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Polymixia japonica 100 Polymixia lowei Anoplogaster cornuta Beryx splendens Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus 92 Kurtus gulliveri 95 Pholidichthys leucotaenia 86 Pomatomus saltatrix 100 Ruvettus pretiosus 100 89 Scomber scombrus 90 Thunnus orientalis Diplectrum formosum 96 Epinephelus akaara Notothenia coriiceps 100 96 Etheostoma radiosum 100 Perca flavescens 95 100 Sebastes elongatus 100 Anoplopoma fimbria 100 Aulorhynchus flavidus 100 Gasterosteus aculeatus Eugerres plumieri Cheilio inermis 98 Novaculichthys taeniourus 100 Xyrichtys novacula 100 Doratonotus megalepis 100 94 Thalassoma lunare 100 Coris gaimard 100 84 Halichoeres chrysus 100 Hemigymnus fasciatus 100 100 90 Labroides dimidiatus Haletta semifasciata 71 Cirrhilabrus punctatus 100 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 71 Tautoga onitis 100 Tautogolabrus adspersus Scarus ghobban 94 100 100 Sparisoma viride 100 Epibulus insidiator 100 Oxycheilinus bimaculatus Terapon jarbua 100 Dichistius multifasciatus 100 Microcanthus strigatus 98 Cheilodactylus variegatus 100 Siniperca chuatsi 60 Elassoma evergladei 60 Lepomis macrochirus 86 100 Micropterus dolomieu Lateolabrax japonicus Platax orbicularis 91 Dicentrarchus labrax 81 100 Morone chrysops 86 100 Morone saxatilis Haemulon plumierii 99 Larimichthys crocea 100 Miichthys miiuy Holacanthus ciliaris 97 Scatophagus argus 89 Lutjanus campechanus 97 99 Monodactylus argenteus 100 Luvarus imperialis 100 Zanclus cornutus 100 Zebrasoma flavescens Antigonia capros 94 Capros aper Himantolophus albinares 94 98 Lophius americanus 93 Canthidermis maculata 100 Mola mola 100 Takifugu rubripes Caranx hippos 100 Coryphaena hippurus 100 Xiphias gladius 94 Lates calcarifer 98 Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae Ctenopoma acutirostre 100 Trichopodus trichopterus Ambassis interrupta 89 Monocirrhus polyacanthus 88 87 Crenimugil crenilabis 100 Mugil cephalus 100 Mugil curema Bedotia geayi 100 Melanotaenia parkinsoni Cololabis saira 99 99 Menidia menidia 88 99 Oryzias latipes 91 Kryptolebias marmoratus 100 Nothobranchius furzeri Cyprinodon variegatus 100 100 Fundulus heteroclitus 89 100 Poecilia reticulata 100 Xiphophorus maculatus Etroplus maculatus 100 Paretroplus maculatus Paratilapia polleni 100 Ptychochromis grandidieri 100 100 100 Ptychochromoides katria Crenicichla lepidota 100 100 Astronotus ocellatus Andinoacara rivulatus OVALENTARIA 99 100 Amphilophus citrinellus 100 100 Hypselecara temporalis Tylochromis pulcher 100 Oreochromis niloticus 100 Neolamprologus brichardi 100 Haplochromis burtoni 100 Tropheus duboisi Halidesmus scapularis 77 Plesiops coeruleolineatus 82 Pseudoplesiops revellei 96 Labracinus cyclophthalmus 86 100 Pseudochromis jamesi Gramma loreto 57 Lonchopisthus micrognathus 96 100 Opistognathus aurifrons 100 Opistognathus maxillosus 100 Acyrtops beryllinus Meiacanthus grammistes 100 100 Salarias fasciatus 99 Neoclinus blanchardi 100 Chaenopsis alepidota 100 Malacoctenus triangulatus Amphistichus rhodoterus Cymatogaster aggregata 100 100 Micrometrus minimus 99 Embiotoca jacksoni 92 Zalembius rosaceus 92 Brachyistius frenatus 100 Phanerodon furcatus Mecaenichthys immaculatus Parma victoriae 100 Parma oligolepis 97 100 Parma alboscapularis 100 Parma microlepis Microspathodon bairdii Microspathodon chrysurus 100 100 91 Microspathodon dorsalis 100 Nexilosus latifrons 99 Hypsypops rubicundus 100 Similiparma lurida 100 Similiparma hermani 100 Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis 99 97 Plectroglyphidodon dickii 97 Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis 100 Plectroglyphidodon sagmarius 100 100 Plectroglyphidodon randalli 100 Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus 100 Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus 97 Plectroglyphidodon apicalis 100 Plectroglyphidodon obreptus Plectroglyphidodon fasciolatus 100 100 100 Plectroglyphidodon luteobrunneus 100 Plectroglyphidodon insularis 100 Plectroglyphidodon