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Mr. Booth World History 10 Introduction
World War II Mr. Booth World History 10 Introduction: • Most devastating war in human history • 55 million dead • 1 trillion dollars • Began in 1939 as strictly a European Conflict, ended in 1945. • Widened to include most of the world Great Depression Leads Towards Fascism • In 1929, the U.S. Stock Market crashed and sent shockwaves throughout the world. • Many democracies, including the U.S., Britain, and France, remained strong despite the economic crisis caused by the G.D. • Millions lost faith in government • As a result, a few countries turned towards an extreme government called fascism. 1.Germany Adolf Hitler, 2.Spain Francisco Franco 3. Soviet Union Joseph Stalin 4. Italy Benito Mussolini Fascism • Fascism: A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule. • Emphasizes 1) loyalty to the state, and 2) obedience to its leader. • Fascists promised to revive the economy, punish those responsible for hard times, and restore national pride. The Rise of Benito Mussolini • Fascism’s rise in Italy due to: • Disappointment over failure to win land at the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. • Italy wanted a leader who could take action Mussolini Background • Was a newspaper editor and politician • Said he would rebuild the economy, the armed forces, and give Italy a strong leadership. • Mussolini was able to come to power by – publicly criticizing Italy’s government – Followers (black shirts) attacked communists and socialists on the streets. • In October 1922 • 30,000 followers marched to Rome and demanded that King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge Il Duce Fist Pump 3 Decisions he made for complete control • Mussolini was Il Duce, or the leader. -
Juden in Erlangen
Juden in Erlangen Band I K - P Familienbuch der jüdischen Familien aus Erlangen, Bruck und Büchenbach ✡ Prof. Dr. Emmy Noether 1882-1935 Mathematikerin von Wolfgang Appell, Erlangen Selbstverlag (Update März 2021) Inhaltsverzeichnis Genealogien Kappel, Salomon * 1836, Mediasch, Dr. phil. u. Realschullehrer in Erlangen Karpf, Joseph * 1857, Bischofsheim an der Rhön, Kaufmann in Erlangen Kaswan, Mendel * ca. 1890, Sniatyn, displaced person 1947 in Erlangen Katz, Karl * 1843, Tost (Toszek), Witwe und Sohn lebten in Erlangen Katz, Simon * 1869, Tost (pol. Toszek), Fotograph in Erlangen Kirschner, Alfred * 1883, Skupach bei Weseritz, heiratet in Erlangen Klein, Joseph * 1807, Memmelsdorf, Rabbiner, Dr. phil. promoviert 1840 in Erlangen Kohler, Kaufmann * 1843, Fürth, Rabbiner, Dr. phil. promoviert 1867 in Erlangen Kohlmeier, Hermann * 1813, Eschenau, Schüler in Erlangen 1830-1831 Kohn, Josef * 1810, Markt Erlbach, Ehefrau aus Erlangen-Büchenbach Kohn, Salomon * 1855, Burgkunstadt, Ehefrau aus Erlangen-Bruck Kraus, Samuel * ca. 1860, Ehefrau aus Erlangen-Bruck Kunst, David * 1824, Baiersdorf, Schüler in Erlangen 1833-1836 Kurzmann, Salomon Samson * 1756, Erlangen-Bruck Kusel, Carl * ca. 1841, Direktor der Spinnerei und Weberei ERBA in Erlangen Lambert, Baruch * 1815, Erlangen-Bruck Lambert, Isaak Nathan Levi * 1774, Erlangen-Bruck Lambert, Nathan Isaak * 1812, Erlangen-Bruck Lambert, Samuel J. * 1834, Erlangen-Bruck Lambert, Simon * 1826, Erlangen-Bruck Lasker, Emanuel * 1868, Berlinchen (Barlinek), Dr. phil. promoviert in Erlangen, Schachweltmeister Lehmaier, Jonas (John) * 1815, Baiersdorf, Dr. med., Schüler in Erlangen Lehmaier, Abraham * 1817, Baiersdorf, Schüler in Erlangen 1827-1831 Lehmaier, Moses (Morris) * 1819, Baiersdorf, Schüler in Erlangen 1831-1836 Lehmann, Lippmann * 1822, Dr. med., Schule, Studium, Promotion in Erlangen 1835-1847 Lehmann, Sigmund (Samuel) * 1820, Schule in Erlangen 1835-1836 Levin, Joseph * 1822, Erlangen-Bruck Lewin, Marx Joseph Levi * ca. -
What Do Students Know and Understand About the Holocaust? Evidence from English Secondary Schools
