Re-Evolution of Mobile Wireless Network Communications

Home , 6G (network), Hicap, Mobile radio telephone

RE-EVOLUTION OF MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS

Mr.I.Justin Santhiyagu Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Systems, AJK College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, India.

Abstract: This article is proposed to different types and bandwidth demands keep climbing, third and of mobile network communications between the fourth generation (3G and 4G) devices and wireless networks. In the past few decades, mobile wireless networks have become common place. 5G has technologies have experience 4G or 5G generations speeds which is way better than what 4G offers. It is of technology revolution and evolution, namely a very high bandwidth and wireless mobile from 5.5G (10G network) supports a variety of multimedia internet networks can be completely TDS services, but is not necessarily directly wireless communication without limitation, which correlated with individual customer Internet speed makes perfect wireless real world – World Wide availability. TDS 10G network enables services like Wireless Web (WWWW). 5.5G (10G network)TDS TV, TDS and managed IP Hosted, and high-speed is the “backbone network” that connects TDS residential and commercial Internet service. markets to each other, to our data centers, and to the Satellite network will be used from 6G mobile Internet. The 6G of wireless mobile communication communication systems onwards. In 6G the cost of network must integrate satellites so that it can go mobile call will be relatively high but in 7G this fully global and cover more areas. The next problem will be improved and the cost of call will generation could be 7G which is the most advance be reduced and lower level user will benefit from it and may unite other generations. Therefore i7.5G or moving towards all the latest development that has 8G also navigates the satellite networks techniques, been done up to 7.5G or 8Gconnectivity. hence using the OFDM methodology and FEC for the speed of communication process. It is possible Keyword : 0G to 5G, 5.5G to 7.5G or 8G mobile technique only when achieve the higher bandwidth network communications. and improves the satellite cell sensitivity with its signal fidelity. I. INTRODUCTION The idea of wireless communication predates the discovery of "radio, derived from Latin word II. EVOLUTION "radius", meaning "spoke of a wheel, beam of light, ray"" with experiments in "wireless telegraphy" via What is Wireless? The word wireless is dictionary inductive and capacitive induction and transmission defined “having no wires”. In networking through ground, water, and even train tracks since terminology, wireless is the term used to describe 1830. Now a day’s mobile phones got much smarter any computer network is no physical wired due its capability to record, play, stream, upload, connection between sender and receiver, but rather download – audio and video, capture images, share the network is connected by radio waves and or data via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, browsing internet, microwaves to maintain communications. Wireless voice and video calling, etc. Wireless networking utilizes specific equipment such as communication is the transfer/distribution of data / NICs and Routers in place of wires (copper or information between two or more points using radio optical fibre). waves (wireless) i.e. without connecting electrical conductor. The first generation (1G) of cell What is the necessity of Wireless Communication? technology was analog, with no signal compression Wireless technology can offer businesses more or manipulation of any kind. Second generation flexible and inexpensive ways to send and receive (2G) phones and networks moved to digital data. technology which allowed more information to be Benefits of wireless technology are: transferred. As technology has continued advancing  Increased efficiency

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 You are rarely out of touch 2G: Digital Networks: In the 1990s, the 'second  Greater flexibility and mobility for users generation' (2G) mobile phone systems emerged,  Reduced costs primarily using the GSM standard as SMS text messaging became possible, initially on GSM 0G: Wireless technology: 0G refers to pre-cell networks and eventually on all digital networks. phone mobile telephony technology, such as radio telephones that some had in cars before the advent Drawbacks of 1G Network: of cell phones. Mobile radio telephone systems 1. Analog Signals does not allow advance preceded modern cellular mobile telephony encryption methods hence there is no security of technology. Since they were the predecessors of the data first generation of cellular telephones, these systems 2. Analog signals can easily be affected by are called 0G (zero generation) systems. interference and the call quality decreases. As the system expanded and neared capacity, the 1G: Analog Cellular Networks: ability to reduce transmission power allowed new The first commercially automated cellular network cells to be added, resulting in more, smaller cells (the 1G generations) was launched in Japan by NTT and thus more capacity. in 1979. In 1984, Bell Labs developed modern commercial cellular technology, In a cellular “2.5G” using GPRS (General Packet Radio system, a signal between a base station (cell site) Service) technology is a cellular wireless and a terminal (phone) only need be strong enough technology developed in between its predecessor, to reach between the two, so the same channel can 2G, and its successor, 3G. GPRS could provide data be used simultaneously for separate conversations rates from 56 kbit/s up to 115 kbit/s. It can be used in different cells. for services such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), and for Internet communication services such as email and World Wide Web access.

