3D Printing Class 3D Printing Class Content Content Architect

3D Printing Class 3D printing class Content Content Architect...... 5 Name...... 5 Get to know more about different architectures around Learning how to use XYZAPP(textboard) to make a 5 the world, and learn how to use 123D Design to design a personal nameboard. 1 structure on your own. Teaching hour: 1 week Teaching hour: 2 weeks Tangram...... 5 Spirograph...... 5 Recognize tangram and learn how to use 123D Design 6 Recognize spirogragh, and learn the science principle of it. 2 to design a set of tangram. Try to assemble the puzzle to Teaching hour: 1 week assigned pattern. Teaching hour: 2 weeks Statue...... 5 Clock...... 5 Learning more about the history of Leonardo da Vinci and 7 his masterpiece, Mona Lisa. Recognize clocks and learn how to use 123D Design to Teaching hour: 1 week 3 design a clock. Try to assemble the clock and applying colors. Doorplate...... 5 Teaching hour: 3 weeks 8 Learning how to write address with correct format and Elementary Arithmetic...... 5 how to use TinkerCAD to design their own doorplate. Teaching hour: 2 weeks 4 Get familiar with the four fundamental operations of arithmetic, and practice with the math spinner toy. Seesaw...... 5 Teaching hour: 1 week 9 Learning more about the law of leverage, and how to Ideal for grade 1, 2 print, or operate a seesaw model. Teaching hour: 1 week

Ideal for grade 3, 4

- 3 - - 4 - 3D printing class Content Content

Solar System...... 5 Racing Cars...... 5 Get to know more about the planet of the Solar Learning more about different types of vehicles, and System. learn how to use 123D Design to design a racing car. Teaching hour: 1 week Teaching hour: 2 weeks

Clay...... 5 Pythagorean Theorem...... 5 Get to know more about clay, and learn how to use Learning more about Pythagorean theorem. Try to 123D Design software to design the mold. proof it by using the teaching aid. Teaching hour: 2 weeks Teaching hour: 1 week

Geometric...... 5 Robot...... 5 Get to know more about polyhedrons and the Get to know more about different types of robots, relationships between their vertices, edges, and faces. and learn how to use 123D Design software to Teaching hour: 1 week design a robot decoration. Teaching hour: 2 weeks

Ideal for grade 5, 6 Gear...... 5 Get to know more about gears and observe the way it works. English Science Teaching hour: 1 week Geography Mathematic History Art

- 5 - - 6 - 3D Printing class Name Chapter 1 Name

Most people’s name is consisted of “first name” and “last name” (surname). For example, Michael Jordan, the famous NBA player, Michael is his first name and Jordan is his last name. The way of English naming is quite different from Chinese naming. - 7 - - 8 - 3D Printing class Name Implements There is an interesting statistic of popular naming in the U.S.A. Link to XYZ Printing website. Check the list below: http://apps.xyzprinting.com/textboard?lang=tw_zh_tw Ranking Name of Boys Name of Girls

1 Jacob Emily

2 Michael Emma

3 Joshua Madison

4 Matthew Olivia

5 Ethean Hannah

6 Andrew Abigail

7 Daniel Isabella

8 William Ashley

9 Joseph Samantha

10 Christopher Elizabeth

STEP1 Choose your favorite type of board.

- 9 - - 10 - 3D Printing class Name STEP2 Exercise Type in your name. Choose the font and size of it. 1. Take a guess, what is the meaning of the name “Albert”?

( ) a. Brave men in battlefield ( ) b. World leader ( ) c. Guardian of human being ( ) d. Highborn people

2. Take a guess, what is the meaning of the name “Dora”?

( ) a. Gentle and quiet women ( ) b. Young women ( ) c. Beauties of spring ( ) d. Gift of Jesus

STEP3 Congratulation! You have just made your personal name board. Download it and print it now!

- 11 - - 12 - 3D Printing class Name Additional There is a interesting young man in England, who named himself as”Emperor Spiderman Gandolf Wolverine Skywalker Optimus Prime Goku Sonic Xavier Ryu Cloud Superman Herman Batman Thrash.” In dictionary, the longest vocabulary is “pneumonoultramicrosc opicsilicovolcanoconiosis” which consists of 45 alphabets. It is a disease of lungs.

- 13 - - 14 - 3D Printing class Name Preview of next chapter… Have you ever played tangram? Do you know why there are seven puzzles in tangram? Let’s know more about tangram in next chapter!

- 15 - - 16 - 3D Printing class Tangram Chapter 2 Tangram

The tangram is not only able to create interesting shapes which full of beauty, but which fulfill with knowledge of math and geometry. It is capable of helping kids to develop their potential of creativity and reasoning ability. In short, tangram is a great brainstorming entertainment. - 17 - - 18 - 3D Printing class Tangram Implements The history of tangram can be traced back to 1000 years ago. It Use 123D Design to make a set of tangram. is a dissection puzzle consisting of seven flat shapes of which was reputed to have been invented in China during the Song Dynasty. http://www.123dapp.com/design

The most famous puzzle games in China were baguenaudier, klotski and tangram. The most common one among three is tangram. The tangram is very possibly originated from the “yanjintu furniture set” during the Song Dynasty. The furniture set was originally a set of 7 tables that were used to receive guests. Later in the Ming Dynasty, people use 13 triangle teapoys to arrange a shape of butterfly wings, which called “butterfly teapoy drawing”.

Tangram is also named of “wisdom puzzle”. It is combined of 5 triangle shape, 1 square shape and 1 parallelogram shape. Through people’s imagination and creation, these 7 puzzles can be assembled to countless figure, such as animals, numbers or patters.

1. Loading: Drag the default 3D construction model to the work area.

2. Adjusting: Re-arrange the location and size of the default 3D construction model

3.combination: Use the tools on the right to decorate the default 3D construction model

- 19 - - 20 - 3D Printing class Tangram Operating instruction STEP2 STEP1 Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a diagonal Choose “Primitive/Rectangle” button from upper toolbar to draw line to divide the regular rectangle into two half. a regular rectangle. Set the length of 80mm, width of 80mm.

- 21 - - 22 - 3D Printing class Tangram STEP3 STEP5 Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a line lower Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw another line right. upper right.

STEP4 STEP6 Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a line upper Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a straight right. line.

- 23 - - 24 - 3D Printing class Tangram STEP7 Click any of the geometrical patterns and then click the gear button, choose “Extrude” and set the height of 5mm. Move it a little bit from other patterns afterwards.

STEP8 Repeat Step 7 and complete a set of tangram.

- 25 - - 26 - 3D Printing class Tangram Download drawing

http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/tw_zh_tw/membergallery /model/201505269472543

- 27 - - 28 - 3D Printing class Tangram Exercise Additional 1. Which shape is not included in a tangram set? There are more patterns for you to assemble!

( ) a. Parallelogram ( ) b Triangle ( ) c. Triangle ( ) d.Trapezoid

2. In a tangram set, how many times larger is a large square than a small square?

( ) a. 4 ( ) b. 8 ( ) c.16 ( ) d. 32 http://kids.yam.com/game/kids_games/flash/yamie-01.swf

- 29 - - 30 - 3D Printing class Tangram

Application of tangram

- 31 - - 32 - 3D Printing class Tangram Preview of next chapter… Do you know what time is it? We are going to print out a tiny clock during the next chapter!

- 33 - - 34 - 3D Printing class Clock Chapter 3 Clock

Clock is one of the earliest inventions of human history. From season changing to daily routine, or even the measurement of science, the time recognition has became indispensable with our life.

- 35 - - 36 - 3D Printing class Clock Sundial Hourglass Sundial was invented since ancient Egypt. People use the shadow Hourglass is another common time-measuring instrument. of a stick on a surface to indicate time. It cannot be used during Two funnel-shaped glass vessels that contained with sand were night because there is no sunlight. connected together. While sand is pouring through the tiny hole between two glass containers with regular speed, people are able to indicate the time change.

Water clock Ancient Egyptian had found that the time could be measured through a regular flow of water. As a result, water clock was invented and people were able to recognize the time during night. Clepsydra was one of the typical water clock, that the time was measured by the inflow of water.

- 37 - - 38 - 3D Printing class Clock Recognize a Clock Implements Use 123D Design to make the robot.

There are numbers 1-12 on a clock dial. The http://www.123dapp.com/design shorter hand is hour hand, and the longer hand is minute hand.

The hour hand points at 8, while the minute hand points at 12. It is called 8 o’clock, or 8 o’clock sharp.

The hour hand points between 9 and 10, 1. Loading: Drag the default 3D construction model to the work area. while the minute hand points at 6. It is called half pass nine, half to ten, or nine-thirty. 2. Adjusting: Re-arrange the location and size of the default 3D construction model

3.combination: Use the tools on the right to decorate the default 3D construction model

Some kinds of clocks may not have numbers on their clock dial; instead, they only have marked scale or Roman numerals. However, we can still recognize the time as long as we observe the relative positions of hands.