altus 97 100 Plectroglyphidodon aureus 97 Plectroglyphidodon marginatus 99 Plectroglyphidodon emeryi MICROSPATHODONTINAE 100 Plectroglyphidodon gascoynei Lepidozygus tapeinosoma 100 Lepidozygus tapeinosoma Stegastes pelicieri 100 Stegastes lacrymatus 100 Stegastes punctatus 100 Stegastes nigricans 90 100 Stegastes limbatus 100 Stegastes albifasciatus Stegastes beebei 97 Stegastes baldwini 81 99 Stegastes flavilatus Stegastes diencaeus 98 100 Stegastes adustus 98 Stegastes leucostictus 100 99 Stegastes variabilis 100 Stegastes xanthurus Stegastes otophorus Stegastes pictus 100 Stegastes partitus 93 Stegastes arcifrons Stegastes planifrons 99 Stegastes rectifraenum 99 100 Stegastes acapulcoensis 99 Stegastes rocasensis 96 Stegastes fuscus 100 100 Stegastes imbricatus Abudefduf declivifrons 100 Abudefduf taurus Abudefduf (Euschistodus) 100 Abudefduf concolor Abudefduf sordidus 100 POMACENTRIDAE 100 Abudefduf septemfasciatus Abudefduf (Abudefduf) 76 Abudefduf notatus 100 Abudefduf caudobimaculatus 100 Abudefduf sparoides 100 Abudefduf margariteus Abudefduf nigrimargo 95 100 Abudefduf bengalensis 66 Abudefduf whitleyi GLYPHISODONTINAE Abudefduf natalensis 64 Abudefduf conformis Abudefduf (Glyphisodon) 100 100 Abudefduf sexfasciatus 100 Abudefduf vaigiensis 100 Abudefduf lorenzi 100 Abudefduf abdominalis 100 Abudefduf troschelii 90 Abudefduf saxatilis 90 Abudefduf hoefleri Azurina elerae 100 Azurina lepidolepis 82 Azurina cyanea 67 Azurina brevirostris 81 Azurina hirundo 100 Azurina atrilobata 100 Azurina multilineata Dascyllus melanurus 100 Dascyllus aruanus 100 Dascyllus abudafur 100 Dascyllus marginatus Dascyllus flavicaudus 100 100 Dascyllus reticulatus Philippines 100 Dascyllus carneus 100 Dascyllus reticulatus Fiji 100 Dascyllus albisella 100 100 Dascyllus trimaculatus 100 Dascyllus strasburgi 100 Pycnochromis acares 96 Pycnochromis nigrurus 96 Pycnochromis vanderbilti 100 Pycnochromis alleni Pycnochromis bami Pycnochromis ovatiformis Pycnochromis amboinensis 90 93 99 Pycnochromis howsoni 86 Pycnochromis caudalis 100 99 Pycnochromis fatuhivae 88 Pycnochromis hanui Pycnochromis iomelas 95 93 Pycnochromis pacifica 51 Pycnochromis atripes Pycnochromis delta 73 98 Pycnochromis retrofasciatus 98 Pycnochromis leucurus Pycnochromis dimidiatus 100 Pycnochromis fieldi 100 Pycnochromis margaritifer 100 Pycnochromis abruptus Chromis atripectoralis 100 Chromis viridis 84 Chromis ternatensis Chromis (Hoplochromis) 100 Chromis flavaxilla Chromis nitida 100 Chromis fumea Chromis yamakawai 98 Chromis kennensis 97 100 Chromis ovalis CHROMINAE 97 Chromis notata 100 Chromis katoi 99 Chromis hypsilepis 84 99 Chromis dispila 99 Chromis tingting Chromis (Thrissochromis) Chromis okamurai 82 100 Chromis abyssicola 100 Chromis mamatapara 80 Chromis mirationis 99 Chromis pelloura 82 Chromis chrysura 81 Chromis randalli 100 100 Chromis pamae Chromis anadema 100 Chromis xanthura 100 Chromis opercularis 89 Chromis verater Chromis weberi 100 Chromis xanthopterygia 92 100 Chromis gunting 100 Chromis cinerascens 100 Chromis scotochiloptera 100 Chromis albicauda 100 99 Chromis analis 100 Chromis woodsi 100 99 Chromis flavapicis 100 Chromis hangganan 100 Chromis pembae Chromis limbata 100 Chromis chromis Chromis (Chromis) 100 Chromis cadenati 96 Chromis alpha 99 Chromis bowesi 100 Chromis earina 100 91 Chromis albomaculata Chromis degruyi 100 Chromis abyssus 100 Chromis circumaurea 97 Chromis crusma Chromis punctipinnis 100 Chromis alta 93 Chromis limbaughi 90 Chromis enchrysura 90 Chromis insolata 95 Chromis scotti “Chrysiptera” starcki 100 “Chrysiptera” galba 84 “Chrysiptera” rapanui 90 “Chrysiptera” glauca 100 “Chrysiptera” glauca 100 “Chrysiptera” unimaculata 100 “Chrysiptera” biocellata 100 “Chrysiptera” brownriggii 100 “Chrysiptera” leucopoma 100 “Chrysiptera” flavipinnis Dischistodus melanotus 100 Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus Dischistodus chrysopoecilus 100 Dischistodus perspicillatus 100 Dischistodus prosopotaenia 91 100 Dischistodus prosopotaenia