2.75 – EDGE is an abbreviation for Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution. EDGE technology is an extended version of GSM. It allows the clear and fast transmission of data and information up to 384kbit/s speed.

Fig1. Analog Cellular Networks

Generation of Technology

Features Generation 1G Year 1970-1980 Speed 2.4Kbps Technology Analog Cellular Standard AMPS Multiplexing FDMA Switching Circuit Core Network PSTN Handoff Horizontal Services Voice only

Fig. 2G WIRELESS SYSTEMS

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Generation of Technology

Features 2G Year 1980-1990 Speed 64Kbps Technology Digital Cellular Standard GSM,PDC,IS-95,IS-136,EDGE,GPRS Multiplexing TDMA,CDMA Switching Circuit & Packet Core Network PSTN and Packet network Fig. 3G Network Architecture Wireless Systems Handoff Horizontal Digital voice and short messaging, packetized data Services

Generation of Technology 3G : High speed IP data networks: Features 3G The main technological difference that distinguishes Year 1990-2000 3G technology from 2G technology is the use of Speed 2Mbps packet switching rather than circuit switching for Technology Broadband CDMA, IP Standard CDMA 2000, UMTS,TD-SCDMA,WCDMA data transmission. The high connection speeds of Multiplexing CDMA 3G technology enabled a transformation in the Switching Packet except circuit for air interface industry; for the first time, media streaming of radio Core Network Packet Network Horizontal & Vertical and even television content to 3G handsets became Handoff Services Integrated high quality audio, video and data possible. In the mid 2000s an evolution of 3G technology begun to be implemented, namely High- Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It is an enhanced 3Gmobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, 3G+ or turbo 3G, which allows networks 3GApplication Fields: based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications 1. Making simple and easy using 3G Network. System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds 2. Reduce Long Distance Voice Call Charges using and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support VOIP Communications and 3G Network down-link speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.0 Mbit/s. 3. Video conferencing from anywhere in the world Further speed increases are available with HSPA+, which provides speeds of up to 42 Mbit/s downlink 4G: Growth of mobile broadband: and 84 Mbit/s with Release 9 of the 3GPP It is basically the extension in the 3G standards. technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G. The expectation for the 4G technology is basically the high quality audio/video streaming over end to end Internet Protocol. The first two commercially available technologies billed as 4G were the WiMAX standard and the LTE standard, first offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera. 4G can be defined as: “IP + WPAN + WLAN + WMAN + WWAN + any other stragglers = 4G”

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Technolo 1G 2G 3G 4G gy Require Analog Digital ITUs ITUs IMT to 40 ments technol Technolo IMT- 144 MHz radio Generation of Technology ogy gy kbps channels and Mobile, with very high 384 kbps spectral pedestri Efficiency. Features 4G an, 2 Year 2000-2010s Mbps Speed 200Mbps to 1Gbps indoors Technology Unified IP & seamless combination of Data 1.9 14..4 kbps 2 Mbps 2 Mbps to 1 Standard broadband LAN, WAN, WLAN, PAN ,LTE, Bandwidt kbps to 384 Gbps WiMAX h kbps Multiplexing CDMA Switchin `Circuit PSTN Packet All IP Network Packet g & Core PSTN Packet network Switching network Network Core Network Internet Horizontal & Vertical Service Analog Digital Integrate HD streaming; Handoff voice voice d high global roaming Services Dynamic information access, wearable devices Higher quality capacity, audio, packetize video d data and data Standard NMT, GSM,GPR WCDMA, OFMDA,MC- s AMPS, S, EDGE CDMA CDMA Network- Hicap, ETC. 2000. LMPS CDPD, 4G Characteristics: TACS,  Convergence Services and Broadband Services. ETACS  Interactive BCN (ALL-IP) with Home- Multiple FDMA TDMA CDMA CDMA Networking, Telemetric, Sensor- Network access CDMA Starts 1970- 1990 2001 2010  Flexibility and Personalized Service from 84  4G LTE data transfer speed can reach peak Packet Circuit Circuit Circuit Packet download 100 Mbit/s. Packet Packet Packet  Peak upload 50 Mbit/s, WiMAX offers peak Frequenc 800- 850- 1.6- 2-8GHZ data rates of 128 Mbit/s downlink and 56 Mbit/s y 900 1900MHZ 2.5GHZ Referen uplink. ce Mhz