- 39 - - 40 - 3D Printing class Clock Operating instruction STEP3 STEP1 Choose “Primitive/Circle” to draw a circle with radius of 35mm, Choose “Primitive/Circle” from upper toolbar and draw a and then choose “Primitive/Cylinder” to build a cylinder with concentric circle. Set the radius from outside in of 100mm, 90mm, radius of 6mm and height of 2mm at the central-top of the circle. and 5mm.

STEP2 Click any of the geometrical patterns and then click the gear button, and choose “Extrude”. Set the height from outside in of 8mm, 2mm, and 5mm.

- 41 - - 42 - 3D Printing class Clock STEP4 STEP5 Choose “Pattern/Circular Pattern” from upper toolbar. Click the Choose “Text” button from upper toolbar and type in “1” to “Solids/s” of the small toolbar and then click the cylinder. Next, the “Text” column. Click the number that showed up on the work click “Axis” and then click the circle. Set 12 to the “count” plane and use copy and paste to make 11 copies. Change those afterwards. copies by typing in numbers from 2-12 to the “Text” column. Click each numbers separately on the work plane and then click the gear button to choose “Extrude”. Set the height of each numbers to 1mm. Hint: You can choose the font type freely, but the height must smaller than 12mm.

- 43 - - 44 - 3D Printing class Clock STEP6 STEP7 Choose “Snap” button from upper toolbar. Move your point Choose “Combine/Merge” button from upper toolbar. Click the of view to the bottom, and then click the underside of any of the number, and then click the corresponding cylinder to make each numbers. Next, click the top face of the corresponding cylinder to numbers connected to their corresponding cylinders. Next, multi- make them connected. Delete the circle pattern afterwards. select 12 cylinders (drag an area or use Ctrl button) and choose Hint: You can use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align “Group/Grouping”. Use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar number 10-12 to the corresponding cylinders. to align the clock face from Step2 with 12 cylinders. Hint: If the setting of height from Step2, Step3 and Step5 is correct, the numbers shall be shown on the clock face. You can adjust the height of 12 cylinders freely.

- 45 - - 46 - 3D Printing class Clock STEP8 STEP9 Choose “Sketch/Polyline” button from upper toolbar and draw an Use copy and paste to make a copy of the arrow from Step9. Drag arrow which length of 25mm, and width of 5mm to make the hour the bottom edge of the arrow for 15mm to make the minute hand. hand. Click the bottom edge of minute hand and then choose “Sketch/ Hint: The length of hour hand must shorter than minute hand. The Sketch Circle” to draw a concentric circle with radius from outside length of minute hand must less than 75mm. in of 10mm, and 5.6mm. Use copy and paste to make a copy of the concentric circle to the bottom edge of the hour hand as well.

- 47 - - 48 - 3D Printing class Clock STEP10 Exercise Press Ctrl (or command button for mac) button and choose the 1. It is 10:40 AM, what time it will be after 30 minutes? area besides the internal circle. Next, click the gear button, and then choose “Extrude” for setting height of 2mm. Congrats! You have ( ) a. 11:00 AM ( ) b 11:10 AM accomplished making the clock! ( ) c. 11:20 AM ( ) d.11:30 AM

2. It is 05:00 PM, Dennis had been played baseball for 2 hours 15 minutes. What time was it when he started to play baseball?

( ) a. 2:15 PM ( ) b. 2:35 PM ( ) c. 7:15 PM ( ) d. 7:35 PM

- 49 - - 50 - 3D Printing class Clock Additional In ancient China, people divided a day into a cycle of 12 Earthly Branches (2 hour for each branch). The combination of two sub- cycle (Earthly Branches and Heavenly stem) generate a total of 60 terms which can be used to record time.

Heavenly stem: Jia, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui

Earthly Branches Time

Zi 11:00pm-01:00am

Chou 01:00am-03:00am

Yin 03:00am-05:00am

Mao 05:00am-07:00am

Shen 07:00am-09:00am

Si 09:00am-11:00am

Wu 11:00am-01:00pm

Wei 01:00pm-03:00pm

Shen 03:00pm-05:00pm

You 05:00pm-07:00pm

Xu 07:00pm-09:00pm

Hai 09:00pm-11:00pm

- 51 - - 52 - 3D Printing class Clock Preview of next chapter… Do you remember what are the basic operations of arithmetic? We are going to make a math spinner toy to practice math in the next chapter.

- 53 - - 54 - 3D Printing class Elementary Arithmetic Chapter 4 Elementary Arithmetic

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division are the most basic operations of arithmetic. There are two important rules among all; Multiplication and division must be completed before addition and subtraction; Expressions in parenthesis must be calculated first.

- 55 - - 56 - 3D Printing class Elementary Arithmetic

Besides the four fundamental operations of arithmetic, there are 2.Associative Property also some important properties as following: (a＋b)＋c＝a＋(b＋c) (a × b) × c ＝ a × (b × c)

1.Communicative Property Example: a ＋ b ＋ c ＝ a ＋ c ＋ b (1＋2)＋3＝3＋3＝1＋(2＋ 3)＝1 ＋5 a × b × c ＝ b × a × c (1 × 2) × 3 ＝ 2 × 3 ＝ 1 × (2 × 3) ＝ 1 × 6

Example: 1＋2＋3＝6＝1＋3＋2 1 × 2 × 3 ＝ 6 ＝ 2 × 1 × 3 3.Distributive Property a×(b ＋ c) ＝ a×b ＋ a×c a×(b − c) ＝ a×b − a×c

Example: 1×(3＋2)＝1×5＝1×3＋1×2＝3＋2 1×(3 − 2) ＝ 1×1 ＝ 1×3 − 1×2 ＝ 3 − 2

- 57 - - 58 - 3D Printing class Elementary Arithmetic Implements download drawing

Basic Calculator Beach Sand Roller Set

http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ tw_zh_tw/membergallery/model/ tw_zh_tw/membergallery/model/ 201505229445074 201506049525707

Doorplate

http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/membergallery/model/ 201507289878809

Operating instruction

Try to combine the number rims with four fundamental operations of arithmetic after printed http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ the math spinner toy. Let students to practice their tw_zh_tw/membergallery/model/ mathematical ability with different combinations. 201505209431646

- 59 - - 60 - 3D Printing class Elementary Arithmetic Exercise Additional 1. 3×2+3×4=3×(2+4), Which property has been used? Although the phrase“Arabic numeral” may cause misunderstanding that it comes from Arab league, however, history has proved that it ( )a. Transitive relation was originated from ancient India. ( )b. Commutative property ( )c. Associative property ( )d. Distributive property

2. 98×3-98×27=?

( )a. 98 ( )b. 890 ( )c. 980 ( )d. 1080

- 61 - - 62 - 3D Printing class Elementary Arithmetic

Preview of next chapter… The next chapter will teach you how to construct your own building through 3D modeling software!

- 63 - - 64 - 3D Printing class Architect Chapter 5 Architect

Architecture – one of the greatest inventions of human beings, is the knowledge that able to construct a place for human to rest, admire or to keep safe. Different features of buildings also reflect the diversities of cultures and technology from time to

places. - 65 - - 66 - 3D Printing class Architect

Taipei 101

A special landmark in Taipei, which represents local specialty, Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It is the highest building in Taiwan and also the ninth tallest building of the world.

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:623293/

- 67 - - 68 - 3D Printing class Architect

The Great Wall

In order to defend the raid and invasions of the Eurasian Steppe, Chinese had been building the Great Wall since the Spring and Autumn Period between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. The entire length of the Great Wall measured out to be 24496.18 kilometer. The majority of the Great Wall that we saw today had been built from 14th century during Ming Dynasty, and continues through Jiayu Pass to Hushan Great Wall. The Great Wall is one of the largest and the oldest defense system of Chinese history. Moreover, it also keeps the record of the largest single building of human history.

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:33156

- 69 - - 70 - 3D Printing class Architect

Pyramid and Sphinx

The three symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization are hieroglyphs, pyramids and Sphinx. Pyramids are tombs where ancient Egyptian buried their pharaohs and queens. Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the seven wonders in ancient world, which was constructed of over 13,000,000 bricks that weight over 2.5 tons each. It is the largest pyramid of the world. Sphinx is an enormous statue located next to the Great Pyramid of Giza, with lion’s body and human head. Most scholars believe that Sphinx and Great Pyramid of Giza was both built by the pharaoh Khafre, from 2500 B.C.

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:24446

- 71 - - 72 - 3D Printing class Architect

Sydney Opera House

Sydney Opera House is a world famous performing art center, which located at a peninsula of the south of Sydney Harbor. Numberless tourism have been attracted by its’ unique sail-shaped appearance and the view of Sydney Harbor Bridge. Sydney Opera House is constructed of two main halls, a few small theaters, a concert hall and some ancillary facilities. The two main halls located in the sail-shaped construction, while small theaters were settled in the lower base. The largest hall among Sydney Opera House is the concert hall that has 2679 seats.

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:465989

- 73 - - 74 - 3D Printing class Architect

Parthenon

The Parthenon was built to dedicate to the goddess Athena, (In Greek mythology, Athena is the goddess of wisdom, protector of Athens) which was built 5th centuries B.C. It is the most historical architecture of ancient Greek. Moreover people regard it as the symbol of democracy of ancient Greek and Athens.

