTS, Numéro 27 Automne 1991 Aux côtés de Franklin GAZETTE Londres baigne dans un climat politique où Ben­ DU COM M E R CE jamin Franklin joue un rôle décisif, alors que se ET LITXE- X J I R E, perçoivent les signes avant-coureurs du grand Pour ta Ville 8c Dulria de MONTREAL. défi des «insurgents». Pour ses quarante ans, Mesplet se retrouve avec ses presses à Philadel­ I J— »77«- phie, aux côtés des Fils de la Liberté. Dès 1774, il AUX CITOYENS. qucJqurt pcribunei, aaaàt aies 1 afanerea. La Semaine lui tus» , relui qui «'eût pat eUf •« devient l'imprimeur de langue française du jener un coup «"«cri fut k Papier précédenr. (aiGsi avec ttidtc k (ui/ant, patte qu'il Congrès américain et, à ce titre, il imprime des C m* firticite de «Ma avow propoCE l't- flattera Ion caraâcrc, «u fera puai à U portée J (tblirTemeat d'im Papier Périodique, aca de (n coaaaeaifàncct, let tatera t m (étont pl«a Ni IIM par ripport à flw-orfnK , que par familier», >ei oli/eti pcinti de aianaere qu'a lettres collectives destinées aux habitants du ira avantage i ouc «out n mireret. Je voh • ait pu befoui de nucrofeopc pour kt ap- ejue plute-uti d rnuc voiti, Wcûiruri, m'en- percevoir : chacun Mur 1 Mur j tr«uvcra fan Québec, les incitant à secouer le joug de la courafcnt pif km Soofcriptioae, Il que •anufrcicat «u CM «v'ructaan. Le père de malgré b dikrtc prcfenie de « qui peut fanail* trouvera dci rcilùvrccs poor procurer ietérefles k Commerce ou d'iorrn objet! qui de l'éducation 1 ke enfant- Le» mfini p tyrannie et à se joindre au mouvement de libéra­ JUttcTsit votre cunoù-i . «out recevez avec liront det précrrnci dont la nni que tara emote iTtsrtent ktoorea fia et/ta que je vawtt avaKafjcute. Let dafféttotn «aatmet «va tion des colonies britanniques d'Amérique du ai (akci, de travailler autant qu'a fera* 1 feront trancet pi».sont ana uni , dcplaarOM mon pouvoir pour la fniifaûion de mua k lui lutrei, man chacun aura fan «Mr. D'origine française, Nord. Ces lettres imprégnées du souffle des Lu­ d'ua chacun en particular. M cft peu de Province qui aient be loin Je miiwi p*opoS de remplir la Feuille d'en coûtée meat avant que cerle que nojt Fleury Mesplet (1734- Ce i AvcniAVmcnrl public* It «et arLu-ea qui habita ni ; on peut dire c« général. que ht mières, empruntent en particulier les voix de qurioîcnc uiiirrtfrx k Commerce. L'un te p"*'* ne i uTtw ouverts qa'iu commercr dea 1794) accompagne Ben­ I 'luire manquent pour le préfesit. Peu d'A- chuta qu i tcnde»t I la iti *I»A ion «ci fean. Montesquieu et de Beccaria. \ en locuteur, vu que k Pacaer «'«ft pat V v-osi pMUw , aV t jau-t-j encore une Bs jamin Franklin à Mont­ «•cor* connu : arowa bues . Heaucun , «urn bhenboqoe «u mertte w débru d'une Bible - uienq-x «04, k tVuatJM prcCrnte quant lu ibrque qu> putttt «tre regarde coaunc un réal en 1776 et décide Cnmcnerce • «n rem te que a ce je croit «'i«"ir mocumeue , «M d'une Science protottdc, de s'y fixer. Il fonde en aucun reproche à recevoir pour cet deua m** de l'enraie It du dcfâr de (mut V«ul an Kiel. ton viendrez Ucaaeutt, que My a prêtera 1778 La Gazette du Quant tu E morceaux varié* de fjfiéranrr, b plut (node parue fe MOT tn/errru i dans Ancien Régime et Lumières j tfpcre me mettre à I abri par k ton t|«* je une fnWrc bien étroite; ce o'eft pat faurc commerce et littéraire prendrai pour voua procurer ecus qot je de difpofitntnou de bonne volonté d'aerjué. croirai let plut i mutaet t It lea «tu» iafli-jc rir eki eonaniffiia rtl , triait faute d'actaton. pour la ville et district lafi. Je n'igncf e poàoc k daancvJtc «k plaire 1 Soui k ri-gne précédent voua «'étiez en par­ -Mi â b feit ; uuia qu'arrivera-1 -d t La tie «ccopéa tfoc del ttoublet qui ajnroKar de Montréal. La guerre de libération s'étant étendue jusqu'au Feuille qui contiendra «ne plut Rraaoc quasi- votre l't ov i ne t, v oui ne receviez de l'Europe l«c de Nuiktai ttricufca «a ptaâta pat i crue ce qoi pouvorj urWaàrc vot iaMcrto ou {Anonyme, Musée du Québec, où la complicité de la majorité des T.QML *^ habitants avait permis aux Fils de la Liberté de Québec). refouler les forces britanniques dans la capitale, bien nourries, en raison de l'attitude de la popu­ Franklin est nommé, comme il l'écrit lui-même, lation qui sympathise avec les «rebelles». Les «une sorte de gouverneur» de la «Province», miliciens américains repassent la frontière.
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