DOCSLIB.ORG

The Existence of Shia in Indonesia Between Tradition and Power of Government

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Existence of Shia in Indonesia Between Tradition and Power of Government Paramita:Paramita: Historical Historical Studies Studies Journal, Journal, 28 (2),28(2), 2018: 2018 125 -136 ISSN: 0854-0039, E-ISSN: 2407-5825 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v28i2.12912 THE EXISTENCE OF SHIA IN INDONESIA BETWEEN TRADITION AND POWER OF GOVERNMENT Wahyu Iryana1, Nina Herlina Lubis2, Mumuh Muhsin Z2, Kunto Sofianto2 1) Doctoral Program Student, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Padjadjaran University 2) Department of History and Philology, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Padjadjaran University ABSTRACT ABSTRAK The Shia movement in Indonesia until now Gerakan Syiah di Indonesia hingga saat ini still exists. Thus, the raised question is why masih ada. Dengan demikian, pertanyaan Shia can exist in Indonesia. The formulation yang diajukan adalah mengapa Syiah bisa of the problem in this study is what traditions ada di Indonesia. Rumusan masalah dalam can make Shia exist until now? What is the penelitian ini adalah tradisi apa yang dapat concept of leadership in Shia? What are the membuat Syiah tetap ada sampai sekarang? Shia tactical organizations to drive Shia? The Apa konsep kepemimpinan di Syiah? Apa research method used is historical research organisasi taktis Syiah untuk mendorong Sy- methods, namely doing data collection iah? Metode penelitian yang digunakan ada- (heuristics), selecting data (criticism), review- lah metode penelitian sejarah, yaitu ing and analyzing (interpretation), and writing melakukan pengumpulan data (heuristik), history (historiography). The results of the memilih data (kritik), mengkaji dan study can be concluded that the traditions of- menganalisis (interpretasi), dan menulis se- ten carried out by Shiites including Ahlulbait, jarah (historiografi). Hasil penelitian dapat Al-Bada', Ashura, Imamah, ‘Ishmuh, Mah- disimpulkan bahwa tradisi-tradisi sering dil- dawiyah, Marja'iyah, Raj'ah, Taqiyah, Ta- akukan oleh kaum Syiah termasuk Ahlulbait, wasul, Tawalli and Tabarri. Leadership theory Al-Bada ', Ashura, Imamah,' Ishmuh, Mah- in Islam, in essence the theory of leadership or dawiyah, Marja'iyah, Raj'ah, Taqiyah, Ta- power in Islam has two different conceptions, wasul, Tawalli dan Tabarri. Teori kepem- the first, the conception of Imammah impinan dalam Islam, pada intinya teori (leadership according to Shia specifically Sy'ah kepemimpinan atau kekuasaan dalam Islam Imammah) and second, the conception of the memiliki dua konsepsi yang berbeda, yang caliph (leadership according to Sunni pertama, konsepsi Imammah (kepemimpinan (Ahussunnah Wal Jamaah). The largest Shia menurut Syiah khusus Sy'ah Imammah) dan tactical organizations in Indonesia are IJABI kedua, konsepsi khalifah (kepemimpinan and ABI. menurut Sunni (Ahussunnah Wal Jamaah). Organisasi taktis terbesar di Indonesia adalah Keywords: Shia, Tradition and Power. IJABI dan ABI. Kata kunci: Syiah, Tradisi dan Kekuasaan Author correspondence Email: [email protected] 125 Available online at http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/paramita Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 28(2), 2018 INTRODUCTION is the way of packaging the doctrine of his Research on the existence of Shiain Indo- teachings wrapped in a term of "love" to nesia is very important to study because Ahlul Bait and his family. Islam, as a uni- there is less literature and information ex- versal religion and system for mankind in plaining about Shiite culture and power, all ages and places, is a combination of on the other hand, the majority of Indone- three essential elements: Aqeedah, sian population is Muslim, so as one of Shari'ah, and Akhlaq. And the Qur'an is the greatest mahzab in the world, Shia the first source of law that is revealed to needs to trace its historical roots to refer- the Messenger of Allah while the Prophet ences, and information about the spread himself is the explanation of everything of Shiah Islam in Indonesia in general can written and implied in it and the source of be well understood, at least why the Shia the second law with his sunnah. Undoubt- can survive and its movement still exist in edly, Muslims generally agree that the ob- Indonesia. The next reason why Shia is ligation to enforce Islamic laws (Shari'ah) important to study is that post-1979 white does not apply only to the lifetime of the reform in Iran is indicated to have an im- Messenger of Allah (SAW) of its enforce- pact on the systemic and the massive de- ment but shall remain