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:818432

- 75 - - 76 - 3D Printing class Architect Implements Operating instruction Use 123D Design to make the robot. Step1 Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build a cube. Set http://www.123dapp.com/design the length, width, and height of 20mm.

1. Loading: Drag the default 3D construction model to the work area.

2. Adjusting: Re-arrange the location and size of the default 3D construction model

3.combination: Use the tools on the right to decorate the default 3D construction model

- 77 - - 78 - 3D Printing class Architect Step2 Step4 Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build a cuboid (a) Choose “Sketch/Sketch Polygon” from upper toolbar. By setting 3 and set the length of 40mm, width of 20mm, and height of 20mm. as the number of angles, try to draw a triangle of radius of 22mm Use“Snap” from upper toolbar to connect the cube with cuboid (a).

Step3 Use copy and paste to make a copy of cuboid (a). Rotate the copy (cuboid (b)) for 90 degrees and move it upper for 20mm (to make it connected to the cuboid (a)).

- 79 - - 80 - 3D Printing class Architect Step5 Step6 Click the triangle, and then click the small gear button. Next, choose Choose “Snap” from upper toolbar. Move your point of view to “Extrude” and set the height to 20mm. Rotate the triangular prism the bottom, and click the underside of the triangular prism. Click the for 90 degrees afterwards. top face of the cuboid (b) to make them connected.

- 81 - - 82 - 3D Printing class Architect Step7 Step8 Choose “Primitive/Cylinder” from upper toolbar and build a Choose “Primitive/Cone” from upper toolbar and build a cone cylinder of radius of 10mm and the height of 30mm. Next, use figure of radius of 10mm and the height of 20mm. Next, use “Snap” “Snap” from upper toolbar to make it connected with the cube. from upper toolbar to make it connected with the top face of the cylinder.

- 83 - - 84 - 3D Printing class Architect Step9 Step10 Use copy and paste to make a copy of the cube. Choose “Primitive/Prism” from upper toolbar and build a hexagonal prism by setting the side to 6, radius of 10mm, and height of 20mm.

- 85 - - 86 - 3D Printing class Architect Step11 Step12 Choose “Primitive/Pyramid” from upper toolbar and build a Use copy and paste to make a copy of the set (cube, hexagonal hexagonal pyramid by setting the side to 6, radius of 10mm, and prism, and hexagonal pyramid), and place it to the relative position height of 20mm. Next, use “Snap” from upper toolbar to make it to accomplish the castle. connected with the top face of the hexagonal prism.

- 87 - - 88 - 3D Printing class Architect download drawing

Church http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting. Taj Mahal com/tw_zh_tw/membergallery/ http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting. model/201412307743501 com/tw_zh_tw/membergallery/ model/201404181095593

Pyramid of Maya http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting. com/tw_zh_tw/membergallery/ model/201406242103564

- 89 - - 90 - 3D Printing class Architect Exercise 2. Take a guess, where does this building locate? 1. Take a guess, where does this building locate?

( )a. Malaysia ( )a. Japan ( )b. Singapore ( )b. UK ( )c. Thailand ( )c. US ( )d. Indonesia ( )d. France

- 91 - - 92 - 3D Printing class Architect Additional Here is the ranking list of the tallest buildings in the world

Ranking Building Country City Height Floor 1 Dubai Tower Arab league Arab league 828 meter 169 2 Shanghai Tower China Shanghai 632 meter 118 Makkah Royal Clock Tower 3 Saudi Arabia Mecca 601 meter 120 Hotel 4 Ping An Finance Centre China Shenzhen 600 meter 118

5 Goldin Finance 117 China Tianjin 597 meter 117

6 Lotte World Tower Korea Seoul 556 meter 123 1 World Trade Center 7 US New York 541 meter 104 (1WTC) 8 CTF Finance Centre China Guangzhou 530 meter 117

9 Taipei101 Taiwan R.O.C Taipei 508 meter 101 Shanghai World Financial 10 China Shanghai 492 meter 101 Center

- 93 - - 94 - 3D Printing class Architect

Preview of next chapter… Have you ever used spirograph? You can draw a lot interesting patterns with spirograph. Let’s learn more about it in the next chapter!

- 95 - - 96 - 3D Printing class Spirograph Chapter 6 Spirograph

The tangram is not only able to create interesting shapes which full of beauty, but which fulfill with knowledge of math and geometry. It is capable of helping kids to develop their potential of creativity and reasoning ability. In short, tangram is a great brainstorming entertainment. - 97 - - 98 - 3D Printing class Spirograph Implements Spirogragh is consisted of two different plastic gears that formed by a gear inside or outside of another. Meanwhile the pen is settled on the rolling gear in order to draw flower-shaped geometric patterns. Through different combinations of gears, we can draw various abstract patterns.

http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/tw_zh_tw/membergallery/ model/201505259465374

- 99 - - 100 - 3D Printing class Spirograph Exercise Additional 1. Take a guess, A is a 120-teeth gear, B is a 100-teeth gear. Which gear can draw more complicate patterns?

( ) a. Gear A ( ) b. Gear B

http://www.artbylogic.com/parametricart/spirograph/spirograph. htm

- 101 - - 102 - 3D Printing class Spirograph Preview of next chapter… Have you heard Leonardo da Vinci and his famous painting, Mona Lisa? Let’s print their statues and learn more about their historical background.

- 103 - - 104 - 3D Printing class Statue Chapter 7 Statue

Statue, is a sculpture that representing form of human being or animals. It can be made through many ways such as curving of wood or stone, or mould of clay or gypsum. We could even make a statue with metal!

- 105 - - 106 - 3D Printing class Statue

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci was a polymath who interested in wide areas such as invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography. Many scholar or historians regard Leonardo as the exemplar of Italian Renaissance. Together with Raphael and Michelangelo, he forms trinity of greatest master of the period.

Leonardo was renowned as primary as a painter. The Mona Lisa is the most famous portrait among his work. Meanwhile, the Last Supper is also famous for religious painting of Leonardo in Milan, Italy. It has been listed in the world heritage and it is also famous of the most undertaken religious painting of the world.

Leonardo’s conception of flying machines result from his great interest of studying the flight of bird, as a result, he invented the helicopter and ornithopter that work of human functioning. He was also employed as a military architect who designed many inventions such as machine gun, horse powered tank, cluster bomb, parachute, or pigskin-made scuba diving gear.

- 107 - - 108 - 3D Printing class Statue

Mona Lisa

The Mona Lisa is the most famous oil painting portrait of the world, which known as the representative masterpiece of Leonardo da Vinci. It is now on permanent display at the Louvre Museum in Paris. This painting represents a beautiful lady with a mysterious smile. Leonardo appears to have used the golden ratio (begins with phi, an irrational number which equals to 1.618) into his painting. He used golden rectangle to draw Mona Lisa’s face, which was believed to be the most pleasing ratio of shaping.

The Mona Lisa is the earliest Italian half-length portrait. This new artistic formula affects the way of portrait composition ever since.

- 109 - - 110 - 3D Printing class Statue Implements STEP2 Choose the effect you like and then click 2 for next step afterwards.

Link to XYZ Printing website.

http://apps.xyzprinting.com/textboard?lang=tw_zh_tw STEP3 Open the website page and choose “Play”. Select your favorite board and then click 3 for next step afterwards.

STEP1 Select your favorite photo and drag it to the square blank.

- 111 - - 112 - 3D Printing class Statue STEP4 Implements Congrats! Now you have finished your personal photo board! Click “Download” and print it out. Tetrahedron Vertice Connector http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ tw_zh_tw/membergallery/ model/201503108097535

Mona Lisa

http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ tw_zh_tw/membergallery/ model/201503108097676

- 113 - - 114 - 3D Printing class Statue Exercise 2. Where does Mona Lisa locate now? 1. Who is not one of the trinity of greatest master of Italian Renaissance? ( )a. Rome ( )b. Milan ( )a. Leonardo da Vinci ( )c. Paris ( )b. Michelangelo ( )d. Swiss ( )c. Donatello ( )d. Raphael

- 115 - - 116 - 3D Printing class Statue Additional If the ratio of a line (a+b) to the length of (a) is the same as the ratio of (a) to the (b), it is called “golden ratio”.

ratio of width :1.618

ratio of length :1

Moreover if we assume b=1, then it is substituted into the golden ratio formula; a + b : a = a : b; we will get that (a) approximately equals to 1.618. This happens only if (a + b) is 1.618 times (a), and (a) is 1.618 times (b). The ancient Greek widely applied golden ratio into architecture, art, and sculpture due to the reason that they thought it fitted the most pleasing type. In addition, if the length of a rectangle is 1.618 times to its width, it is called golden rectangle. There’s also implying to golden ratio with human’s height. For example, if the height is 1.618 times the height of lower half body, we can say the people has a relationship with golden ratio.

- 117 - - 118 - 3D Printing class Statue Preview of next chapter… Do you know how to write an address in correct formula? We are going to learn how to design a doorplate with 3D design software in the next chapter!