Table.1 Comparative Study of 1G - 4G Mobile Technologies

5G TECHNOLOGIES : 5G technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted all volumes and infinite data broadcast within latest mobile operating system. 5G technology has a bright future because it can handle best technologies and offer priceless handset to their customers. The Router and switch technology used in 5G network providing high connectivity. The 5G technology distributes internet access to nodes within the building and can be deployed with union of wired or wireless network connections. Fig.5G Network Architecture

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Generation of Technology

Features 5G Year 2015 onwards Speed 1Gbps and Higher Technology 4G+WWWW Standard LAS-CDMA, OFDM, MC-CDMA, UWB, Network- LMDS, IPv6 Multiplexing CDMA Switching Packet Core Network Internet Handoff Horizontal & Vertical Services Dynamic information access, wearable devices with AI capabilities Fig.6G With Satellite Networks

5.5G TECHNOLOGIES: (10 G Internet Generation of Technology networks): The “G” refers to capacity 10 gigabits Features 6G per second (or 10 billion bits). TDS’ 10G network is Year After 5G the “backbone network” that connects TDS markets Speed 10 to 11Gbps Technology 5G+satellite to each other, to our data centers, and to the Standard GPS,COMPASS, GLONASS, Galileo systems Internet. TDS’ 10G network enables services like Multiplexing CDMA Switching Packet TDS TV, Managed IP Hosted and high-speed Core Network Internet residential and commercial Internet service. Handoff Horizontal & Vertical It supports a variety of TDS services, but is Services Ultra fast Internet access not necessarily directly correlated with individual customer Internet speed availability. TDS’ network has a variety of branches off the backbone and some have more capacity (offering speeds of 100Mbps and even 300Mbps) and some have less capacity

(offering speeds up to 5Mbps). As data needs have 7G TECHNOLOGY: Any two different satellite grown, TDS’ 10G network has been expanded into systems are necessary for handoff/roaming when more neighborhoods to offer faster speeds. mobile users moving from one country to another.

This kind of handoff/roaming is space 6G TECHNOLOGIES (Sea to Space handoff/roaming. Communication) : It is proposed to integrate 5G technology for a global coverage. For resource monitoring and weather information multimedia video and high-speed Internet connectivity and the Earth imaging satellite networks are used. To integrate these three kinds of satellite like telecommunication, navigation, multimedia networks which provide global positions, internet connectivity with high speed and for mobile user’s weather information services are major three objectives for 6g technology. It provides for Ultra fast to access Internet and Data rates up to 10-11G bps.

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broadcasting. Within a second we can download the five films that is 20 GB files and upload the 15 GB Generation of Technology files or any datum. Therefore it also navigates the satellite networks techniques, hence using the OFDM methodology and FEC for the speed of Features 7G Year After 6G communication process. It is possible technique Speed MORE THAN 11Gbps only when achieve the higher bandwidth and Technology 6G SATELLITE + SPACE ROAMING improves the satellite cell sensitivity with its signal Standard GPS, SPACE ROAMING fidelity. Multiplexing CDMA Switching Packet Core Network Virtual private network 7.5G Features: Handoff Horizontal & Vertical Services HD Video gathering News  Low power consumptions,  Multiple concurrent data transfer paths,  More secure,  High spectral efficiency,  World Wide Wireless Web,  Applications combined with Artificial intelligence,  Low cost for infrastructure,

 SDR security,  High resolution for sharp,  More accurate and reliable results.