forever until the velopment of Shia teachings in Indonesia, Day of Resurrection. including the realm of youth movement, Almost all Muslims regard the atti- as evidenced by the cadre of scholarships tude of opposing and changing the provi- through free scholarships to Iran (Qum ), sions of Allah and His Messenger as kufr. and the rise of Shia books of history in But the source of the Shari'ah has left his 1979 in Indonesia is as a part of the agitat- people who have just released the snares ing of Shia propagation. The phenomenon of jahiliyah in a relatively young age (63 of the emergence of the Ikatan Jamaah years). Muslims lose their source of law Ahlul Bait (IJABI) organization in Ban- and leaders. While the delivery and dung, Ahlul Bait of Indonesia (ABI) in Ja- presentation of three important elements karta seems to be the culmination marker have not been completed in the same of the Shia that has long been rooted to agreement among the religious leaders have branches to the regions in Indonesia. (leaders of the School) so as to cause a Moreover, some figures from IJABI and variety of perceptions that arise after the ABI are a plunge in election contestants death of Prophet Muhammad SAW, such as Jalalludin Rahmat, Dedi based on the understanding of each school Jamaudin Malik and so on. The research then it is natural that the perception differ- method used is historical research meth- ence existed until now. This is a part of ods. That is doing data collection the unfinished apostolic task of delivering, (heuristics), selecting data (criticism), re- and the caliphs, the companions, the tabi'it viewing and analyzing (interpretation), and tabi'in are the successors of the Proph- and writing history (historiography). From et Muhammad, who seek only, deter- the above description, the author tries to mined and endeavored to understand and address the issues to be discussed as fol- to interpret the apostolic tasks that have lows. Nevertheless, in this paper, what not yet been communicated to his people. will be studied is what makes Shia exist in Starting from the interpretation and un- Indonesia. derstanding of the importance of aqeedah for the people, because in fact the aqeedah TRADITIONS OF SHIA TEACHINGS is the main part (usul). Aqeedah is also With regard to the first analysis to under- called Ushuluddin (religious principles) stand Shia teachings, the author tries to and by some Muslims is also known as expound the term of Shia understanding. "arkanul-faith" (the pillars of Faith). After Shia is the first political sect in Islam. The the death of the Prophet when entering the uniqueness of the Shia school as the oldest pre-khalifah era of his successor, there are controversial stream that still exists today some Muslims who began to embrace 126 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 28(2), 2018 some theological flow (al Mazhahib al he has set with new rules or decrees. Ac- Kalamiyah), such as Al Imamiyah, Al cording to the Shia school of thought, the Mu'tazilah, Al Asy'asriyah, Al Maturidi- change of God's decision is not because yah, Jabariyah, Al Khawarij, Ahlul Had- Allah knows a maslahat, which was not ith, Al Salafiyah or Al Wahabiyah and so previously known by Him (as is often re- on. As this creates the Islamic aqeedah garded by various parties). In Shia, such differently, and sometimes, it is even op- beliefs include kufr. Imam Ja'far al-Shidiq posite. Yet the area of theological differ- stated, "Whoever says Allah knows something ence can be narrowed down and divided that he does not know, and therefore he regrets, into two classes, between rationalists then that person for us has disbelieved in Al- (Imami and Mu'tazila) and textual dog- lah." According to the Shia school, the matics (Ash'ariyah and others). The first change is due to there are certain benefits group makes sense as the source of aqeed- that cause Allah to decide a case accord- ah while the second group makes the text ing to the circumstances of his day. For (naql) as the source of aqeedah. example, God's decision to replace Isma'il Unlike of Shia is better known as with sheep, whereas before Allah ordered furu'udin (branch of the subject) and fiqh. It Prophet Ibrahim to slaughter his son, is the realization of aqeedah. Muslims also Isma'il. follow some schools of fiqh (Al-Mazhahib Third, Asyura. Asyura comes from al Fiqhiyah), such as Al-Imamiyah or Al- the word 'asyarah which means ten. The Jafariyah, Al-Hanafiyah, Al-Malikiyah, above means the tenth day of the month Al-Hambaliyah, Al-Dhahiriyah and so on. of Muharram commemorating by jamaah But in general, Muslims can be divided of Shia as a day of general mourning to into two