- 119 - - 120 - 3D Printing class Doorplate Chapter 8 Doorplate

- 121 - - 122 - 3D Printing class Doorplate

- 123 - - 124 - 3D Printing class Seesaw Chapter 9 Seesaw

Lever is a mechanic system that contains a beam and a fixed fulcrum. Seesaw, is a common entertainment facility in parks. People usually play on seesaw by applying the principle of leverage.

- 125 - - 126 - 3D Printing class Seesaw

The fixed fulcrum of seesaw located in the middle of its’ Second type of lever mechanic system. When two people are playing on seesaw, the heavier one need to sit closer to the fulcrum in order to maintain balance. One scientist from ancient Greek, Archimedes, once claimed that “Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the Earth with it” due to the principle of leverage, but according to science examination, the hypothesis of moving Earth cannot be archived.

There are three types of lever:

First type of lever This kind of lever occurs when the resistance force (load) is between the effort and fulcrum. It allows us to lift things with smaller force due to the effort arm is longer than resistance (load) arm. Examples of this lever include barrow, can piercers, and paper knives.

Third type of lever

This kind of lever occurs when the fulcrum is between the effort and resistance force (load). If the length of effort arm and resistance (load) arm are equal, the effort must be equal to the load to maintain balance. If effort arm is longer than resistance (load) arm, we can lift the load with smaller force. On the contrary, we have to use greater This kind of lever occurs when the effort is between the resistance force to lift up the load while effort arm is shorter than resistance force (load) and fulcrum. It allows us to lift things with greater speed. (load) arm. Examples of this lever include seesaw, scissors, and Examples of this lever include tweezers, brooms, and chopsticks. scales.

- 127 - - 128 - 3D Printing class Seesaw Implements Operating instruction After assembling the seesaw, you can move the load (rings) freely in order to observe the change of torque.

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- 129 - - 130 - 3D Printing class Seesaw Exercise Additional 1. The weight of Anthony and Stone are the same. While they are Torque is a twisting force that allows things to spin. playing on seesaw, A sited closer to the middle. Now take a guess, Formula: which side will rise?

( ) a. Anthony The length of effort arm (D) x effort force (F) = torque (L) ( ) b Stone ( ) c. balanced Unit of torque:

2. Which lever allows us to lift the load with smaller force? Distance (D) Force (F) Torque (L) MKS Meter (M) Kilogram weight (KGW) Kilogram meter ( ) a. Chopsticks ( ) b. Broom CGS Centimeter (CM) Gram weight (GW) Centimeter gram ( ) c. Tweezers ( ) d. Can piercers Positive torque rotates counterclockwise.

Negative torque rotates clockwise.

- 131 - - 132 - 3D Printing class Seesaw Preview of next chapter… There are more patterns for you to assemble!

- 133 - - 134 - 3D Printing class Solar System Chapter 10 Solar System

The Solar System consists of the Sun and the planetary system that orbits it. The largest of those objects that orbits the Sun are eight planets, the rest are smaller objects such as dwarf planets and millions small Solar System bodies include comets, asteroids, and

interstellar dust. - 135 - - 136 - 3D Printing class Solar System

According to the distance with the Sun, from close to distant, the sequences of eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The dwarf planet Pluto was considered to be the ninth planet of the Sun, but it had been removed from the list of planets during 2006. It was named and designated a dwarf planet in 2008.

- 137 - - 138 - 3D Printing class Solar System

Inner Solar System Earth

The inner Solar System comprised of terrestrial planets and Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and it asteroid belt. There are mainly four inner planets that composed of has the greatest size and density among four dense rock. terrestrial planets. The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite. Earth is the only planet among Mercury the universe where life is known to exist due to over 71% of its’ surface is covered by water, Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest which is the element that can hardly be found on planet in the Solar System. Its’ surface also experiences other planets. the greatest temperature variation among the Solar System ranging from 700K (427 ° C; 800 ° F) during the daytime to 100K (-173 ° C; -280 ° F) at night. The poles are constantly below Mars 180K (-93 ° C; -136 ° F). The surface of Mercury is full of crater that makes it similar in appearance to the Moon. Mars is the second smallest planet among the eight planets of the Solar System, that only larger than Mercury. Its’ reddish Venus appearance is because of the iron oxide on its’ surface. The atmosphere of Mars consists of 95% carbon Venus is the second planet from the Sun. Besides dioxide and a little oxygen and vapor, and the the Moon, it is the second¬ brightest natural object suspended dust makes it looked tan. Mars has in the night sky. It is close in size, and mass to Earth. two small natural satellites, Phobos (about 22km Venus has the densest atmosphere among four (14 miles) in diameters) and Deimos (about 12km terrestrial planets, consisting of more than 96% (7.5 miles) in diameters). Mars can easily be seen carbon dioxide. The atmospheric pressure on its’ from Earth with naked eye. surface is 92 times than on Earth’s. Venus is also the hottest planet among the Solar System with its’ surface temperature of 735K (462 ° C; 863 ° F).

- 139 - - 140 - 3D Printing class Solar System

Outer Solar System Saturn

The outer region of the Solar System contains giant planets and After Jupiter, Saturn is the second largest planet in the Solar large satellites. Many short-period comets and the Centaus also System. It is a gas giant with its’ own ring system that comprise orbit in this region. The solid objects in the outer Solar System mostly of ice particles and a smaller amount of rock and dust. 67 contain of volatiles, include as water, ammonia, and methane, which satellites are known to orbit Saturn. One of the largest among are quite different from the objects of the inner Solar System. Saturn’s satellites is the Titan, of which is the only satellite in the Solar System to have atmosphere. In addition, Jupiter Saturn is the furthest planet among the five planets that can be seen from Earth (Mercury, Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun, and it is also the largest Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn). planet in the Solar System. Jupiter is a gas giant (Uranus and Neptune are ice giants). After the Moon and Venus, it is the third brightest natural object in the night sky when viewed from Earth. Hydrogen is the main Uranus component of Jupiter. The prominent aspect of Jupiter is the Great Red Spot, a giant Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. The atmosphere storm that has known to be existed since and composition are different from gas giant, hence the scientists 17th century when it was first observed by classify Uranus as ice giant. It also owns the coldest atmosphere telescope. in the Solar System with temperature of 49K (-224 ° C; -371 ° F), of which comprise of hydrogen, helium, and ice (made of water, methane, and ammonia). Uranus orbits the Sun once every 84 years. The average distance from the Sun is about 3 billion km (1.86 billion miles or 20 AU (astronomical unit)), which is 20 times the distance compared to Earth. As a result, it is about 1/400 the intensity of sun light on Uranus.

- 141 - - 142 - 3D Printing class Solar System Implements Neptune

The farthest planet from the Sun in the Solar System is Neptune. The atmosphere comprise mainly of hydrogen, and helium. The methane of Neptune’s outer region is the partial reason for its’ blue appearance. Neptune is composed of rock and ice, which is similar to Uranus. Neptune also has the strongest wind among the planets in the Solar System, with record of wind speeds reach 2100 km/hr (highest wind speed record on Earth is 408 km/hr of tornadoes in 1996). Due to the distance from the Sun, the temperature of Neptune’s outer atmosphere also approaches 55K (-218 ° C; -360 ° F), which makes Neptune become one of the coldest places in the Solar System. http:// tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/tw_zh_tw/ membergallery/model/201505089362539

Operating instruction

1. Try to color each planets after print them out.

2. Because the objects are small, make sure to assemble each part of the Solar System carefully. You can try to use smooth file and super glue for extra touch.

- 143 - - 144 - 3D Printing class Solar System Exercise

1. Among the eight planets of the Solar System, which is the farthest?

( )a. Saturn ( )b. Jupiter ( )c. Neptune ( )d. Uranus

2. Among the eight planets of the Solar System, which is the smallest?

( )a. Mercury ( )b. Venus ( )c. Earth Additional ( )d. Mars

Revolution period Rotation period Equatorial Gravity Bulk Mass (year of Earth) (day of Earth) Satellite radius (km) Sun 696000 28.01 1304000 333400 226 million yrs 25.38 days ∞ Mercury 2440 0.38 0.056 0.055 87.97 days 59 days 0 Venus 6052 0.91 0.857 0.815 225 days 243 days 0 Earth 6378 1 1 1 365 days 24 hrs 1 Mars 3397 0.38 0.151 0.107 687 days 24 hrs 37 mins 2 Jupiter 71492 2.48 1321 317.832 11.86 yrs 9 hrs 50 mins 67 Saturn 60268 0.94 755 95.16 29.46 yrs 10 hrs 39 mins 61 Uranus 25559 0.89 63 14.54 84.01 yrs 17 hrs 14 mins 27

- 145 - - 146 - 3D Printing class Solar System

Preview of next chapter… The next chapter will teach you how to construct your own building through 3D modeling software!

- 147 - - 148 - 3D Printing class Clay Chapter 11 Clay

Edible clay is a special design for children that can be reuse. It is made of baking powder and food coloring. Edible clay is non-irritating and safely, also it is salt added to avoid eating by children.