CHEILOPRIONINI Pomachromis richardsoni 100 Pomachromis fuscidorsalis Cheiloprion labiatus Chrysiptera cyanea 100 Chrysiptera taupou 94 100 Chrysiptera rex 100 Chrysiptera caesifrons 100 Chrysiptera chrysocephala 97 Chrysiptera rollandi 97 Chrysiptera talboti 100 Chrysiptera traceyi 96 Chrysiptera hemicyanea 100 Chrysiptera parasema 100 Chrysiptera oxycephala 100 Chrysiptera springeri Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon 100 Neoglyphidodon oxyodon Neoglyphidodon polyacanthus 100 Neoglyphidodon bonang 100 92 93 Neoglyphidodon melas Neoglyphidodon carlsoni 100 Neoglyphidodon nigroris 98 Neoglyphidodon thoracotaeniatus Acanthochromis polyacanthus 100 Altrichthys curatus 100 Altrichthys azurelineatus 100 80 Altrichthys alelia HEMIGLYPHIDODONTINI Amblyglyphidodon ternatensis Amblyglyphidodon batunaorum 100 Amblyglyphidodon aureus 98 Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster 100 Amblyglyphidodon flavilatus 97 78 Amblyglyphidodon indicus 77 Amblyglyphidodon orbicularis 50 Amblyglyphidodon silolona Amblyglyphidodon curacao 100 Amblyglyphidodon melanopterus Amphiprion biaculeatus 100 Amphiprion percula 100 100 Amphiprion ocellaris 100 Amphiprion ocellaris 100 Amphiprion latezonatus Amphiprion tricinctus 100 Amphiprion clarkii 100 91 Amphiprion clarkii Amphiprion akallopisos Amphiprion perideraion 100 100 100 Amphiprion sandaracinos 100 Amphiprion pacificus Amphiprion chrysopterus 97 100 Amphiprion leucokranos Amphiprion akindynos 100 Amphiprion mccullochi AMPHIPRIONINI 100 Amphiprion frenatus 91 91 Amphiprion rubrocinctus 100 Amphiprion barberi 100 Amphiprion ephippium 85 100 Amphiprion melanopus Amphiprion nigripes 100 100 Amphiprion chagosensis Amphiprion chrysogaster 85 96 Amphiprion allardi 100 Amphiprion latifasciatus 50 Amphiprion bicinctus 100 Amphiprion
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  • Adult and Larval Traits As Determinants of Geographic Range Size Among Tropical Reef fishes

    Adult and Larval Traits As Determinants of Geographic Range Size Among Tropical Reef fishes

    Adult and larval traits as determinants of geographic range size among tropical reef fishes Osmar J. Luiza,1, Andrew P. Allena, D. Ross Robertsonb, Sergio R. Floeterc, Michel Kulbickid, Laurent Vigliolae, Ronan Bechelerf, and Joshua S. Madina aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; bSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama APO AA 34002; cDepartamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil; dLABEX Laboratoire Excellence Arago, Institut de Recherche pour le Dévelopment UR227 CoReUs, 66651 Banyuls, France; eLABEX Laboratoire Excellence Récifs Coralliens, Institut de Recherche pour le Dévelopment UR227 CoReUs, 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia; and fLaboratoire Environnement Profond, Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France Edited by Mark A. Hixon, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, and accepted by the Editorial Board August 27, 2013 (received for review March 5, 2013) Most marine organisms disperse via ocean currents as larvae, so it potential, but may influence the propensity for range expansion is often assumed that larval-stage duration is the primary de- by affecting the establishment and persistence of new pop- terminant of geographic range size. However, empirical tests of ulations, as suggested by a recent study on Atlantic reef fishes this relationship have yielded mixed results, and alternative (9). For example, schooling (18, 19) and nocturnal activity (20) hypotheses have rarely been considered. Here we assess the reduce predation risk and thereby increase the chance of post- relative influence of adult and larval-traits on geographic range settlement survival. Broad habitat use and depth range indicate size using a global dataset encompassing 590 species of tropical ecological generality, which is thought to influence establishment reef fishes in 47 families, the largest compilation of such data to success in new environments (21).