groups, namely the supporters of commemorate the death of Imam Husain friends and supporters of the holy family bin Ali and his family in the hands of of the Prophet (Ahl al-Bait). The two big Yazid bin Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan's groups are also often referred to as the troops in the year 61 H in Karabala, Iraq. Imami Shi'ism and Ahlussunnah Wal Ja- At the memorial service of Asyura, in ad- maah. The sources of Shia according to dition to commemorating the struggle of them are different. The essence of Shia Imam Husain bin Ali in establishing the teachings can be traced from ritual tradi- truth, the Shia members also read sholawat tion to a dispute between the Companions for the Prophet and his family, condemn- of Ali bin Abi Talib and Mu'awiyah bin ing the perpetrators of the killing of Hu- Abu Sofyan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Boko Haram Beyond the Headlines: Analyses of Africa’S Enduring Insurgency
    Boko Haram Beyond the Headlines: Analyses of Africa’s Enduring Insurgency Editor: Jacob Zenn Boko Haram Beyond the Headlines: Analyses of Africa’s Enduring Insurgency Jacob Zenn (Editor) Abdulbasit Kassim Elizabeth Pearson Atta Barkindo Idayat Hassan Zacharias Pieri Omar Mahmoud Combating Terrorism Center at West Point United States Military Academy www.ctc.usma.edu The views expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Combating Terrorism Center, United States Military Academy, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government. May 2018 Cover Photo: A group of Boko Haram fighters line up in this still taken from a propaganda video dated March 31, 2016. COMBATING TERRORISM CENTER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Director The editor thanks colleagues at the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point (CTC), all of whom supported this endeavor by proposing the idea to carry out a LTC Bryan Price, Ph.D. report on Boko Haram and working with the editor and contributors to see the Deputy Director project to its rightful end. In this regard, I thank especially Brian Dodwell, Dan- iel Milton, Jason Warner, Kristina Hummel, and Larisa Baste, who all directly Brian Dodwell collaborated on the report. I also thank the two peer reviewers, Brandon Kend- hammer and Matthew Page, for their input and valuable feedback without which Research Director we could not have completed this project up to such a high standard. There were Dr. Daniel Milton numerous other leaders and experts at the CTC who assisted with this project behind-the-scenes, and I thank them, too. Distinguished Chair Most importantly, we would like to dedicate this volume to all those whose lives LTG (Ret) Dell Dailey have been afected by conflict and to those who have devoted their lives to seeking Class of 1987 Senior Fellow peace and justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Economic Thinking in the 12Th AH/18Th CE Century with Special Reference to Shah Wali-Allah Al-Dihlawi
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Islamic economic thinking in the 12th AH/18th CE century with special reference to Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi Islahi, Abdul Azim Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA 2009 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75432/ MPRA Paper No. 75432, posted 06 Dec 2016 02:58 UTC Abdul Azim Islahi Islamic Economics Research Center King Abdulaziz University Scientific Publising Center King Abdulaziz University http://spc.kau.edu.sa FOREWORD The Islamic Economics Research Center has great pleasure in presenting th Islamic Economic Thinking in the 12th AH (corresponding 18 CE) Century with Special Reference to Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi). The author, Professor Abdul Azim Islahi, is a well-known specialist in the history of Islamic economic thought. In this respect, we have already published his following works: Contributions of Muslim Scholars to th Economic Thought and Analysis up to the 15 Century; Muslim th Economic Thinking and Institutions in the 16 Century, and A Study on th Muslim Economic Thinking in the 17 Century. The present work and the previous series have filled, to an extent, the gap currently existing in the study of the history of Islamic economic thought. In this study, Dr. Islahi has explored the economic ideas of Shehu Uthman dan Fodio of West Africa, a region generally neglected by researchers. He has also investigated the economic ideas of Shaykh Muhammad b. Abd al-Wahhab, who is commonly known as a religious renovator. Perhaps it would be a revelation for many to know that his economic ideas too had a role in his reformative endeavours.