- 149 - - 150 - 3D Printing class Clay Implements The clay has been used for constructions since ancient times. Use 123D Design to make the mold of clay. Nowadays, there are still over 1/3 people living in places that were built from clay. Tiles and bricks were also made from clay through http://www.123dapp.com/design kilning. Moreover, cement also contains clay minerals with water, and it became solidify as it dries. The feature of clayis impermeable,which has been applied to irrigation as an impermeable base layer.

1. Loading: Drag the default 3D construction model to the work area.

2. Adjusting: Re-arrange the location and size of the default 3D construction model

3.combination: Use the tools on the right to decorate the default 3D construction model

- 151 - - 152 - 3D Printing class Clay Operating instruction STEP2 Cube mold Use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align the large STEP1 cuboid and the small cuboid to the central as one by clicking the Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build two dot on the working plan. Choose “Combine/Subtract” from upper cuboids. Set the length of large cuboid as50mm, width as50mm, and toolbar. Click the large cuboid as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then height as5mm. Next, set the length of small cuboid as20mm, width click the small cuboid as the Source Solid/Mesh. as20mm, and height as10mm.

- 153 - - 154 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP3 STEP4 Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build a cube with Choose “Snap” button from upper toolbar. Move your point of length, width, and height of 40mm. Click on the cube, and then click view to the bottom, and click the underside of the large cuboid. the top face of the cube. Next, click the gear button, choose “Shell” Next, click the top face of the cube to make them connected. and set the “Direction” as outside, set 5mm as “Thickness”. Move the cube upper for 5mm afterwards.

- 155 - - 156 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP5 STEP6 Use “Combine/Merge” from upper toolbar to make both figures Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a 60mm as one afterwards. straight line in the central of the cube.

- 157 - - 158 - 3D Printing class Clay

STEP7 STEP8 Next, choose “Modify/Split Solid” from upper toolbar. Click “Body Finish making the cube mold. to Split” and then click the cube. Click “Splitting Entity” and then click the straight line afterwards.

- 159 - - 160 - 3D Printing class Clay Star mold STEP2 STEP1 Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw 5 diagonal Choose “Sketch/Polygon” from upper toolbar to draw a pentagon lines to create a pentagram pattern. with radius of 20mm by setting 5 to “Edge number”.

- 161 - - 162 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP3 STEP4 Press the Ctrl button (or command button for mac), and select all Click the star prism, and then click the top face of it. Next, move your areas of the pentagram pattern. Next, click the gear button and point of view to the bottom, and press the Ctrl button (or command choose “Extrude”. Set the height of 8mm. button for mac) while clicking the underside of the star prism. Click the gear button, and choose “Shell” to set the “Direction” as inside, “Thickness” as 2mm afterwards.

- 163 - - 164 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP5 Cone mold Finish making the star mold. STEP1 Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a 30mm straight line.

- 165 - - 166 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP2 STEP3 Use “Primitive/Cone” from upper toolbar and build a cone figure Click the cone figure and then move your point of view to the with radius of 20mm, and height of 40mm. bottom to click the bottom face of the cone. Click the gear button, choose “Shell” and set the “Direction” as inside with “Thickness” of 2mm.

- 167 - - 168 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP4 STEP5 Use “Primitive/Cylinder” from upper toolbar and build two Use “Transform/Align” to align the large cylinder and the small cylinders, one with radius of 18mm, and height of 2mm while the cylinder to the central. Next, use “Combine/Subtract” from upper other with radius of 5mm and height of 2mm. toolbar and click the large cylinder as the Target Solid/Mesh. Click the small cylinder as the Source Solid/Mesh afterwards.

- 169 - - 170 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP6 STEP7 Move the large cylinder to the central of the cone figure, and use Move the cone figure to the central of the straight line. Choose “Combine/Merge” from upper toolbar to make both figures as “Modify/Split Solid” from upper toolbar. Click “Body to Split” one. and then click the cone figure. Next, click “Splitting Entity” and then click the straight line afterwards.

- 171 - - 172 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP8 Cylinder mold Finish making the cone mold. STEP1 Use “Primitive/Cylinder” from upper toolbar and build a cylinder with radius of 20mm, and height of 40mm.

- 173 - - 174 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP2 STEP3 Click the cylinder, and then click the top face of it. Next, click the Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a 60mm gear button, and choose “Shell” to set the “Direction” as inside, straight line next to the cylinder “Thickness” as 5mm.

- 175 - - 176 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP4 STEP5 Choose “Modify/Split Solid” from upper toolbar. Next, click “Body Finish making the cylinder mold. to Split” and then click the cylinder. Click “Splitting Entity” and then click the straight line afterwards.

- 177 - - 178 - 3D Printing class Clay Bowl mold STEP2 STEP1 Next, choose “Primitive/Sphere” to build a sphere with radius of Use “Primitive/Cylinder” from upper toolbar and build a cylinder 20mm. with radius of 15mm, and height of 20mm.

- 179 - - 180 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP3 STEP4 Use “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a 60mm straight Choose “Modify/Split Solid”. Click “Body to Split” and then click line next to the sphere. the sphere. Next, click “Splitting Entity” and then click the straight line afterwards. Click one of the hemispheres and rotate it for 90 degrees.

- 181 - - 182 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP5 STEP6 Use “Transform/Align” to align the cylinder and the rotated Use “Combine/Merge” from upper toolbar and make the cylinder hemisphere to the central. and the rotated hemisphere as one..

- 183 - - 184 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP7 STEP8 Use “Primitive/Cylinder” from upper toolbar and build a small Choose “Combine/Subtract” and click bowl figure as the Target cylinder with radius of 5mm, and height of 10mm. Rotate it for 90 Solid/Mesh, and then click the small cylinder as the Source Solid/ degrees and move it upper for 15mm. Use “Transform/Align” to Mesh. align the small cylinder with the bowl figure to the central-front.

- 185 - - 186 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP9 STEP10 Choose “Primitive/Sphere” to build a small sphere with radius of Choose “Combine/Subtract” and click bowl figure as the Target 18mm. Use “Transform/Align” to align the small sphere with the Solid/Mesh, and then click the small cylinder as the Source Solid/ bowl figure to the central. Mesh. Move the hollowed bowl figure to the side of the straight line.

- 187 - - 188 - 3D Printing class Clay STEP11 STEP12 First, choose “Pattern/Mirror” from the upper toolbar. Next, Finish making the bowl mold. click “Solid/S” and then click the bowl figure. Last, click “Mirror Plane” and then click the straight line.

- 189 - - 190 - 3D Printing class Clay Download drawing You can also adjust the size of molds to create more interesting figures! Prepare some clay, (for example, Play-Doh) and use the molds to create the parts of the castle.

Start to build your own construction!

http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/membergallery /model/201507289878756

- 191 - - 192 - 3D Printing class Clay Exercise Additional 1.What is the extension filename of the file from 123D Design? Paper clay Paper clay is a kind of clay to which fiber (mix of paper pulp and ( )a. PDF. resin) is commonly added which costs less. It can be shaped easily ( )b. STL. while it is wet, and cannot be distorted the form when it is dried. It ( )c. JPG. ( )d. PNG. is common in using paper clay for art pieces. It can be colored with poster paint or watercolor after drying.

Pottery clay Pottery clay is the material of which we used to make potteries, and it is composed of different amounts and types of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and kaolinite. The pottery clay is highly hydrophilic, but it permanently increased its’ strength and set its’ shape through heating or kilning.

- 193 - - 194 - 3D Printing class Clay Preview of next chapter… Do you know what is platonic solid? Or how many platonic solid are there? Let’s know more about them and try to assemble them in the next chapter.

- 195 - - 196 - 3D Printing class Geometric Chapter 12 Geometric

Polyhedrons (Platonic solid) are composed of same regular polygonal faces. The numbers of its’ faces are the same as number of vertex.

- 197 - - 198 - 3D Printing class Geometric

Polyhedrons (Platonic solid) are composed of same regular polygonal faces. The numbers of its’ faces are the same as number of vertex.

There are five kinds of polyhedrons, tetrahedron, hexahedron (cube), octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron.People usually use dice, which is usually a hexahedron for games. Since the faces of polyhedron are the same, which means all faces of the dice have equal probability.

Polyhedron usually occurs naturally in crystal structures of tetrahedron, hexahedron or octahedron. For example, olivine crystal grows in tetrahedral shapes, salt crystal grows in hexahedral shapes, and corundum crystal grows in octahedral shapes.

- 199 - - 200 - 3D Printing class Geometric

Introduction of polyhedron:

Polyhedron Solid shape Flat shape Faces Edges Vertices

Tetrahedron 4 6 4

Hexahedron 6 12 8

Octahedron 8 12 6

Dodecahedron 12 30 20

Icosahedron 20 30 12

- 201 - - 202 - 3D Printing class Geometric Implements

Tetrahedron Vertice Connector Cube Vertice Connector http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ membergallery/model/201507289877367 membergallery/model/201507289877623

Octahedron Vertice Connector Dodecahedron Vertice Connector http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ membergallery/model/201507289877701 membergallery/model/201507289877807

Need

Icosahedron Vertice Connector Toothpick*90 http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ membergallery/model/201507289877913 Operating instruction

Use toothpicks as the edges of polyhedron while assembling the polyhedral model.

