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Books about the Southern Sky Atlas of the Southern Night Sky, Steve Massey and Steve Quirk, 2010, second edition (New Holland Publishers: Australia). Well-illustrated guide to the southern sky, with 100 star charts, photographs by amateur astronomers, and information about telescopes and accessories. The Southern Sky Guide, David Ellyard and Wil Tirion, 2008 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge). A Walk through the Southern Sky: A Guide to Stars and Constellations and Their Legends, Milton D. Heifetz and Wil Tirion, 2007 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge). Explorers of the Southern Sky: A History of Astronomy in Australia, R. and R. F. Haynes, D. F. Malin, R. X. McGee, 1996 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge). Astronomical Objects for Southern Telescopes, E. J. Hartung, Revised and illustrated by David Malin and David Frew, 1995 (Melbourne University Press: Melbourne). An indispensable source of information for observers of southern sky, with vivid descriptions and an extensive bibliography. Astronomy of the Southern Sky, David Ellyard, 1993 (HarperCollins: Pymble, N.S.W.). An introductory-level popular book about observing and making sense of the night sky, especially the southern hemisphere. Under Capricorn: A History of Southern Astronomy, David S. Evans, 1988 (Adam Hilger: Bristol). An excellent history of the development of astronomy in the southern hemisphere, with a good bibliography that names original sources. The Southern Sky: A Practical Guide to Astronomy, David Reidy and Ken Wallace, 1987 (Allen and Unwin: Sydney). A comprehensive history of the discovery and exploration of the southern sky, from the earliest European voyages of discovery to the modern age. Exploring the Southern Sky, S. Laustsen, C. Madsen and R. M. West, 1987 (Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg). This comprehensive pictorial atlas from the European Southern Observatory made views of the southern skies available to many an armchair astronomer and today gives a good baseline reference for the state of astronomical photography 25 years ago. Free PDF for download: http://www.eso.org/public/products/books/exploring_the_southern_sky/ 208 Astronomical Institutions in the Southern Hemisphere, 1850–1950, David S. Evans, 1984, in Astrophysics and Twentieth Century Astronomy to 1950, ed. O Gingerich, Vol. 4A of The General History of Astronomy (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge). Results of Astronomical Observations made during the Years 1834, 5, 6, 7, 8, at the Cape of Good Hope; being the completion of a telescopic survey of the whole surface of the visible heavens, commenced in 1825, Sir John H. F. W. Herschel, 1847 (Smith, Elder: London). Lucid, colorful, wordy, but fascinating descriptions and drawings of his southern hemisphere observations. Copies occasionally appear on auction sites and with specialist book dealers. Colours of the Stars, David Malin and Paul Murdin, 1984 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge). A comprehensive and understandable book about the astrophysics of color. A View of the Universe, David Malin, 1993 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge). Lavishly illustrated photographic exploration of the southern skies. 209 Object List and Figure Credits Cover, M42: ESO/J. Emerson/VISTA. Acknowledgment: p. 59, Horsehead: ESO Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit pp. 61, M78: ESO and Igor Chekalin Frontispiece, NGC 602: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope/R. Gendler p. 62, Monoceros R2 Association IR: ESO/J. Emerson/Vista/R. Gendler p. 9, The Southern Cross: ESO/Y. Beletsky p. 63, NGC 2170: R. Gendler, R. Hannahoe p. 10, M42: ESO pp. 64–65, IC 2177 and NGC 2327: R. Gendler p. 13, The Southern Cross: Akira Fujii pp. 66–67, NGC 2359: Star Shadows Remote p. 14, Corsali’s Crux drawing: National Library of Australia Observatory and