    [Show full text]
  • Muslim Women's Rights in the Global Village: Challenges and Opportunities Azizah Y
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Law Faculty Publications School of Law 1-2000 Muslim Women's Rights in the Global Village: Challenges and Opportunities Azizah Y. al-Hibri University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/law-faculty-publications Part of the Law and Gender Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Azizah Y. al-Hibri, Muslim Women's Rights in the Global Village: Challenges and Opportunities, 15 J. L. & Religion 37 (2000). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MUSLIM WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Azizah Yahia al-Hibri t INTRODUCTION In this age of information technology that shrank our world into a global village, it is fair to ask how this recent development has impacted Muslim women's rights across the world. Having just traveled through nine Muslim countries, ranging from Pakistan and Bangladesh to the Gulf States, Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon, I would answer that it is leading, slowly but surely, to reassessment and change.' Attempts to accelerate the pace of this change, however, without full understanding of its complex topology, and the deep-rooted commitment by most Muslim women to spiritual and cultural authenticity, could halt or even reverse this process at great cost to women particularly and Muslim societies as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Ethics in Australian Muslim Everyday Life: a Shi’Ite Perspective Mohamad Younes
    Islamic Ethics in Australian Muslim Everyday Life: A Shi’ite Perspective Mohamad Younes Master’s Thesis in Sociology Spring Term 2017 Humanities and Communication Arts Western Sydney University 1 17481784 Mohamad Younes 2 17481784 Mohamad Younes ABSTRACT Despite the strong emphasis on ethics within the Islamic tradition, Islamic ethics itself is scarcely represented as a discipline within academic scholarship (Ansari 1989). Even within this area, Islamic ethics have predominantly been studied from Sunni perspectives, with little attention being paid to Shi’ite or other minority understandings. This thesis will, therefore, use qualitative data collection methods of semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups, to sociologically study the perceptions, understandings, and applications of Islamic ethics in Australian Shi’ite Muslim everyday living. It will investigate the overarching understanding of Islamic ethics and its specific application in Australian Shi’ite Muslim context. The project's objective, therefore, is twofold: one to strengthen Islamic ethics as an independent discipline; and two to address the scant attention Shi’ite Islamic ethics has received in Islamic ethics scholarship generally. Conceptually, this project will contribute to the understanding of Islamic ethics through a particular analysis of Shi’ite Islamic ethics in an Australian Shi’ite context. This is significant as specific understandings of Islamic ethics in certain contexts help to explain how minority groups such as Shi’ite Muslims develop their own ethical standards to shape social relations in society. In addition, this thesis argues for Shi’ite Islamic ethics to be highly Imamate based; that is, very reliant on the actions and sayings of 12 divinely guided Imams (leaders).
    [Show full text]
  • The Syiah Turmoil in a Sharia Soil: an Anthropological Study of Hidden Syiah Minority Entity in Contemporary Aceh
    International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6S5, April 2019 The Syiah Turmoil in a Sharia Soil: An Anthropological Study of Hidden Syiah Minority Entity in Contemporary Aceh Al Chaidar Abdurrahman Puteh, Abidin Nurdin, T. Nazaruddin , Alfian Lukman Abstract: Syiah had ever been a major Islamic Researches on the history of Syiah in Indonesia - and denomination in Aceh for centuries. This research is not only especially in Aceh -has been done by Hilmy Bakar about how much classical Sharia rules can be a reference to Almascaty (2013) and Fakhriati (2014) and Rabbani (2013) resolve political problems of majority and minority division, but also Dhuhri (2016). Previously, a similar study also also to examine the power of sharia in protecting and concerns the history that comes first in reference to the marginalizing Syiah. Based mainly on classical Snouck Hurgronje ethnography, this study elaborate the the former history of Syiah and its spaces investigated by Thabathaba'i sharia as a living law in old Aceh and comparing it with recent and Husayn (1989), Azmi (1989), Abdul Hadi (2002), and legal pluralism of Aceh nowadays. With a spectacular growing T. Iskandar (2011). Almascaty's study looked more at of traditional Dayah (conservative Sunnism) in present politics, Persian civilization and its influence on customs in Aceh and the transnational Salafi Wahabism intrusion into Aceh, the [1]. Similarly, Wan Hussein Azmi concluded that in the position of Syiah is at the most tip of the edge in society. 10th century AD migration of the most Persians to the Achenese Syiah are now facing hardest situation in this Syafii- archipelago Leran, Gresik, Siak (Inderapura, Riau), and to dominated land and hardened with the rage of Wahabism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Seljuks of Anatolia: an Epigraphic Study
