Advances in Astronomy Anomalous Microwave Emission: Theory, Modeling, and Observations Guest Editors: Clive Dickinson, Roberta Paladini, and Laurent Verstraete Anomalous Microwave Emission: Theory, Modeling, and Observations Advances in Astronomy Anomalous Microwave Emission: Theory, Modeling, and Observations Guest Editors: Clive Dickinson, Roberta Paladini, and Laurent Verstraete Copyright © 2013 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Advances in Astronomy.” Allles artic are open access articles distributed under the Creative Com- mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Joshua S. Bloom, USA Dieter Horns, Germany Jerome Orosz, USA Michael Brotherton, USA Ivan Hubeny, USA George Pavlov, USA Alberto J. Castro-Tirado, Spain John Hughes, USA Juri Poutanen, Finland Michael Disney, UK Wing Huen Ip, Taiwan Somak Raychaudhury, India Elmetwally Elabbasy, Egypt Valentina Klochkova, Russia William Reach, USA Nye Evans, UK Gregory Laughlin, USA Peter Roming, USA Maurizio Falanga, Switzerland M. G. Lee, Republic of Korea Regina Schulte-Ladbeck, USA Duncan Forbes, Australia Karen Leighly, USA Ravi Sheth, USA Andrew Fruchter, USA Jeffrey Linsky, USA Josep M. Trigo-Rodr´ıguez, Spain B. T. Gansicke,¨ UK Mario Mateo, USA Roberto Turolla, Italy Paul Goldsmith, USA Ronald Mennickent, Chile Gary Wegner, USA Jonathan Grindlay, USA Zdzislaw E. Musielak, USA Glenn J. White, UK Dean Hines, USA Valery Nakariakov, UK Paul J. Wiita, USA Contents Anomalous Microwave Emission: Theory, Modeling, and Observations,CliveDickinson, Roberta Paladini, and Laurent Verstraete Volume 2013, Article ID 134979, 1 page Anomalous Microwave Emission from Star Forming Regions,AnnaM.M.Scaife Volume 2013, Article ID 390287, 25 pages The Discovery of Anomalous Microwave Emission, Erik M. Leitch and A. C. R. Readhead Volume 2013, Article ID 352407, 6 pages A Characterization of the Diffuse Galactic Emissions at Large Angular Scales Using the Tenerife Data, J. F. Mac´ıas-Perez,´ R. D. Davies, R. Watson, C. M. Gutierrez, and R. Rebolo Volume 2013, Article ID 780407, 15 pages Investigating the Source of Planck-Detected AME: High-Resolution Observations at 15 GHz, Yvette C. Perrott, Anna M. M. Scaife, Natasha Hurley-Walker, and Keith J. B. Grainge Volume 2013, Article ID 354259, 9 pages Observations of Anomalous Microwave Emission from HII Regions, Clive Dickinson Volume 2013, Article ID 162478, 5 pages Spinning Dust Radiation: A Review of the Theory, Yacine Ali-Ha¨ımoud Volume 2013, Article ID 462697, 13 pages Spectrum of the Anomalous Microwave Emission in the North Celestial Pole with WMAP 7-Year Data, Anna Bonaldi and Sara Ricciardi Volume2012,ArticleID853927,8pages Spinning Dust Emission from Wobbling Grains: Important Physical Effects and Implications, Thiem Hoang and A. Lazarian Volume 2012, Article ID 208159, 14 pages On the Limitations of the Anomalous Microwave Emission Emissivity,ChristopherT.Tibbs, Roberta Paladini, and Clive Dickinson Volume 2012, Article ID 124931, 6 pages Large Radio Telescopes for Anomalous Microwave Emission Observations,E.S.Battistelli,E.Carretti, P. de Bernardis, and S. Masi Volume 2012, Article ID 607384, 8 pages Observations of the Polarisation of the Anomalous Microwave Emission: A Review,J.A.Rubino-Mart˜ ´ın, C. H. Lopez-Caraballo,´ R. Genova-Santos,´ and R. Rebolo Volume 2012, Article ID 351836, 15 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Astronomy Volume 2013, Article ID 134979, 1 page http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/134979 Editorial Anomalous Microwave Emission: Theory, Modeling, and Observations Clive Dickinson,1 Roberta Paladini,2 and Laurent Verstraete3,4 1 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK 2 NASA Herschel Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 3 Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, UMR-8617, F-91405 Orsay, France 4 CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France Correspondence should be addressed to Roberta Paladini; [email protected] Received 19 September 2013; Accepted 19 September 2013 Copyright © 2013 Clive Dickinson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Anomalous Microwave Emission (AME) was first identified E.M.LeitchandA.C.R.Readheadreviewthediscovery inthelate1990s,throughsensitivehighfrequencyradioCMB of the AME giving further insights into their early work. observations. The usual emission mechanisms (e.g., black- A detailed review of observations in star-forming regions is body, synchrotron, and free-free) did not appear to be able given by A. M. M. Scaife, while a detailed theoretical overview toaccountfortheexcessemissioninthefrequencyrange10– of the spinning dust process is explained by Y. Ali-Ha¨ımoud. 