PROMPT/UNC p. 17, Centaurus A: Main image: Australian Astronomical pp. 68–69, CG4: David Malin (AAO) Observatory; upper left: James Dunlop; lower right: John Herschel p. 70, NGC 2442 overview: ESO p. 21, Great Comet of 1882: South African Astronomical Observatory p. 71, NGC 2442: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope/R. Gendler/ESO p. 22, The Large Magellanic Cloud: H.C. Russell pp. 72–73, NGC 2440: NASA, ESA, and K. Noll (STScI) p. 24, Messier 31: W.C. Miller/D. Malin/Caltech p. 74, NGC 2467: NASA, ESA, and Orsola De p. 26, E-ELT: ESO Marco (Macquarie University) p. 26, SKA: SPDO/TDP/DRAO/Swinburne Astronomy Productions p. 75, NGC 2467: ESO pp. 28–29, The Southern Sky: S. Brunier/ESO pp. 76, Toby Jug Nebula: R. Gendler pp. 30–31, Orion deep field: R. Gendler p. 78, Pencil Nebula: NASA/ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) pp. 32–33, NGC 1531–1532: R. Gendler, J.E. Ovaldsen, A. Hornstrup, ESO/IDA p. 79, Vela Supernova Remnant: R. Gendler pp. 34–35, NGC 1672: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope/R. Gendler pp. 80–81, NGC 2997: R. Gendler p. 36, N11 overview: R. Gendler, R. Hannahoe pp. 82–83, Carina Nebula region: R. Gendler, Stephane Guisard p. 37, N11 detail: NASA, ESA, HST, Jesus Maiz Apellaniz pp. 84–85, Carina Nebula: R. Gendler/ESO, R. Hannahoe (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Spain) pp. 85, Carina Nebula Narrowband: N. Smith and NOAO/AURA/NSF pp. 39, NGC 1909: R. Gendler pp. 86, WR 25 and Tr 16: NASA, ESA, and Jesus Maiz p. 40, LHA 120–N44: ESO Apellaniz (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Spain) p. 41, N44: Gemini South/Travis Rector p. 87, Mystic Mountain: NASA, ESA and M. Livio and (University of Alaska Anchorage) the Hubble 20th Anniversary Team (STScI) pp. 42-43, Large Magellanic Cloud: R. Gendler pp. 89, NGC 3293: R. Gendler p. 45, Orion Nebula: ESO/J. Emerson/Vista/R. Gendler pp. 90–91, NGC 3521: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope/R. Gendler pp. 46–47, Trapezium: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope/R. Gendler p. 92, NGC 3603: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)-ESA/ Hubble Collaboration p. 48, SN1987A: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope/R. Gendler p. 93, NGC 3576: Ken Crawford p. 49, SN1987A: Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI/NASA/ESA) pp. 94–95, NGC 3621: R. Gendler p. 50, NGC 1999: R. Gendler p. 96, Thackeray’s Globules: NASA/ESA and the p. 51, NGC 1999 detail: NASA/ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA Hubble Heritage Team (STScI) p. 97, IC 2944: Ken Crawford pp. 53, Tarantula Nebula: ESO p. 98, NGC 4038–4039: NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage Team p. 54, Tarantula Nebula Center: ESA/NASA/ESO and Danny LaCrue (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, Acknowledgement: p. 55, Tarantula Nebula RMC 136 grouping: NASA, ESA, and F. Paresce B. Whitmore (STScI) and James Long (ESA/Hubble) (INAF-IASF, Bologna, Italy), (University of Virginia, Charlottesville), p. 99, NGC 4038–4039: R. Gendler and the Wide Field Camera 3 Science Oversight Committee pp. 100–101, M104: NASA/ESA and the p. 56, Flame and Horsehead Nebula: ESO/J. Emerson/Vista/R. Gendler Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA p. 58, Horsehead Nebula and NGC 2023: R.J. GaBany 210 pp. 102–103, The Coalsack: Akira Fujii p. 149, M16: Russell Croman p. 104, NGC 4755: ESO/Y. Beletsky p. 150, M17: ESO/INAF-VST/OmegaCAM. Acknowledgement: OmegaCen/Astro-WISE/Kapteyn Institute p. 105, NGC 4755: Johannes Schedler p. 151, M17: ESO pp. 106, NGC 4945: R. Gendler, R. Hannahoe, and ESO/IDA/C. Thone pp. 152–153, NGC 6529 and Barnard 86: Travis Rector/ p. 108, Centaurus A: ESA/Hubble, NASA University of Alaska Anchorage and NOAO/AURA/NSF p. 109, Centaurus A: ESO/WFI, MPifR/ESO/APEX/A. pp. 154–155, M22: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope/R. Gendler Weiss et al, NASA/CXC/Cfa/R. Kraft et al. pp. 157, M11: R.J. GaBany pp. 