- 203 - - 204 - 3D Printing class Geometric

Exercise

1. Which polyhedron is it of common dice? 2. Which regular polygon below cannot compose the polyhedron?

( )a. Tetrahedron ( )a. Triangle (trigon) ( )b. Hexahedron ( )b. Quadrilateral (tetragon) ( )c. Octahedron ( )c. Pentagon ( )d. Dodecahedron ( )d. Hexagon

- 205 - - 206 - 3D Printing class Geometric Additional There is an interesting relationship between the numbers of vertices (V), edges (E), and faces (F) of any 3D geometric figure. According to the table above, we get the following relationship which known as Euler’s formula. V + F – E =2

- 207 - - 208 - 3D Printing class Name Preview of next chapter… People often use gears as a machine element. We are going to learn more about gears and try to assemble them in the next chapter.

- 209 - - 210 - 3D Printing class Gear Chapter 13 Gear

In our daily life, the use of machine makes our life become easier. Bicycle, is one of the great application of gears, which we often regard as the element of machine. Through speed changes device, people can select the transmission between gears and range of gears to suit different circumstances. - 211 - - 212 - 3D Printing class Gear Implements The different combination or size between gears cause different torque. For example, when a large gear turned a small gear to rotate, the small gear will turn fast but it costs greater force; on the contrary, when a small gear turned a large gear to rotate, the large gear will turn slower, but it costs less force.

Formula of gears http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/membergallery/model/ 1. (While the two gears are meshed) 201507289879303 The number of teeth of large gear x The number of large gear spins around once = The number of teeth of small gear x The number of small gear Operating instruction spins around once Arrange different combination of gears or baseplate freely and observe the changes with those combinations. 2. (While the two gears are meshed) A large gear turned a small gear to rotate: small gear turns faster

3. (While the two gears are meshed) A small gear turned a small gear to rotate: large gear turns slower

- 213 - - 214 - 3D Printing class Gear Exercise Additional 1. The number of teeth of large gear is 24, and small gear is 8. While There are various types of gears, define by their axis. the two gears meshed together, the small gear had spun 15 round. 1. Gears pair with parallel axes What is the number of large gear spins around once? a. External gear b. Internal gear c. Twisted spur gear (Helical gear)

( ) a. 5 ( ) b 10 ( ) c. 15 ( ) d. 30

2. In our daily life, which supply applies with gears?

( ) a. Watch 2. Gears pair with intersecting axes ( ) b. Parking tower a. Straight bevel gear b. Spiral bevel gear ( ) c. Fan blade ( ) d. Car transmission

3. Gears pair with alternating axes a. Worm and worm wheel

4.Specials a. Crown gear

- 215 - - 216 - 3D Printing class Gear Preview of next chapter… We are going to learn how to design a sport car in the next chapter through 3D sketch software.

- 217 - - 218 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Chapter 14 Racing Cars

The Patent Motor Car, which regarded as the first automobile of the world, was designed by Karl Benz and applied for a patent in 1886.

"Patent - Motorwagen Nr.1 Benz 2" by DaimlerChrysler AG - Mediaseite der DaimlerChrysler AGfirst upload to de.wp: 15:48, 18.Dez. 2005 by de:User:Cete. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patent- Motorwagen_Nr.1_Benz_2.jpg#/media/ - 219 - - 220 - File:Patent-Motorwagen_Nr.1_Benz_2.jpg 3D Printing class Racing Cars

Vehicles can be classified in various ways, such as vehicle’s Recreation Vehicle (RV) (or Travel trailer) construction, size, weight, fuel type and emissions, as well as the purpose for which it is used. The origins of recreation vehicle can be traced back to travelling Gypsies who spent most of their lives in horse-drawn caravans. Long Sedan time ago, people used caravan to carry daily goods and traveled in America’s Wild West. Nowadays, as the time goes by, a RV usually Sedan is a passenger car that usually shaped of four-door. There includes daily facilities such as kitchen, bathroom, bedroom etc. It is are many types of sedans such as hatchback sedan, club sedan, primary intended for vacations, camping, or outdoor activities. convertible sedan, or chauffeured sedan etc. Bus (or Coach) Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) Bus is a kind of large road vehicles designed to carry multiple Sport utility vehicle is a vehicle similar to four-wheel drive for their passengers. These transit vehicles often provide efficient movement, on-road and off-road ability, but also owns passenger-carrying space such as school buses, tourism carter, or transit buses. as large sedans. SUV were descendants from Jeep and Hummer. As a result, SUV is usually been applied for outdoor activities.

Truck (and Lorry)

People often use trucks to transport heavy items. Sometimes people get confused with lorry and truck, while a truck is generally smaller than a lorry. Both truck and lorry are largely powered by diesel engines.

- 221 - - 222 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Implements Operating instruction Use 123D Design to make the mold of clay. Step1 (Making the wheel) http://www.123dapp.com/design Choose “Primitive/Cylinder” button from upper toolbar and build 3 cylinders. (1) Large: set radius of 15mm, height of 15mm (2) Middle: set radius of 10mm, height of 12mm (3) Small: set radius of 4mm, height of 30mm

1. Loading: Drag the default 3D construction model to the work area.

2. Adjusting: Re-arrange the location and size of the default 3D construction model

3.combination: Use the tools on the right to decorate the default 3D construction model

- 223 - - 224 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step2 (Making the wheel) Step3 (Making the wheel) Choose “Snap” button from upper toolbar. Move your point Choose “Combine/Subtract” button from upper toolbar. Click the of view to the bottom, and click the underside of the middle large cylinder as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then click the middle cylinder. Next, click the top face of the large cylinder to make them cylinder as the Source Solid/Mesh. connected. Choose “Grouping while Snapping ON/OFF” from the toolbar on the right, and then move the middle cylinder lower for 3mm afterwards.

- 225 - - 226 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step4 (Making the wheel) Step5 (Making the vehicle body) Choose “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align both Choose “Sketch/Sketch Polygon” from upper toolbar. Setting 6 as cylinders as one by clicking the dot on the working plan. Next, the number of angles, and try to draw a regular hexagon of radius of choose “Combine/Subtract” button from upper toolbar. Click the 50mm. Next, click the hexagon, and then click the small gear button. large cylinder as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then click the small Choose “Extrude” and set the height as 20mm afterwards. cylinder as the Source Solid/Mesh.

- 227 - - 228 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step6 (Making the vehicle body) Step7 (Making the vehicle body) Click on both the parallel edges of the hexagonal prism, and then Choose “Primitive/Box” button from upper toolbar and build click the small gear button to choose “Fillet”. Set the radius of a cuboid. Set the length of 50mm, width of 30mm, and height of 20mm. 20mm.

- 229 - - 230 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step8 (Making the vehicle body) Step10 (Making the steering wheel) Choose “Snap” button from upper toolbar. Move your point of Choose “Primitive/Torus” button from upper toolbar and build a view to the bottom, and click the underside of the cuboid. Next, torus with the major radius of 10mm, and minor radius of 2.5mm. click the top face of the hexagonal prism to make them connected. Next, choose “Primitive/Cylinder” button from upper toolbar and Choose “Grouping while Snapping ON/OFF” from the toolbar on build a cylinder of radius of 10mm and the height of 20mm. Choose the right, and then move the cuboid lower for 10mm. “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align the cylinder and torus as one by clicking the dot on the working plan, and then move the cylinder upper for 1mm.

Step9 (Making the vehicle body) Choose “Combine/Subtract” button from upper toolbar. Click the hexagonal prism as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then click the cuboid as the Source Solid/Mesh.

- 231 - - 232 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step11 (Making the steering wheel) Choose “Grouping/Group” button from upper toolbar. Click the torus, and then click the cylinder for grouping both as one (group (a)).

Step12 (Making the steering wheel) Choose “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align group (a) from Step11 with hexagonal prism as one by clicking the dot on the working plan. Move the group (a) forward for 25mm, upper for 7mm, and rotate it for -110 degree for making it as a steering wheel.

- 233 - - 234 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step13 (Making the seat) Step14 (Making the seat) Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a 30mm Click the half-circle and then click the gear button, choose“Extrude” straight line. Use “Sketch/Three Point Arc” to draw a half-circle. and set the height of 5mm. Choose “Snap” button from upper toolbar and click the underside of the half cylinder. Next, click the top face of the hexagonal prism to make them connected. Choose “Grouping while Snapping ON/OFF” from the toolbar on the right, and then move the half cylinder to the relative position of the steering wheel as the seat.

Step15 (Making the front of the vehicle) Choose“Primitive/Circle”from upper toolbar and draw a circle of radius of 15mm. Next, choose “Primitive/Circle”from upper toolbar and draw a regular rectangle of length of 20mm and move it upper for 80mm. After that, choose “Construct/Loft”, and then click the rectangle and circle to make the shape of the vehicle.

- 235 - - 236 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step17 (Making the front of the vehicle) Choose “Combine/Subtract” button from upper toolbar. Click the prism figure as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then click the large triangular prism as the Source Solid/Mesh. Next, move the carved prism figure to the front of the steering wheel. Use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align the hexagonal prism and carved prism figure.

Step16 (Making the front of the vehicle)

Rotate the prism figure from Step15 for 90 degree. Choose “Sketch/ Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a large triangle (larger than the projection area of prism figure). Click the large triangle and then click the gear button, choose “Extrude” and set the height of 20mm. Use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align the large triangular prism and the prism figure. Rotate the large triangular prism for 15-45 degree (enough to make the shape of the Step18 (Making the front of the vehicle) front of the vehicle). Choose “Primitive/Box” button from upper toolbar and build a cuboid (A) and set the length of 20mm, width of 80mm, and height of 10mm. Choose “Primitive/Box” button from upper toolbar and build a cuboid (B) and set the length of 30mm, width of 70mm, and height of 20mm. Next, use “Snap” button from upper toolbar to connect cuboid (A) and cuboid (B). Choose “Grouping while Snapping ON/OFF” from the toolbar on the right afterwards.

Hint: We are going to subtract the shape of prism figure in Step17, so we must make sure that the triangle is larger than the projection area of prism figure.

- 237 - - 238 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step19 (Making the front of the vehicle) Click the large rectangle face of the top of the cuboid (A). Set it lower for 7mm and rotate it for 10 degrees. Next, choose“Combine/ Subtract” from upper toolbar. Click the cuboid (A) and then click cuboid (B) afterwards. Click the small rectangle face of the side cuboid of cuboid (A). Click the gear button and choose “Tweak” to rotate the rectangle for 20 degrees. Use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align the vehicle body from Step5 and cuboid (A).

Step20 (Making the tailstock) Use “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw two parallel lines that length of 25mm with a 35mm bottom line. Choose “Sketch/Three Pont Arc” to draw a demi-circle on the top of two parallel lines to make those lines as a toast-like flat. Use “Sketch/ Polyline” to create a right triangle (A), which side (a) as 10mm and side (b) as 15mm. Next, use “Sketch/Polyline” to create a right triangle (B), which side (a’) as 50mm and side (b’) as 20mm.

- 239 - - 240 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step21 (Making the tailstock) Step23 (Making the tailstock)) Click the toast-like flat and then click the gear button, choose Use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align the right “Extrude” and set the height of 35mm. Click the right triangle triangular prism (B) to the central of toast-like figure. Next, click the (A) and then click the gear button, choose “Extrude” and set the toast-like figure as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then click the right height of 40mm. Click the right triangle (B) and then click the gear triangular prism (A) as the Source Solid/Mesh. button, choose “Extrude” and set the height of 40mm. Move the carved toast-like figure to the back of the vehicle body from Step19. Use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align the carved toast-like figure with the vehicle body to complete the tailstock of vehicle.

Step22 (Making the tailstock) Rotate the toast-like figure for 90 degrees. Use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align the right triangular prism (A) to the right side of toast-like figure. Choose “Combine/Subtract”. Click the toast-like figure as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then click the right triangular prism (A) as the Source Solid/Mesh.

- 241 - - 242 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Step24 (Making the tailstock) Step25 (Making the wheel axles) Choose “Primitive/Box” button from upper toolbar and build a Use “Sketch/Sketch Polygon” from upper toolbar to draw two small cuboid and set the length of 10mm, width of 3mm, and height regular hexagons (A) and (B) with radius of 4mm. Click the regular of 20mm. Next, use copy and paste to make a copy of the small hexagon (A) and then click the gear button, choose “Extrude” and cuboid and place them side by side on the tailstock. Make a copy of set the height of 46mm. Click the regular hexagon (B) and then click the carved cuboid from Step19 and use “Snap” to place it on the the gear button, choose “Extrude” and set the height of 63mm. top of two small cuboids afterwards. Rotate both hexagonal prism (A) and (B) for 90 degrees. Set the height both for 11mm. Use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align two regular hexagons (A) and (B) with the vehicle body. Make 4 copies of the wheels from Step4. Placed 4 wheels separately for printing.

- 243 - - 244 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars download drawing

http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/membergallery/model/ 201507289878185

- 245 - - 246 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars

Nascar Superbird Silvia MK1 car http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting. http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ com/tw_zh_tw/membergallery/ tw_zh_tw/membergallery/model/ model/201410224417369 201411104478849

Van UFO Car http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting. http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ com/tw_zh_tw/membergallery/ tw_zh_tw/membergallery/model/ model/201410224417150 201410224417841

pickup Police Car http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting. http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/ com/tw_zh_tw/membergallery/ tw_zh_tw/membergallery/model/ model/201410224417042 201410224417507

- 247 - - 248 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars Exercise Additional Koenigsegg One: 1 1. Take a guess. What is the type of drivetrain for supercar, Porche The name of supercar Koenigsegg One:1 comes from its’ power 911? (1360 PS) to weight (1360kg) ratio which provides 1 PS per 1 kg weight. Its’ speed can reach 400km/hr from zero within 20 second, ( )a. FF (Front Engine Front Drive) with highest speed of 440 km/hr. Koenigsegg One:1 is the fastest ( )b. FR (Front Engine Rear Drive) limited production supercar so far. ( )c. RR (Rear Engine Rear Drive) ( )d. RR (Rear Engine Rear Drive)

2. The longest car has been invented in the USA, which has 26 wheels and a swimming pool. Take a guess. What is the length of this vehicle?

( )a. 10 meters ( )b. 30 meters ( )c. 50 meters ( )d. 70 meters

- 249 - - 250 - 3D Printing class Racing Cars

Preview of next chapter… Do you know how to prove Pythagorean theorem? We are going to learn more about it in the next chapter.

- 251 - - 252 - 3D Printing class Pythagorean Theorem Chapter 15 Pythagorean theorem

Pythagorean theorem is a basically theory of mathematic, which discovered by an ancient Greek mathematician named Pythagoras.

- 253 - - 254 - 3D Printing class Pythagorean Theorem

There are three phases in the history of Pythagorean theorem; Example: If the lengths of the sides of a triangle are 9cm, 12cm, and discover of the rela-tionship between the sides of right triangle, 15cm. Is it a right triangle? discover of Pythagorean triple, and the proofs of Pythagorean theorem. 92+122 = 81+144=225=152

Relationship between the sides of right triangle From the theory above, we know it is a right triangle.

The relationship between the sides of right triangle shows if the length of the short sides (a and b) are squared, and their sum will be equal to the square of the hypote-nuse (c). Moreover, if the lengths of the short sides of a triangle are squared, and their sum equals to Once we have known the length of the hypotenuse (c) and any of the square of the hypotenuse, the triangle must be a right trian-gle. a side (a or b), we can get the length of the other side through the formula that shown below.

a = c2- b2 or b = c2- a2

Example: The length of a side and the hypotenuse of a right triangle are 12cm and 15cm. What is the length of the other side?

152-122 = 225-144 = 81 = 9

The length of the other side is 9cm

- 255 - - 256 - 3D Printing class Pythagorean Theorem Implements Pythagorean triple Operating demonstration

A Pythagorean triple consists of three positive integers a, b, and c that match the formula of a2 + b2 = c2. For example, (3,4,5) is one of a common Pythagorean triples. There are more common Pythagorean triple such as (5,12,13)、(7,24,25)、(8,15,17)、(9,40,41) 、 (11,60,61).

Proofs of Pythagorean theorem

There are many ways to proof Pythagorean theorem, such as Algebraic proofs, Eu-clid’s proof, and Pythagorean proof.

http://tw.gallery.xyzprinting.com/membergallery/model/ 201508060039474

- 257 - - 258 - 3D Printing class Pythagorean Theorem Exercise Additional The converse of Pythagorean theorem 1. Among these sets of the length of sides, which one cannot The converse of Pythagorean theorem provides a method of compose a right trian-gle? determining whether a triangle is right, obtuse, or acute. When a side (c) is the longest side. The following statements apply: ( )a. (3,4,5)

( )b. (6,10,15) 2 2 2 If a + b = c , then the triangle is right. ( )c. (8,15,17) 2 2 2 If a + b > c , then the triangle is acute. ( )d. (9,12,15) 2 2 2 If a + b < c , then the triangle is obtuse.

Example: If the lengths of the sides of a triangle are 10cm, 10cm, and 16cm. What kind of triangle is it?

10 x 10 = 100 16 x 16 = 256 100 + 100 = 200 < 256

As a result, the triangle is obtuse

10cm 10cm

16cm

- 259 - - 260 - 3D Printing class Pythagorean Theorem Preview of next chapter… We are going to learn how to make robot accessories in the next chapter!

- 261 - - 262 - 3D Printing class Pythagorean Theorem Chapter 16 Robots

A robot is a mechanical machine that can be able to mimic human or animal behavior. It is guided by program or electronic circuitry. Nowadays, due to the progress of our technology, robots can be autonomous complete their tasks on their own.