60 GHz. Since then, a large body of observational evidence New theoretical work on the physical effects and implications has emerged showing that AME appears to be emitted both of grain wobbling is described by T. Hoang and A. Lazarian. in the diffuse interstellar medium at large, and from specific E. S. Battistelli et al. discuss the potential and issues involved clouds within our galaxy. Detections from star-forming in using large radio telescopes for AME observations. New regions in an external galaxy have also been made. Neverthe- observational results and analyses are presented from the Arc less, detailed measurements have been difficult due to the fre- Minute Imager (AMI) telescope (Y. C. Perrott et al.), Tenerife quency range (difficult to observe from the ground) and con- experiments (J. F. Mac´ıas-Perez´ et al.), and WMAP satellite fusion with other emission mechanisms that emit in this fre- (A. Bonaldi and S. Ricciardi). C. Dickinson summarises quentrange.ThemostpromisingcandidatefortheAME observations of AME in HII regions, while C. T. Tibbs et is electric dipole radiation from small spinning dust grains al. discuss the limitation of AME emissivities derived from (spinning dust emission). This was first predicted in the observations.Finally,J.A.Rubino-Mart˜ ´ın et al. present a late 50s, with major developments in the theory over the comprehensivesummaryandnewresultsonthepolarization last 15 years. The theory predicts a peaked spectrum which of AME. emits at frequencies from about 10 GHz to over 100 GHz, We hope that researchers from a broad range of astro- but with a wide range of peak frequencies and emissivities, nomical backgrounds (CMB foregrounds, radio astronomy, which depend on the local environment and dust grain size ISM,andtheory)findthisspecialissueusefulinbringing distribution. There is still significant debate about the true the state-of-the-art research in AME into one compendium. nature of the AME, and both observations and theory are still We also hope that it may stimulate further research into this relatively unexplored. An exciting possibility is to use detailed fascinating area of astronomy and astrophysics. radio observations of spinning dust to study the interstellar Clive Dickinson medium,inacomplementarywaytotheoptical,UV,and Roberta Paladini infrared domains. This special issue is dedicated to the study Laurent Verstraete of AME. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Astronomy Volume 2013, Article ID 390287, 25 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/390287 Review Article Anomalous Microwave Emission from Star Forming Regions Anna M. M. Scaife Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Anna M. M. Scaife; [email protected] Received 7 June 2012; Accepted 11 January 2013 Academic Editor: Laurent Verstraete Copyright © 2013 Anna M. M. Scaife. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The evidence for microwave emission from spinning dust grains has been strengthened considerably by its detection in anumber of discrete astrophysical objects associated with star formation. These detections, in combination with statistical constraints on its presence on large angular scales in the diffuse ISM, have provided strong observational confirmation of an emission mechanism still referred to as anomalous. This emission has a peaked spectrum with a maximum in the microwave band; the present review discusses the continuum radio emission mechanisms which can contribute to this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, collects published results on the prevalence of anomalous microwave emission in a variety of star formation regions, presents the overall conclusions that may be drawn from the detections so far, and discusses the prospects for future research on the anomalous microwave emission attributed to spinning dust within star forming regions. 1. Introduction factor but represent the bulk of mass in the galaxy. These giant cloud components are virialized and gravitationally bound, The interstellar medium (ISM) of our galaxy and others is and their increased pressure is a result of an ongoing internal volume dominated by a small number of components. These struggle to produce pressure gradients which will balance components are differentiated by