CENTRE FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATION What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster, Alice Pettigrew, Andy Pearce, Rebecca Hale Centre for Holocaust Education Centre Adrian Burgess, Paul Salmons, Ruth-Anne Lenga Centre for Holocaust Education What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Cover image: Photo by Olivia Hemingway, 2014 What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster Alice Pettigrew Andy Pearce Rebecca Hale Adrian Burgess Paul Salmons Ruth-Anne Lenga ISBN: 978-0-9933711-0-3 [email protected] British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permissions of the publisher. iii Contents About the UCL Centre for Holocaust Education iv Acknowledgements and authorship iv Glossary v Foreword by Sir Peter Bazalgette vi Foreword by Professor Yehuda Bauer viii Executive summary 1 Part I Introductions 5 1. Introduction 7 2. Methodology 23 Part II Conceptions and encounters 35 3. Collective conceptions of the Holocaust 37 4. Encountering representations of the Holocaust in classrooms and beyond 71 Part III Historical knowledge and understanding of the Holocaust 99 Preface 101 5. Who were the victims? 105 6. -
Spring Edition 2020-2021 5 New Ways to Stay Healthy in the Spring By: Ava G
O'Rourke Observer Spring Edition 2020-2021 5 New Ways to Stay Healthy in the Spring By: Ava G. Spring is a new season full of opportunities! As the snow slowly disappears, green grass appears! A new chance arises to get outside and get moving! Here are a few ways to stay healthy this spring. 1. As the weather gets warmer you can take a bike ride around your neighborhood or your house. Regular cycling has many benefits like increased cardiovascular fitness, increased flexibility and muscle strength, joint mobility improvement, stress level decline, posture and coordination improvement, strengthened bones, body fat level decline, disease management or prevention, and finally anxiety and depression reduction. 2. Go for a run. You can run around your house or your neighborhood. There are many health benefits to regular running (or jogging!) Some are improved muscle and bone strength, increased cardiovascular fitness, and it helps to preserve a healthy weight. 3. Go for a hike. Hiking is a great way to enjoy the outdoors and have a great workout at the same time! Hiking can reduce your risk of heart disease, enhance your blood sugar levels and your blood pressure, and it can boost your mood. Here are some great day hikes near Saratoga! You can hike Hadley Mountain, Spruce Mountain, the John Boyd Thacher State Park, Prospect Mountain, Buck Mountain, Shelving Rock Falls & Summit, Cat Mountain, Sleeping Beauty, Thomas Mountain, and Crane Mountain. I have hiked Cat Mountain before, and I loved it! When you reach the summit it has a great view of the ENTIRE Lake George. -
Misconceptions
Misconceptions (from Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center) Norwegian non-Jews wore paper clips to express solidarity with Norwegian Jewry When the Germans occupied Norway in June 1940, between 1700 and 1800 Jews lived there – most of them in Oslo and all but 200 of them Norwegian citizens. Acceding to German demands, the collaborationist government immediately implemented anti-Jewish legislation. In November 1942, in response to further demands, the government rounded up more than 700 Jews, who were subsequently deported to Auschwitz where most were killed. Although the Norwegian resistance managed to smuggle the remaining Jews to neutral Sweden, the wearing of paper clips had nothing to do with demonstrating support for these efforts or solidarity with Norwegian Jewry. Rather, it represented one of many non-violent expressions of Norwegian nationalism and loyalty to King Haakon VII. These included listening secretly to foreign news broadcasts, printing and distributing underground newspapers and wearing pins fashioned from coins with the king’s head brightly polished, from various “flowers of loyalty,” from the symbol “H7” (for Haakon VII), and – for a time, after the latter were outlawed – from paper clips (also occasionally worn as bracelets). Why paper clips? Presumably – although some dispute this – because they were invented by a Norwegian named Johan Vaaler in 1899. Although, ironically, he had to patent the device in Germany because Norway had no patent law at the time. Vaaler did nothing more with his invention and, in subsequent years, paper clips would be manufactured and mass-marketed by firms in the United States and Great Britain (most notably, the Gem Company of Great Britain – originators of the familiar “double- U” slide-on clips, which the Norwegians may very well have worn.) The Germans used crushed Jewish bones to pave the Autobahn The Germans crushed Jewish bones in two specific contexts only. -