    American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Theses and Dissertations 2-1-2017 The Seljuks of Anatolia: An epigraphic study Salma Moustafa Azzam Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds Recommended Citation APA Citation Azzam, S. (2017).The Seljuks of Anatolia: An epigraphic study [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/656 MLA Citation Azzam, Salma Moustafa. The Seljuks of Anatolia: An epigraphic study. 2017. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/656 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Seljuks of Anatolia: An Epigraphic Study Abstract This is a study of the monumental epigraphy of the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate, also known as the Sultanate of Rum, which emerged in Anatolia following the Great Seljuk victory in Manzikert against the Byzantine Empire in the year 1071.It was heavily weakened in the Battle of Köse Dağ in 1243 against the Mongols but lasted until the end of the thirteenth century. The history of this sultanate which survived many wars, the Crusades and the Mongol invasion is analyzed through their epigraphy with regard to the influence of political and cultural shifts. The identity of the sultanate and its sultans is examined with the use of their titles in their monumental inscriptions with an emphasis on the use of the language and vocabulary, and with the purpose of assessing their strength during different periods of their realm.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribusi Dalam Perspektif Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr
    EQUILIBRIUM: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Volume 8, Nomor 1, 2020, 143 - 166 P-ISSN: 2355-0228, E-ISSN: 2502-8316 http://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/equilibrium Distribusi dalam Perspektif Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr Novie Andriani Zakariya1, Sirajul Arifin2 Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pemikiran Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr tentang distribusi dan menganalisis relevansi pemikiran Baqir Al-Sadr dalam konteks ekonomi kekinian. Penelitian literer ini tergolong sebagai penelitian studi tokoh yang mengkaji pemikiran Baqir Al-Sadr tentang konsep distribusi.Hasil temuan menyatakan bahwa pemikiran Baqir Al-Sadr bertolak belakang dengan pemikiran ekonomi kapitalis. Pemikir ekonomi konvensional berpendapat bahwa masalah ekonomi muncul akibat kelangkaan sumber daya dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan manusia yang tidak terbatas. Namun Baqir Al-Sadr berpendapat bahwa masalah ekonomi muncul karena ketidakmerataan distribusi. Keadilan distribusi dalam konteks zakat sangat relevan. Relevansi distribusi kekayaan adalah praktik dari sistem zakat melalui BAZ dan LAZ. Kehadiran BAZ dan LAZ tidak dapat berperan maksimal untuk merubah posisi mustahik-muzakki jika negara tidak ikut hadir. Kehadiran negara memiliki peran penting dalam menciptakan dan menjaga keadilan sosial. Pemikiran Baqir Al-Sadr tersebut tertuang dalam karya monumental Iqtisaduna yang membahas mengenai teori produksi dan distribusi. Kata Kunci: Distribusi; Ekonomi Islam; Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr. Abstract This study aims to know the Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr ideas about the distribution and analyze the relevance of Baqir Al-Sadr’s thinking in the current economic context. This literary research is classified as a study of figures who studies Baqir Al-Sadr’s thoughts on the concept of distribution. This study found that Baqir Al- Sadr’s thoughts contradict with other capitalist thoughts.
    [Show full text]
  • Plagiat Merupakan Tindakan Tidak Terpuji Plagiat
    PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI THE RISE OF SPIRITUAL ISLAM IN TURKEY’S IDENTITY QUEST: UNDERSTANDING ORHAN PAMUK’S OEUVRES THROUGH SUFI FRAMEWORK A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Magister Humaniora (M.Hum) Degree in English Language Studies by Sri Hariyatmi Student Number: 126332037 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2014 i PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI A THESIS THE RISE OF SPIRITUAL ISLAM IN TURKEY’S IDENTITY QUEST: UNDERSTANDING ORHAN PAMUK’S OEUVRES THROUGH SUFI FRAMEWORK by Sri Hariyatmi Student Number: 126332037 Approved by Alb. Bagus Laksana, SJ., Ph.D. Yogyakarta, May 12, 2014 Advisor ii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI A THESIS THE RISE OF SPIRITUAL ISLAM IN TURKEY’S IDENTITY QUEST: UNDERSTANDING ORHAN PAMUK’S OEUVRES THROUGH SUFI FRAMEWORK Presented by Sri Hariyatmi Student Number: 126332037 Defended before the Thesis Committee and Declared Acceptable Chairperson : __________________ Secretary : __________________ Members : 1. __________________ 2. __________________ Yogyakarta, , 2014 The Graduate Program Director Sanata Dharma University Prof. Dr. Augustinus Supratiknya iii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that all ideas, phrases, sentences, unless otherwise stated, are the ideas, phrases, and sentences
    [Show full text]
  • RELIGIA 2527-5992 (Online) J U R N a L I L M U – I L M U K E I S L a M a N