110, Omega Centauri: ESO/INAF-VST/OmegaCAM. Acknowledgement: OmegaCen/Astro-WISE/Kapteyn Institute pp. 158–159, NGC 6726: ESO pp. 112–113, NGC 5189: Gemini South/Travis pp. 161, NGC 6744: R. Gendler Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage) pp. 162, NGC 6769–6770–6771: ESO p. 114, M83: ESO pp. 165, NGC 6822: R.Gendler/ESO p .115, M83 detail: NASA, ESA, and the pp. 166–169, Helix Nebula: NASA, ESA, C.R. O’Dell (Vanderbilt Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) University), M. Meixner, P. Mc Cullough, G.Bacon (STScI) pp. 116–117, NGC 5426–5427: Gemini Observatory pp. 170, NGC 7424: Gemini Observatory, Travis Rector (University pp. 118–119, Milky Way Center: R. Gendler of Alaska Anchorage), Stuart Ryder (AAO), R. Gendler pp. 120, IC 4592–4601: R. Gendler, J. Misti, S. Mazlin pp. 172, NGC 7793 overview: R. Gendler pp. 122, Rho Ophiuchi Nebula: David Malin (AAO) pp. 173, NGC 7793: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope/R. Gendler p. 124, NGC 6164–6165: Gemini Observatory/ Travis pp. 174, NGC 45: R. Gendler Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage) pp. 177, NGC 55: R. Gendler p. 125, NGC 6164–6165: R. Gendler pp. 178, 47 Tucanae: R. Gendler pp. 126–127, NGC 6188–6193: R. Gendler, M. Pugh pp. 180–181, Cartwheel Galaxy: ESA/Hubble, NASA pp. 128, Dark Tower: R. Gendler pp. 183, NGC 247: ESO pp. 130, NGC 6302: NASA, ESA and the Hubble SM4 ERO Team pp. 184–185, NGC 253: NASA/ESA Hubble pp. 132–133, NGC 6334: ESO Space Telescope/R. Gendler pp. 134–135, Milky Way: Stephane Guisard/ESO pp. 187, Small Magellanic Cloud: Stanislav Volskiy p. 136, Pismis 24: NASA, ESA and Jesús Maíz Apellániz pp. 188–189, NGC 300: ESO (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Spain) pp. 191, NGC 346 & LHA 115–N66: NASA, ESA, p. 137, NGC 6334: R. Gendler and A. Nota (ESA/STScI, STScI/AURA) pp. 138, M7: R. Gendler pp. 192, NGC 602 & LHA 115–N90: NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA-ESA/Hubble Collaboration p. 140, M20: NASA/ESA and Jeff Hester (ASU) pp. 194–195, M77: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope/R.
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  • The X-Ray Luminosity Function of Ultra Luminous X-Ray Sources in Collisional Ring Galaxies

    The X-Ray Luminosity Function of Ultra Luminous X-Ray Sources in Collisional Ring Galaxies

    Draft version June 8, 2018 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX62 The X-Ray Luminosity Function of Ultra Luminous X-Ray Sources in Collisional Ring Galaxies Anna Wolter,1 Antonella Fruscione,2 and Michela Mapelli3 1INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy 2Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambdidge, MA, 02138 3INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy (Received March, 7th, 2018; Accepted June, 5th, 2018) Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal ABSTRACT Ring galaxies are fascinating laboratories: a catastrophic impact between two galaxies (one not much smaller than the other) has produced fireworks especially in the larger one, when hit roughly perpendicularly to the plane. We analyze the point sources, produced by the starburst episode following the impact, in the rings of seven galaxies and determine their X-ray luminosity function (XLF). In 39 −1 total we detect 63 sources, of which 50 have luminosity LX ≥ 10 erg s , classifying them as ultra luminous X-ray sources (ULXs). We find that the total XLF is not significantly different from XLFs derived for other kinds of galaxies, with a tendency of having a larger fraction of high X-ray luminosity objects. Both the total number of ULXs and the number of ULXs per unit star formation rate are found in the upper envelope of the more normal galaxies distribution. Further analysis would be needed to address the issue of the nature of the compact component in the binary system. Keywords: galaxies: individual (AM0644-741, Arp143, Arp148) - galaxies: peculiar - galaxies: star formation - X-ray binaries 1.