NEWSLETTER Editor Al/(I Webmaster Department of History Arthur L
WORLD WAR TWO STUDIES ASSOCIATION (formerly American Committee on the History ofthe Second World War) Mark P. Parillo, Secretary (Iml Donald S. Detwiler, Chairman Newsleller E,litor Department of History Departmem or History Southern Illinois University 208 Eisenhower Hall at Carbondale Kansas State University Carbondale, Illinois 62901-4519 Manhanan. Kansas 66506·1002 [email protected] 785-532-0374 FAX 785-532-7004 Permanent Directors parillof!)lksu.e<lu Charles F Delzell James Eluman, Associate Vanderbilt University NEWSLETTER Editor al/(I Webmaster Department of History Arthur L. Funk 208 Eisenhower Hall Gainesville, Florida ISSN 0885-5668 Kansas State University Monhallon, Kansas 66506·1002 Terms expiring 1000 Robin Higham. ArchiYlsl Carl Boyd No. 62 Spring 2000 DCp311ment of History Old Dominion University 20& Eisenhower Hall Kansas State, University James L. Collins, Jr. Manhallan. Kansas 66506-1002 Middleburg, Virginia Contents The WWTSA is affiliated with: John Lewis Gaddis Ohio University American Historical Association 400 A Street. S.E. Robin Higham Washington. D.C. 20003 Kansas State University World War Two Studies Association http://www.tluwhfl.org Warren F Kimball General Infonnation 2 Comitc Intcmalional d'Histoire Rutgers University, Newark de 1a Deuxieme Guerre Mondiale The Newsletter 2 Henry Rousso, Sec.n!tary Genual Allon R. Millen Institut d'Histoire du Temps Present Ohio State University Annual Membership Dues 2 (Centre national de la recherche scienlifique [CNRS]) Agnes F. Peterson Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan Hoover Institution 61, avenue du President Wilson 94235 Cachan CMex. France Russell F Weigley News and Notes 3 rousso([l!ihtl'-cllrs.ells-c(lchfll1jr Temple University WWTSA Annual Business Meeting 3 H· War: The Mi/i/ary History Nelwork Janet Ziegler (sponsored by H-Net: Humtllli'ies & University of Califomia, WWTSA Web Site Update 4 Social Sciellces OnLillc). -
Hitler Double-Crossed Way to Power
MOUNT CLEMENS, MICH. MONITOR-LEADER A-3 Hitler Double-Crossed Way to Power after it has forgotten all his " - contingent. It was only General . "mmy-i predecessors. Probably that is ___g-r von Seekt's orders to the Reichs- From 'Bum' true. It will recall him as an »wehr, after the conspirators egotist who raised the double- | thought they had won, tiiat put cross to an art which nobody jBBBBBMBI^^^^BtBfg^ an end to the coup and sent Hit- else in the world’s history ever t^i ler to prison. Dictator... achieved. Throughout pe- to this turbulent Alois Hitler, illegitimately #v^i riod General Ludendorff was born Schicklgrubcr but legiti- used as a tool by the rising Aus- and Back Again matized by one George Heidler, trian gang chief. Hitler used described his son, Adolf, as : him on the theory that, when Grand Double-Cross * good for nothing.” The descrip- i the time came for violence, the Corried Der Fuehrer tion was apt from the day of his I Army never would fire on its birth, April 20, 1889, to the out- : hero. Almost to the Top break of the first World War. From 1923 to 1933 was a pe- J|' Adolf Hitler lived in Vienna, riod of growth in Hitlers for- Corporal Adolf (1919) in a sort of flop house, from tunes and those of his party, BY S. BURTON HEATH 1907 to 1913. His fellow room- i Both were supported by con- YOU'RE NEXT, JAPAN! NFA Starr Writer big ers gave him crusts of bread t tributions from industrial- Look your fate in the face, little "war In 20 years, to the exact day, and bits of horse sausage, which J ists who were very frank about Adolf Hitler talked and double- he supplemented at a free soup | their interest. -