  • Pomacentridae): Structural and Expression Variation in Opsin Genes

    Pomacentridae): Structural and Expression Variation in Opsin Genes

    Molecular Ecology (2017) 26, 1323–1342 doi: 10.1111/mec.13968 Why UV vision and red vision are important for damselfish (Pomacentridae): structural and expression variation in opsin genes SARA M. STIEB,*† FABIO CORTESI,*† LORENZ SUEESS,* KAREN L. CARLETON,‡ WALTER SALZBURGER† and N. J. MARSHALL* *Sensory Neurobiology Group, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, †Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland, ‡Department of Biology, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Abstract Coral reefs belong to the most diverse ecosystems on our planet. The diversity in col- oration and lifestyles of coral reef fishes makes them a particularly promising system to study the role of visual communication and adaptation. Here, we investigated the evolution of visual pigment genes (opsins) in damselfish (Pomacentridae) and exam- ined whether structural and expression variation of opsins can be linked to ecology. Using DNA sequence data of a phylogenetically representative set of 31 damselfish species, we show that all but one visual opsin are evolving under positive selection. In addition, selection on opsin tuning sites, including cases of divergent, parallel, conver- gent and reversed evolution, has been strong throughout the radiation of damselfish, emphasizing the importance of visual tuning for this group. The highest functional variation in opsin protein sequences was observed in the short- followed by the long- wavelength end of the visual spectrum. Comparative gene expression analyses of a subset of the same species revealed that with SWS1, RH2B and RH2A always being expressed, damselfish use an overall short-wavelength shifted expression profile. Inter- estingly, not only did all species express SWS1 – a UV-sensitive opsin – and possess UV-transmitting lenses, most species also feature UV-reflective body parts.
  • The Global Trade in Marine Ornamental Species

    The Global Trade in Marine Ornamental Species

    From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNEP World Conservation This report would not have been The authors would like to thank Helen Monitoring Centre possible without the participation of Corrigan for her help with the analyses 219 Huntingdon Road many colleagues from the Marine of CITES data, and Sarah Ferriss for Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Aquarium Council, particularly assisting in assembling information Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Aquilino A. Alvarez, Paul Holthus and and analysing Annex D and GMAD data Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Peter Scott, and all trading companies on Hippocampus spp. We are grateful E-mail: [email protected] who made data available to us for to Neville Ash for reviewing and editing Website: www.unep-wcmc.org inclusion into GMAD. The kind earlier versions of the manuscript. Director: Mark Collins assistance of Akbar, John Brandt, Thanks also for additional John Caldwell, Lucy Conway, Emily comments to Katharina Fabricius, THE UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION Corcoran, Keith Davenport, John Daphné Fautin, Bert Hoeksema, Caroline MONITORING CENTRE is the biodiversity Dawes, MM Faugère et Gavand, Cédric Raymakers and Charles Veron; for assessment and policy implemen- Genevois, Thomas Jung, Peter Karn, providing reprints, to Alan Friedlander, tation arm of the United Nations Firoze Nathani, Manfred Menzel, Julie Hawkins, Sherry Larkin and Tom Environment Programme (UNEP), the Davide di Mohtarami, Edward Molou, Ogawa; and for providing the picture on world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization.