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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,190,653 B1 Landolt Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,190,653 B1 Landolt Et Al USOO6190653B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,190,653 B1 Landolt et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 20, 2001 (54) CHEMICAL ATTRACTANTS FOR MOTHS P.J. Landolt and E.R. Mitchell, "Attraction of Tobacco Budworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Jaggery, A (75) Inventors: Peter J. Landolt, Yakima, WA (US); Palm Sugar Extract," Florida Entomologist 80:402-407 Robert R. Heath, Gainesville, FL (US) (1997). (73) Assignee: The United States of America as P.J. Landolt, “Attraction of Mocis Latipes (Lepidoptera: represented by the Secretary of Noctuidae) to Sweet Baits in Traps.” Florida Entomologist Agriculture, Washington, DC (US) 78:523-530 (1995). A.B. DeMilo, C-J Lee, D.S. Moreno and A.J. Martinez, (*) Notice: Under 35 U.S.C. 154(b), the term of this “Identification Volastiles Derived from Citrobacter freundii patent shall be extended for 0 days. Fermentation of a Trypticase Soy Broth,” Journal of Agri cultural and Food Chemistry 44:607-612 (1996). (21) Appl. No.: 09/156,348 N.D. Epsky, R.R. Heath, B.D. Dueben, C.R. Lauzon, A.T. Proveaux and G.B. MacCollom, “Identification of Volatile (22) Filed: Sep. 18, 1998 Chemicals from Enterobacter Agglomerans (Enterobacteri (51) Int. Cl." .......................... A01N 25/00; AO1N 31/00; aceae) that are attractive to Anastrepha Suspensa (Diptera: AO1N 33/00; AO1N 37/00 Tephritidae).” 1997 Annual Report, USDAARS, Gaines (52) U.S. Cl. ................................. 424/84; 43/107; 43/131; ville, FL, (Jan. 1998). 43/132.1; 43/133; 424/405; 424/719, 514/557; D.C. Robacker and R.J. Bartelt, “Chemicals Attractive to 514/724; 514/740; 514/957 Mexican Fruit Fly from Klebsiella pneumonia and Citro (58) Field of Search ............................. 424/84, 405, 719, bacter fruendi Cultures sampled by Solid-Phase Microex 514/724, 957, 557, 740; 43/107, 132.1, traction,” Journal of Chemical Ecology 23:2897–2915 133,131 (1997). D.C. Robacker, D.S. Moreno and A.B. Demilo, "Attractive (56) References Cited ness to Mexican Fruit Flies of Combinations of Acetic Acid with Ammonium/Amino Attractants with Emphasis on U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Effects of Hunger,” Journal of Chemical Ecology 5,656.260 8/1997 Boden et al. .......................... 424/84 22:499–511 (1996). OTHER PUBLICATIONS * cited by examiner Utrio et al., Volatile fermentation products as attractants for Primary Examiner John Pak Macrolepidoptera,Ann. Zool. Fenn., Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. ASSistant Examiner Iranh Choi 84-104, 1977.* K.F. Haynes, J.Z. Zhao and A. Latif, “Identification of Floral (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm- M. Howard Silverstein; Compounds from Abelia grandiflora that Stimulate Upwind John D. Fado; Margaret A. Connor Flight in Cabbage Looper Moths,” Journal of Chemical (57) ABSTRACT Ecology 17:637-646 (1991). P.J. Landolt, B. Lenczewski and R.R. Heath, "Lure and Compositions and lures are described which provide Syn Toxicant System for the Cabbage Looper (Lepidoptera: thetic chemical attractants which function as highly effective Noctuidae).” Journal of Economic Entomology attractants for male and female moths, primarily moths of 84:1344–1347 (1991). the family Noctuidae. In one aspect, the attractants provide S.W. Frost, “Continued Studies of Baits for Oriental Fruit an effective attractant amount of vapor of 3-methyl-1- Moth,” Journal of Economic Entomology 21:339-348 butanol, 3-methyl-1-pentanol or mixtures thereof. In another (1928). aspect, the attractants provide vapor blends of acetic acid R.R. Heath, P.J. Landolt, B. Dueben, and B. Lenczewshi, and one or more compounds Selected from the group con “Identification of Floral Compounds of Night-Blooming sisting of 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, and Jessamine Attractive to Cabbage Looper Moths,” Environ. 3-methyl-1-pentanol. By attracting male and female moths Entomol. 21:854–859 (1992). to traps or baits, the chemical attractants provide a means for M. J. Norris, “The Feeding-Habits of the Adult Lepidoptera detecting, Surveying, monitoring, and controlling the moths. Heteroneura,” Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 85:61-90 (1936). 4 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Feb. 20, 2001 Sheet 1 of 6 LNVLOV/H.L.LV/CIOO-I\/10NT|[^{ETIS”T TONVALTE-L-TAH-LEIN-8CINVCIIKOVOILEOV/ =?vW,!ETVWB,ZZZZZ XOHold WL/38 NnN U.S. Patent Feb. 20, 2001 Sheet 2 of 6 US 6,190,653 B1 I g 3. XOHOld WL/HB 8 NnN U.S. Patent Feb. 20, 2001 Sheet 3 of 6 US 6,190,653 B1 LNVLOVHLLVC1OO-HINnH?IN-O"X TONVILTE-L-TAHLEIN-8CINVC110\/SOILLEOV/ HTVWT-T=TwWEBZZZZZ ”TOINHILI+VVVV/ XOHOld WL/HB9 NnN U.S. Patent Feb. 20, 2001 Sheet 5 of 6 US 6,190,653 B1 N s : s s XMld WL/HB9 NnN U.S. Patent Feb. 20, 2001 Sheet 6 of 6 US 6,190,653 B1 dW‘BIN‘VVHLINNGEddVHLEVCIInLOON NOI.LV/N|8||WOONICINW/ENOT\/SCINT!Od|NOO WndeNºo[IIIIII]VH1HBa,]VIGONVOviØ || ? | { # + On OO N CO LO M. C. CN Y O XMld WLISHLOW US 6,190,653 B1 1 2 CHEMICALATTRACTANTS FOR MOTHS identification of the odorants from fermented Sweet baits that are attractive to moths would provide a useful attractant BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION for use in monitoring and controlling pest Species of Lepi 1. Field of the Invention doptera on agricultural crops. 5 Although numerous Synthetic chemical attractants are The present invention relates to Synthetic chemical insect known for moths, none are based on moth attraction to attractants. More particularly, the invention relates to chemi fermented Sweet baits and very few are effective in attracting cal attractants and use thereof to detect, Survey, monitor, females. Most Synthetic chemical attractants for moths are and/or control moths (Lepidoptera). female-produced sex pheromones attractive to males (M. S. 2. Description of the Art Mayer and J. R. McLaughlin, Handbook of Insect Phero Many species of moths (Lepidoptera) are pestiferous. mones and Sex Attractants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., Larvae or caterpillars of a number of Species of moths are 1991, 1083 pages). Several chemicals have also been iden Serious pests of agricultural crops throughout the World. In tified from floral volatiles that are attractive to both sexes of the family Noctuidae, in particular, are many Species of Some moth species (primarily Plusiinae) that obtain nectars cutworms, armyworms, fruitworms, and others that cause 15 from certain flowers. These are phenylacetaldehyde, Severe losses of vegetable and fruit, as well as forage, and benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, and benzyl fiber crops and necessitate the use of large amounts of alcohol (W. W. Cantelo and M. Jacobson, Environmental pesticides to reduce these losses. Three important Species in Entomology 8:444-447 (1979), K. F. Haynes et al., Journal western North America are the bertha armyworm (Mamestra of Chemical Ecology 17:637-646 (1991), R. R. Heath et al., configurata), the spotted cutworm (Xestia c-nigrum), and Environmental Entomology 21:854–859 (1992), C. E. Smith Lacanobia Subjuncta. These are pests of many vegetable and et al., Journal of Economic Entomology 36:619-621 (1943), forage crops, and Lacanobia Subjuncta has recently been M. Jacobson et al. Experientia 32:964–966 (1976)). identified as a Serious pest of apple. The bertha armyworm, MameStra configurata, is a pest of Efforts to control pest moth populations on agricultural numerous crops, including alfalfa, flax, and canola (P. G. crops have relied heavily on broadcast applications of pes 25 Mason et al., Can. Entomol. 130:321-336 (1998)). It is ticides which are under increasing regulatory pressure. broadly distributed in North America. The spotted cutworm Chemical attractants are widely used to monitor the emer Xestia c-nigrum also is a pest of numerous crops, primarily gence patterns and distributions of moths on crops. These vegetable crops (J. F. Howell, Environmental Entomology are exclusively Sex pheromones attractive Solely to males. 8:1065-1069 (1979)) and is widely distributed in North They are of limited use in pest control because of the lack America. Lacanobia Subjuncta is a recent and Serious pest of of effect on females and because they are not effective as apple in the Pacific Northwest (P. J. Landolt, Pan-Pacific attractants when the same Sex pheromones are used for Entolomol. 74:32-38 (1998)) and is found across the tem mating disruption by air permeation. The development of perate Zone of North America. Numerous other species of chemical attractants for monitoring pest levels and economic noctuid moths are pests of nearly all agricultural crops injury levels of pest moths on crops has been hampered by 35 throughout the world. a lack of effective lures for females of these Species. Similarly, the development of control technologies involv SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION ing mass trapping of moths or poison baits would be greatly The present invention is directed to chemical attractants facilitated by the availability of effective lures for females of for male and female moths. In one aspect, the invention is pest Species. 40 directed to attracting noctuid moths using an effective attrac Numerous species of Lepidoptera, including pest Species tant amount of vapors of 3-methyl-1-butanol or 3-methyl of moths, are attracted to fermented Sweet baits. Fermented 1-pentanol or mixtures thereof as a means for detecting, Sweet baits have long been used by collectors of moths and Surveying, monitoring, and controlling moths. butterflies (W. J. Holland, The Moth Book. A Guide to the In another aspect, the invention is directed to attracting Moths of North America, Dover Publishing, Inc., New York, 45 noctuid moths using an attractant chemical combination to N.Y., 1903, 479 pages; T. D. Sargent, Legion of Night. The provide an effective attractant amount of vapor blends or Underwing Moths, Massachusetts Press, Amherst, Mass., vapor mixtures of (I) acetic acid and (II) one or more 1976, 22 pages).
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