German Captured Documents Collection
German Captured Documents Collection A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Prepared by Allan Teichroew, Fred Bauman, Karen Stuart, and other Manuscript Division Staff with the assistance of David Morris and Alex Sorenson Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2011 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 2011 Finding aid URL: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms011148 Latest revision: 2012 October Collection Summary Title: German Captured Documents Collection Span Dates: 1766-1945 ID No.: MSS22160 Extent: 249,600 items ; 51 containers plus 3 oversize ; 20.5 linear feet ; 508 microfilm reels Language: Collection material in German with some English and French Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: German documents captured by American military forces after World War II consisting largely of Nazi Party materials, German government and military records, files of several German officials, and some quasi-governmental records. Much of the material is microfilm of originals returned to Germany. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Wiedemann, Fritz, b. 1891. Fritz Wiedemann papers. Organizations Akademie für Deutsches Recht (Germany) Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund. Deutsches Ausland-Institut. Eher-Verlag. Archiv. Germany. Auswärtiges Amt. Germany. Reichskanzlei. Germany. Reichsministerium für die Besetzten Ostgebiete. Germany. Reichsministerium für Rüstung und Kriegsproduktion. Germany. Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda. -
“The Bethlehem of the German Reich”
“THE BETHLEHEM OF THE GERMAN REICH” REMEMBERING, INVENTING, SELLING AND FORGETTING ADOLF HITLER’S BIRTH PLACE IN UPPER AUSTRIA, 1933-1955 By Constanze Jeitler Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Andrea Pető Second Reader: Professor Constanin Iordachi CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2017 CEU eTD Collection STATEMENT OF COPYRIGHT “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection i CEU eTD Collection ii ABSTRACT This thesis is an investigation into the history of the house where Adolf Hitler was born in the Upper Austrian village Braunau am Inn. It examines the developments in the period between 1933 and 1955. During this time high-ranking Nazis, local residents, tourists and pilgrims appropriated the house for their purposes by creating various narratives about this space. As unimportant as the house might have been to Hitler himself from the point of view of sentimentality and childhood nostalgia, it had great propaganda value for promoting the image of the private Führer. Braunau itself was turned into a tourist destination and pilgrimage site during the Nazi period—and beyond. -
Rise of the Nazis Adolf Hitler Was Born an Austrian Citizen and Roman
Rise of the Nazis Adolf Hitler was born an Austrian citizen and Roman Catholic at 6:30 PM on April 20 1889 at an inn called the Gasthof Zum Pommer in the town of Braunau-am-inn. Adolf's father- Alois Hitler- constantly reinforced correct behaviour with, sometimes very violent, punishment. After Adolf's elder brother- Alois- fled from home at the age of 14, Adolf became his father's chief target of rage. At the same time, Adolf's mother- Klara Pölzl- showered her son with love and affection, as any mother would. When Adolf was three years of age, the Hitler family moved to Passau, along the Inn River on the German side of the border. The family moved once again in 1895 to the farming community of Hafield. Following another family move, Adolf lived for six months across from a large Benedictine monastery. As a youngster, the young boy's dream was to enter the priesthood. However, by 1900, his artistic talents surfaced. Adolf was educated at the local village and monastery schools and, at age 11, Hitler was doing well enough to be eligible for either the university preparatory "gymnasium" or the technical/scientific Realschule (secondary school). Alois Hitler enrolled his son in the latter, hoping that he might become a civil servant. This was not to be. Adolf would later claim that he wanted to be an artist and he deliberately failed his examinations to spite his father. In 1903, Alois Hitler died from a pleural hemorrhage, leaving his family with enough money to live comfortably without needing to work. -