Fig.8 Space- Space network Communications

FIG.7 Evolution of 7G Table.2 Comparative Study of 5G - 8G Mobile

Technologies

7.5G OR 8G TECHNOLOGIES:

It provides the very high speed of peak download and peak upload of data rate. Here space time block codes are used to view the high definition of video

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phones without any disturbance. 5G technology Techn 5G 5.5G 6G 7G 7.5 or offers high resolution for passionate mobile phone ology 8G consumer. This 5.5G network supports a variety of Requir More data 5G+TDS 5G + 6G + 7G + TDS services, but is not necessarily directly ement rates to (10 G Satellite Space Space s support Internet network Roam video correlated with individual customer Internet speed us 10 networks commun ing broadca availability. TDS’ network have more capacity GB/s data ) ication sting 100Mbps and 300Mbps and less capacity speeds up rates to to 5Mbps. 6G Satellite network mobile support communication systems onwards to integrate of mobile cloud satellite likes telecommunication, navigation, service multimedia networks. Data 1Gbps & 10 gigabits 10 to >11 Gbps>20 Gbps In 7G the cost of mobile call will be relatively high Bandw Higher (as per second 11Gbps but in this kind of handoff/roaming are space idth demand ) (or 10 billion bits) handoff/roaming. 8G provides the very high speed Switch Flatter Fast to Ultra Very Extremel of peak download and peak upload of data rate. ing & IPN & access fast to Ultra y Ultra Here space time block codes are used to view the Core Interfacin Internet. access fast to fast to high video broadcasting and also navigates the netwo g Internet. access access rk Intern Internet. satellite networks techniques, using the OFDM et methodology and FEC for the speed of Servic HD TDS TV, GPS, GPS, GPS, communication process. e streaming managed COMPA VPN VPN, ; global IP SS, video roaming Hosted, GLONA broadca smoothly and SS, sting IV. REFERENCES high- Galileo news 1. T. Arunkumar and L. Kalaiselvi, “Latest speed systems Technology of Mobile Communication and Internet service Future Scope of 7.5 G”, International Journal of Standa CDMA & CDMA Horizon Horiz Horizon Engineering & Technology Research, Volume rds BDMA & tal & ontal tal & 2, Issue 4, pp. 23-31, July 2014 BDMA Vertical & Vertical 2. S. Mondal, A. Sinha and J.Routh, “A Survey on Vertic al Evolution of Wireless Generations 0G to 7G”, Multip CDMA & OFDM& CDMA OFD OFDM& International Journal of Advance Research in le BDMA FEC M FEC Science and Engineering- IJARSE, Vol. 1, access Issue 2,pp. 5-10. Starts 2015 After 5 G After After After 7 G 3. R. Khutey,G. Rana, V. Devwangan, A. Tiwari from 5G TDS 6 G Packet All Packet ALL ALL ALL ALL and A.D.Dewamngan, “Future of Wireless PACKET PACKE PACK PACKET Technology 6G & 7G”, International Journal of T ET Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348- Frequ 1 to 10 to 10 to >11 >20 GHZ 6988 (online) Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 583-585, ency 10GHZ 11GHZ 11GHZ GHZ April - June 2015. III. CONCLUSION 4. 4. Anmol Khanna, Arham Bengani, Atul Bhatt In this paper we have discussed the existing (0G- and Avdesh Bhardawaj “A Critical Review of 4G) and future (5G -8G) wireless mobile Various Generations of Mobile Network communication generations. Technologies” International Journal of The first generation (1G) has fulfilled the basic Information & Computation Technology, ISSN mobile voice, while the second generation (2G) has 0974-2239 Volume 4, Number 11 (2014), pp. introduced capacity and coverage. This is followed 1023-1028. by the third generation (3G), which has quest for data at higher speeds requirements in terms of QoS, were realized by the fourth generation (4G).

The 5G mobile networks will focus on the development of HDTV channel in our mobile

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