    Vol. 23 No. 2 2020 ISSN: 1411-1632 (Print) RELIGIA 2527-5992 (Online) J u r n a l I l m u – I l m u K e i s l a m a n Article History The Shift of Al-Shawkani's Theological Thinking in Submitted: Tafseer Fath al-Qadeer from Zaydi Shi’i to Ash’ari 26-05-2020 Reviewed: Sunni 22-07-2020 Aproved: Ahmad Atabik 20-10-2020 [email protected] Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus, Indonesia. Abstract This article aims to examine Al-Shawkani's theological thinking in Tafseer Fath al-Qadeer which allegedly underwent a shift of thought from Zaydi (the Fivers) Shi‟i sect to Ash‟ari (the Twelver) Sunni. Tafseer Fath al-Qadeer is Al-Shawkani's masterpiece in the field of commentary. Al-Shawkani was a leading scholar in Yemen in the late medieval period to modern era. He grew up in a Zaydi Madhab (school of thought). Nevertheless, he used to contradict with his original madhab, thus there was a shift in his theological thinking. Al-Shawkani's shift of thought seemed to be clear when he commented theological verses in Tafseer Fath al-Qadeer. Referring to Al-Shawkani's arguments on theology, such as issues on seeing God in the hereafter, the coming of God, martyrdom, and on istiwa' (God‟s residence), Al-Shawkani was more likely to take side with the arguments proposed by the Ash‟ari rather than those by the Zaydi or Mu‟tazili madhab. In fact, Al-Shawkani frequently criticized Mu‟tazili thoughts with various propositions, both naqli (nash) and aqli (reasoning).
    [Show full text]
  • The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021
    PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE
    [Show full text]
  • Distribusi Perspektif Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr Novie Andriani Zakariya
    Distribusi Perspektif Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr Novie Andriani Zakariya Program Studi Magister Ekonomi Syari’ah UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya Email: [email protected] Abstrak: This study aims: 1) to explore the Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr ideas about the Islamic economics system 2) to know the perspective of Muhammad Baqir Al- Sadr about distribution. 3) to analyze the perspective relevancy of Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr about in now era. This study was research methods with literacy methode, which were analyzed descriptively. This study try to find library materials that are relevant to the research topic. In addition, this study includes life history of figures, namely a systematic study of Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr about Islamic economic thought in accordance with the focus of research on the concept of distribution of Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr’s perspective. This study found that the Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr ideas have fundamental differences with other capitalism economics thinkers. They have an ideas that economic problems are caused by the scarcity of economic resources comparing with unlimited human needs but, Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr ideas that economic problems are caused by the uneven distribution of wealth. His basic ideas of Islamic economic was contained in his writing Iqtisaduna which studied the theory of production and distribution. [Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) untuk mengetahui pemikiran Muhammad Baqir Al- Sadr tentang sistem ekonomi Islam. 2) untuk mengetahui pandangan umum pemikiran Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr tentang distribusi. 3) untuk menganalisis kerelevansian pemikiran Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr dalam konteks kekinian. Studi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian literasi yang dilakukan secara deskriptif analisis.
    [Show full text]
  • "A New Reading on Authority and Guardianship (Wilayah): Ayatollah Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin." Democratic Moments: Reading Democratic Texts
    Mavani, Hamid. "A New Reading on Authority and Guardianship (wilayah): Ayatollah Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin." Democratic Moments: Reading Democratic Texts. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. 177–184. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 27 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350006195.ch-023>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 27 September 2021, 16:47 UTC. Copyright © Xavier Márquez and Contributors 2018. You may share this work for non- commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO A New Reading on Authority and Guardianship (wilayah): Ayatollah Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin Hamid Mavani Islam categorically rejects dictatorship because it always leads to oppression, persecution, and uprising.1 From the Islamic point of view, only the divine (most exalted), who has no partner or associate in His Lordship, Authority, and Guardianship (wilayah), has the right to govern and enjoy absolute rule. In essence, no human being has any right to rule over others. The rule and control of God is the only type of guardianship and authority that complies with human reason and intellect. Every mandate of authority and governance (hakimiyyah) for a human being requires a definitive proof. In its absence, therefore, no one has authority over another person, any other existent in the universe, or over nature, including over one’s own life and property. That these set limits cannot be transgressed is a fundamental principle under the subject of authority, as well as a matter that is well-established in jurisprudence and theology . 178 DEMOCRATIC MOMENTS [I]nvoking democracy while the infallible Imam is among us would be religiously unlawful, but .
    [Show full text]