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Orion's Largest A Digital Supplement to Astronomy Insights Astronomy Magazine © 2017 Kalmbach Publishing Co. Orion’s Secrets Revealed Find the Constellation’s Deep-Sky Treasures April 2017 • Astronomy.com NIGHT OF THE HUNTER Reflection nebula NGC 2023 surrounds a hot star and scatters its light from a distance of 1,600 light- Discover years. R. JAY GABANY ORION’S DEEP-SKY GEMS The beauty and variety of objects in this constellation will keep you warm even on the coldest nights. by Stephen James O’Meara rion the Hunter is one of the Hopefully, you’ll get enough clear nights around the Belt like a giant serpent around sky’s most identifiable starry that these treats will keep you busy on a stick. By the way, the third star in the figures. It’s also one of the cold winter nights. Belt, Alnilam (Epsilon [ε] Orionis), is wealthiest constellations in roughly three times as distant as the other terms of deep-sky riches. It Orion’s largest … two, according to measurements using Ocontains examples of every major class and then some Hipparcos satellite data. of object but one (a globular star cluster). Orion’s Belt is one of the easiest star pat- After making an observation of All are within reach of small- to medium- terns to find. These three 2nd-magnitude Collinder 70, you might find it easier to sized telescopes, and some are best seen stars, equally spaced across 3° of sky, out- imagine, as in Hindu mythology, the Sun through binoculars under a dark sky. line the Hunter’s waist. The trio has long god Vishnu standing on the back of a turtle For this story, I’ve chosen a sampling of fueled the imagination. Australian aborig- and churning out the Milky Way using … these treats — including some uncom- ines envisioned them as young men danc- a serpent-wrapped stick! mon targets — as well as a few fun visual ing to attract the attention of maidens (the The Belt also harbors NGC 2024, a rip- challenges for small-telescope users. Pleiades). Early Mayans fancied them as roaring burst of reflection nebulosity the crack in the shell of the cosmic turtle known as the Flame Nebula, 15' northeast through which the world ascended. of Alnitak, the Belt’s easternmost star. I Today we know that at least two of the regard it as one of Orion’s great wonders. Belt stars — Mintaka (Delta [δ] Orionis) Under a dark sky, I’ve spied this 30'-wide and Alnitak (Zeta [ζ] Ori) — belong nebula through hand-held binoculars. to open star cluster Collinder 70, an You’ll find this much easier if you attractive gathering of 100 hot mount the binoculars on a tripod and young stars moving through occult Alnitak’s light with the sharp edge space as a pack. Simple hand- of a distant roof. Look for a sepulchral veil held binoculars will show about of dark nebulosity that slices clean through 70 cluster members snaking NGC 2024’s midsection, partially hiding from view a cluster of newborn suns. In images, NGC 2024 bears a remarkable Sigma (σ) Orionis is a wonderful example of a multiple star system. resemblance to lipstick marks on a mirror, This sketch, made with a 6-inch and from that comes one of its more popu- Newtonian and an eyepiece that gave lar nicknames: the Lips Nebula. a magnification of 240x, shows three of its stars along with Struve 761, the Almost equidistant southeast of thin triangle to the upper right that the Alnitak, you’ll find another highly author describes. JEREMY PEREZ neglected reflection nebula: NGC 2023. Engineered from the ground up for optimum Advanced VX 11” Schmidt-Cassegrain astroimaging performance and value. Sale Ends 5/15 Advanced VX Mount Advanced VX 8” Edge HD Advanced VX 6” Refractor DISCOVER MORE AT celestron.comcelestron.com WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 3 The Flame Nebula (NGC 2024) is part of the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex, which also includes the much tougher to see Horsehead Nebula (Barnard 33). ADAM BLOCK/MOUNT LEMMON SKYCENTER/UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA This 10'-wide circular glow surrounds an 13" east of the primary; the farthest one is nebulae lie nearby: NGC 2071 to the 8th-magnitude star and looks like what 41" northeast. Struve 761, a needle-thin north-northeast, NGC 2067 to the north- you’d see after breathing on your eyepiece scalene triangle of 8th-magnitude stars 3' west, and NGC 2064 to the southwest. during a cold night. NGC 2023’s true northwest, adds beauty to the field. M78 is the principal marvel, appearing nature, however, reveals itself if you com- Once again, return to Alnitak. This as a soft, wispy 8'-wide fog around two pare it to