Der Hitlerputsch, Mein Kampf Und Die Verschärfung Von Hitlers Judenhass
Roman Töppel 9. November 1923: Der Hitlerputsch, Mein Kampf und die erschärfung von Hitlers Judenhass Nach seinem Putschversuchs am 9. November 1923 und seiner Verurteilung als Hochverräter fand Hitler Zeit, !ein "am#f $u verfassen. %m Juli 1924 betonte er in einem %ntervie(, die Arbeit an seinem Buch habe ihm +lar gemacht, dass er dem Judentum gegenüber bisher $u milde ge(esen sei; in Zukunft (olle er .die schärfsten "am#fmittel/ an(enden. 0er Beitrag geht den 1ragen nach, (ann sich Hitlers rassistischer Antisemitismus herausbildete, (elche 2olle dabei die Arbeit an !ein "am#f s#ielte und (ie sich Hitlers Antisemitismus danach immer (eiter radi+alisierte. )fter his attem#ted #utsch on November 9, 1923, (hereupon he (as sentenced as a traitor, Hitler found the time to (rite !ein "am#f. %n an intervie( in &uly 1924, he #ointed out that the #rocess of (riting the boo+ made him a(are that he had #reviously been much too liberal to(ard Judaism. He stated that he #lanned to /em#loy the strongest of (ea#ons4 in the future. This article e6#lores the 7uestions of (hen Hitler’s racist anti9:emitism began, (hat #art !ein "am#f #layed in this develo#ment, and ho( Hitler’s anti9:emitism subse7uently became increasingly radical. Am 29. Juli 1924 besuchte Hauptmann Kugler1, ein böhmischer Nationalsozialist, Adolf Hitler in der !estung "andsberg am "ech. Hitler saß dort gerade die Ha tstra e ab, zu der er nach seinem gescheiterten $utschversuch vom 9. November 192& verurteilt 'orden 'ar. Als Kugler zu (esuch )am, arbeitete Hitler intensiv an seinem (uch !ein "ampf.2 Kugler be ragte den ge angenen N*+A$,!-hrer -r einen Arti)el in der .eitung 0er Nationalso$ialist. -
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler Introduction The dictator of Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler, was born on April 20, 1889, at Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary. His father, Alois (born 1837), was illegitimate and for a time bore his mother's name, Schicklgruber, but by 1876 he had established his claim to the surname Hitler. Adolf never used any other name, and the name Schicklgruber was revived only by his political opponents in Germany and Austria in the 1930s. Early life Adolf Hitler spent most of his childhood in the neighbourhood of Linz, the capital of Upper Austria, after his father's retirement from the Habsburg customs service. Alois Hitler died in 1903 but left an adequate pension and savings to support his wife and children. Adolf received a secondary education and, although he had a poor record at school and failed to secure the usual certificate, did not leave until he was 16 (1905). There followed two idle years in Linz, when he indulged in grandiose dreams of becoming an artist without taking any steps to prepare for earning his living. His mother was overindulgent to her willful son, and even after her death in 1908 he continued to draw a small allowance with which at first he maintained himself in Vienna. His ambition was to become an art student, but he twice failed to secure entry to the Academy of Fine Arts. For some years he lived a lonely and isolated life, earning a precarious livelihood by painting postcards and advertisements and drifting from one municipal lodging house to another. Hitler already showed traits that characterized his later life: inability to establish ordinary human relationships; intolerance and hatred both of the established bourgeois world and of non- German peoples, especially the Jews; a tendency toward passionate, denunciatory outbursts; readiness to live in a world of fantasy and so to escape his poverty and failure.