- 263 - - 264 - 3D Printing class Robot Industrial Robot Recently, people assign robots to do jobs that are too hazardous, Industrial robots can mimic human’s behavior through tough, trivial, or meticulous to human, such as construction, mining, programming or giving commands. All kinds of automated space travel, underwater detecting, search and rescue work, or machine can be defined as a robot. Mostly, vehicle and electronic military experiment etc. manufactory both largely use industrial robots for sealing or coating, in order to take place of human for doing meticulous works.

- 265 - - 266 - 3D Printing class Robot Military Robot Mobile Robot The U.S. and Israeli military has been invested heavily in research Mobile robots provide a relatively safe way for exploring areas and development of military robots. Military robots have been that human cannot approach, such as outer space or deep marine widely used for investigation or minesweeping during the conflict of environment. People often use robots to collect information from Israel and Palestine. These kinds of robots are more nimble and can those areas. The most common mobile robot is rover (ROV) that may be able to pass through complex terrain and accomplish missions. be classified by the environment in which they travel. Some military robots even armed with weapons or machine guns for support during battles.

- 267 - - 268 - 3D Printing class Robot Service Robot (or consumer robot) Toy Robot (or entertainment robot) Service robots are made to assist human’s needs such as doing Robots can also be an entertain toy. Nowadays, there are many chores or housekeeping. human-like robots that allow their users to rewrite their programs. Some toy robots even formed as pets such as robotic dogs. It is capable of doing tricks or having interaction with humans.

- 269 - - 270 - 3D Printing class Robot Implements Operating instruction Use 123D Design to make the robot. STEP1 Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build a cuboid (a). http://www.123dapp.com/design Set the length of 15mm, width of 30mm, and height of 15mm. Then build cuboid (b) with length of 8mm, width of 32mm, and height of 17.5mm.

1. Loading: Drag the default 3D construction model to the work area.

2. Adjusting: Re-arrange the location and size of the default 3D construction model

3.combination: Use the tools on the right to decorate the default 3D construction model

- 271 - - 272 - 3D Printing class Robot STEP2 STEP3 Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build a cuboid (c) Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build a cuboid (g) with the length of 2mm, width of 30mm, and height of 10mm. Then with the length of 22mm, width of 30mm, and height of 2mm. build cuboid (d) with length of 25mm, width of 36mm, and height of Choose “Snap” from upper toolbar. Move your point of view to the 15mm. bottom, and click the underside of the cuboid (g). Click the top face Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build two cuboids of the cuboid (d) to make them connected, and then move cuboid (g) (e, f) with the length of 10mm, width of 3mm, and height of 16mm lower for 1mm. at both sides of cuboid (a). Choose “Combine/Subtract” from upper toolbar. Click the cuboid (d) as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then click the cuboid (g) as the Source Solid/Mesh. Try to use “Snap” from upper toolbar to connect each part as one (cuboid a, b, c, d, e, f). Hint: Can use “Grouping/Group” from upper toolbar to group all as one in case you have to move them.

- 273 - - 274 - 3D Printing class Robot STEP4 STEP5 Choose “Primitive/Circle” from upper toolbar and draw a circle Choose “Primitive/Cylinder” from upper toolbar and build a with the radius of 10mm. Choose “Sketch/Polyline” to draw a cylinder of radius of 4mm and the height of 2mm. Use copy and 20mm straight lineto divide the circle into two half-circle. Click one paste to make a copy of the cylinder, and then try to use “Snap” of the half-circle, and then click the small gear button to choose function to connect two cylinders with cuboid (a). “Extrude”. Set the height as 2mm and use “Snap” to connect it with the cuboid (d).

- 275 - - 276 - 3D Printing class Robot STEP6 STEP7 Choose “Primitive/Cylinder” from upper toolbar and build 6 Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build a cuboid. cylinders. Set the length of 15mm, width of 15mm, and height of 5mm. Use (1) Cylinder (A): “Transform/Align” to align the cylinder (C) and the cuboidto the set external cylinder (a) with radius of 6mm, height of 9mm. upper-right as one by clicking the dot on the working plan. set internal cylinder (b) with radius of 5mm, height of 10mm. Choose “Combine/Subtract” from upper toolbar. Click the external (2) Cylinder (B): cylinder (e) as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then click the internal set external cylinder (c) with radius of 5mm, height of 8mm. cylinder (f) as the Source Solid/Mesh. set internal cylinder (d) with radius of 4mm, height of 9mm. Choose “Combine/Intersect” from upper toolbar. Click the cuboid (3) Cylinder (C): as the Target Solid/Mesh, and then click the cylinder (C) as the set external cylinder (e) with radius of 15mm, height of 5mm. Source Solid/Mesh and get the arc figure. set internal cylinder (f) with radius of 10mm, height of 5mm. Hint: Can use “Transform/Align” from upper toolbar to align the external cylinder and internal cylinder as one by clicking the dot on the working plan.

- 277 - - 278 - 3D Printing class Robot STEP8 Choose “Primitive/Prism” from upper toolbar and build a hexagonal prism with radius of 10mm, height of 7mm, sides of 6. Hint: When you set the height of the prism lower than 10mm, sometimes the prism may not display successfully. Can try to set the height of the prism with 10mm. Click the top face of the prism and then click the gear button, choose “Press/Pull” and set the height of “-3mm” in order to set the height less than 10mm. Choose “Primitive/Box” from upper toolbar and build a cuboid. Set the length of 12mm, width of 8mm, and height of 7mm. Use “Transform/Align” to align the hexagonal prism and the cuboidto the central-bottom as one by clicking the dot on the working plan. Choose “Combine/Subtract” and click the hexagonal prism as the Target Solid/Mesh. Click the cuboid as the Source Solid/Mesh afterwards.Next, connect each part of the robot arm (cylinder (A), cylinder (B), arc figure, hexagonal prism) together.

- 279 - - 280 - 3D Printing class Robot STEP9 STEP10 Choose “Primitive/Cylinder” from upper toolbar and build a Choose “Primitive/Circle” todraw a concentric circle with the cylinder of radius of 5mm and the height of 10mm. radius of 20mm and 10mm. Use “Sketch/Polyline” to draw a 20mm straight lineto divide the concentric circle into half. Click the upper concentric circle and then click the gear button, choose “Extrude” and set the height of 5mm. Move it to combine with the cylinder from Step 9.

- 281 - - 282 - 3D Printing class Robot STEP11 Choose “Primitive/Wedge from upper toolbar and build a triangular prism of radius of 10mm and the height of 10mm.Choose“Primitive/ Box” to build a cuboid with the length of 15mm, width of 10mm, and height of 10mm. Use “Transform/Align to align the triangular prism and the cuboidto the right as one by clicking the dot on the working plan. Choose “Combine/Subtract” and click the triangular prism as the Target Solid/Mesh. Click the cuboid as the Source Solid/ Mesh afterwards. Next, rotate the rest part of the triangular prism for 90 degrees and combine it to the part from Step 10 and the body of the robot.

- 283 - - 284 - 3D Printing class Robot

- 285 - - 286 - 3D Printing class Robot STEP12 Choose “Sketch/Polyline” from upper toolbar to draw a 10mm straight line. Choose “Pattern/Mirror”. First, click “Solid/s” of the small toolbar and then click the triangular prism from Step 9. Next, click “Mirror Plane” of the small toolbar and then click the straight line in order to get a reflect copy of the triangular prism. Delete the straight line afterwards.

- 287 - - 288 - 3D Printing class Robot STEP13 STEP14 Choose “Primitive/Wedge” from upper toolbar and build a Use copy and paste to make a copy of the robot arm from Step 8. triangular prism of radius of 5mm and the height of 5mm. Rotate it for 180 degrees. Combine both arms to the both sides Hint: When you set the height of the prism lower than 10mm, of the body of the robot. Now you have accomplished a robot sometimes the prism may not display successfully. Can try to set the decoration! height of the prism with 10mm. Click the top face of the prism and Hint: You can thread a rope through the ring of the robot to make it then click the gear button, choose “Press/Pull” and set the height as a hanging decoration. of “-5mm” in order to set the height less than 10mm. Choose “Primitive/Torus” button from upper toolbar and build a torus with the major radius of 6mm, and minor radius of 2mm. Combine it to the triangular prism, and then use “Snap” to combine both to cuboid (a) from Step 3.

- 289 - - 290 - 3D Printing class Robot Exercise Additional 1. Take a guess. Which place might a mobile robot applied to? Some humanoid robots have been developed for the purpose of “being more human”. Nowadays, there are also more and more ( ) a. Coffee shop discussion of how will these humanoid robots affect our daily life in ( ) b. Mars ( ) c. Movie theater the future. Moreover, some issues even have been applied to famous ( ) d. Clinic movie themes. Robotic is no longer just a topic for scientific and technological area, but also a global-concern issue ever since. 2. Which option below may not be the application of robots?

( ) a. Military ( ) b. Industry ( ) c. Entertainment ( ) d. Cultural and Creative industry

- 291 - - 292 - 未命名

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