similarly bright stars nearby. time, stay there and push the power to close-knit 10th-magnitude stars. When There’s more! Look just 50' south of 220x or more. Alnitak is one of the night viewed through eyepieces that give moder- Alnitak to find one of the most remarkable sky’s unadorned multiple star systems: a ate to high magnifications, observers see multiple star systems in the sky. Sigma (σ) magnitude 1.9 primary with a magnitude the fog splinter in all manner of comet-like Orionis (also known as Struve 762) is a 3.7 secondary 2.4" to the southeast. manifestations riveted with dark nodules quintuplet with four components available Observers have described the second- and irregular streaks. It’s a playground for to small-telescope users. The stars are ary’s color as rose, lavender, and reddish- whispers of light and shadow. strung out in a crooked line oriented olive. What do you see? A third star, Astroimagers should also try for roughly northeast to southwest. Their glowing at magnitude 9.5, lies 60" north- McNeil’s Nebula, a reflection nebula magnitudes range from 4 to 9, with the east of the primary. named after amateur astronomer Jay closest companions lying 11" southwest and McNeil, who discovered it in 2004 from his Shadow play backyard in Padukah, Kentucky — using a Stephen James O’Meara is a contributing edi- One of Orion’s best-known objects, reflec- CCD camera mounted on a 3-inch tele- tor of Astronomy who authors the “Secret Sky” tion nebula M78, shines about 2½° north- scope! The nebula can be easy to see column each month. east of Alnitak. Three well-known dwarf through medium-sized scopes, but be 4 ASTRONOMY INSIGHTS • APRIL 2016 THANKS to everyone who joined us at the 2017 Northeast Astronomy Forum! We loved sharing our latest technology with you. In case you missed it, here are some of the products that took center stage at the Celestron booth. Follow us on Facebook and see pictures from the show! FOLLOW US OUR ALL-NEW CGX AND CGX-L HIGH-TECH GERMAN EQUATORIAL MOUNTS ACCESSORIES SkyPortal WiFi Module Enables WiFi control of Celestron computerized telescopes via smartphone or tablet StarSense CGX-L 1400 Edge HD CGX 11” RASA Telescope Aligns in 3 minutes or less with Telescope precise GoTo pointing accuracy NEW SOLAR SAFE GEAR FOR THE 2017 NORTH AMERICAN TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE Solar Safe Travel Scope 50 10x42 Solar Safe Binoculars Solar Safe Glasses (Included in Deluxe and Ultra Sun Observing and Imaging Kits) celestron.com M78 (above center), the sky’s brightest reflection nebula, is the most prominent part of this image. The large reflection nebula below it is NGC 2071. NGC 2064 is the small bright knot to the left of M78, just across the dark rift. Finally, NGC 2067 stretches to the lower right of NGC 2064 and is to the lower left of M78. DON GOLDMAN warned, it is a variable phenomenon that Sharpless 2–264 surrounding Collinder Pump up the power to 300x or more, and comes into view only when its illuminating 69, whose collective radiation energizes the you should see the planetary’s well-defined star (a variable) flares to significance. nebula. Is the mist we see with our unaided ring that looks like two crescents facing off. You’ll find it 7' southwest of M78. eyes the nebula or an illusion created by I find this feature one of the most obvi- the closeness and dimness of the cluster’s ous of its kind in small- to moderate-sized Face it stars? The latter reason is why the Beehive telescopes. If you’re using a small telescope, Early skywatchers saw Orion’s face as a Cluster (M44) in Cancer appears fuzzy to be sure to employ averted vision (look misty patch with three stars at the core in unaided eyes. You be the judge. slightly to the side of the object rather than the shape of a capital Greek letter Lambda By the way, the distance between straight at it). (Λ). Coincidentally, Meissa (Lambda [λ] Lambda and Phi1 Orionis, 27', is about the Orionis) is the brightest with Phi1 (ϕ1) and same as the apparent size of the Full Moon. Sword of wonder Phi2 (ϕ2) Orionis as its fainter attendants. Try to visualize that the next time you see The words “Orion’s Sword” usually con- Of the three, Lambda and Phi1 belong these stars. It may seem hard to believe. jure up a vision of three faint stars in a to the sparse 70'-wide open star cluster The region of Orion’s face also contains row dangling from Orion’s Belt and sport- Collinder 69. These 20 stars include at the challenging 12th-magnitude planetary ing the spectacular Orion Nebula (M42) least a half-dozen other suns hovering nebula NGC 2022.
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