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Rodents (Mammalia) from the Pilgrim Creek Local Fauna, Wyoming: a Mixed Eocene and Oligocene Assemblage (Duchesnean to Whitneyan)

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Rodents (Mammalia) from the Pilgrim Creek Local Fauna, Wyoming: a Mixed Eocene and Oligocene Assemblage (Duchesnean to Whitneyan) Paludicola 11(2):51-72 March 2017 © by the Rochester Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology RODENTS (MAMMALIA) FROM THE PILGRIM CREEK LOCAL FAUNA, WYOMING: A MIXED EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE ASSEMBLAGE (DUCHESNEAN TO WHITNEYAN) William W. Korth Rochester Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology, 265 Carling Road, Rochester, New York 14610 <[email protected]> ABSTRACT Previously, only the non-eomyid rodents from the Pilgrim Creek fauna of Wyoming have been described (Sutton and Black, 1975; Korth, 1981; Korth and Emry, 2013). This fauna has been considered as Chadronian in age since its first description. Twenty-seven species of rodents are recognized here from this fauna. There is a predominance of Chadronian species (13 taxa); however, the presence of three species known elsewhere from the Duchesnean (“Leptotomus” guildayi, Metanoiamys korthi, Griphomys cf. alecer), four from the Orellan (“Prosciurus” sp., cf. relictus, Eumys elegans, “Scottimus” viduus, Protosciurus sp., cf. P. mengi), and two from the Whitneyan (Leptodontomys douglassi, Ansomys sp., cf. A. cyanotephrus,) demonstrates that the fauna is clearly mixed with elements from four different horizons. INTRODUCTION either earlier or later horizons, demonstrating the evident mixing of faunas. Over 40 years ago, Sutton and Black (1975) _________________________________________ identified 11 species of rodents from the Pilgrim Creek fauna of Wyoming (Table 1). However, TABLE 1. Previously identified rodents from the Pilgrim Creek specimens of the family Eomyidae were not local fauna, Wyoming (Sutton and Black, 1975). described or listed. The locality from which the Ischyromyidae fossils were collected is in the Teton National Forest Ischyromys cf. veterior in Jackson County, Wyoming along Pilgrim Creek Cylindrodontidae (Sutton and Black, 1975). The deposit is subjacent to Pseudocylindrodon nr. medius the base of the Arikareean Colter Formation Cylindrodon cf. fontis (Tedford, et al., 2004). Sutton and Black (1975: 299) Sciuridae noted that the deposit was, “...at least partially, of uncertain sciurid landslide deposits..” They referred the fauna to the Aplodontidae Chadronian based on the species they identified Spurimus sp. stating, “...most of which appear to be Chadronian in Prosciurus vetustus age.” They argued that it was a transitional fauna P. cf. relictus between the late Duchesnean and earliest Chadronian Prosciurus sp. but was likely earliest Chadronian. The Chadronian Heteromyidae age determination was followed by Emry et al. Heliscomys cf. vetus (1987:fig. 5.3) and Janis et al. (2008, Appendix ?Castoridae I:720). However, in both of these latter cases, the Pipestoneomys cf. bisulcatus fauna was considered later Chadronian in age (=Ch3, Family uncertain of Janis et al., 2008). Only a few specimens from this Griphomys sp. fauna have been described since Sutton and Black’s ___________________________________________ (1975) original work and have been referred to the Chadronian without question (Korth, 1981; Korth and Dental terminology follows that of Wood and Emry, 2013). The entire rodent fauna is described Wilson (1936). Crown-height measurements (ht/W) herein, including the material previously cited. for lower cheek teeth of eomyids follows that of Whereas the majority of the species described are Korth (2013): height of the crown from its base to the typically Chadronian in age, as suggested by Sutton base of the lingual valley between the metaconid and and Black (1975), some are elsewhere known from entoconid divided by the maximum width of the tooth. Crown-height for cylindrodons follows that of 51 52 PALUDICOLA, VOL. 11, NO. 2, 2017 Korth and Tabrum (2016): height of the entoconid cheek teeth) are all characters of similar to divided by the maximum width. Upper teeth are Ischyromys, as noted by Black (1971). It is likely that indicated by capital letters, lower teeth by lower-case “L.” guildayi does represent a distinct genus, of an letters (e.g. M1 or m1). Abbreviations for ischyromyine rather than a paramyine. However, the measurements: L, maximum anteroposterior length; description of a new genus is not within the purview W, maximum transverse width. Abbreviations for of this paper and should be addressed with a much institutions: CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural better sample of specimens. History; USNM, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Ischyromys Leidy, 1856 Ischyromys veterior Matthew, 1903 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY (Figure 1B-G; Table 2) Order Rodentia Bowdich, 1821 Family Ischyromyidae Alston, 1876 Ischyromys cf. I. veterior Leidy; Sutton and Black, Subfamily Ischyromyinae Alston, 1876 1975 Leptotomus Matthew, 1910 Referred Specimens—CM 91652, dP4; CM “Leptotomus” guildayi Black, 1971 22009, 92145, 92146, P3; CM 27558, 27564, 27566, (Figure 1A) 27572, P4; CM 27563, 91613, 91615, 91618, 91619, 91704, M1 or M2; CM 27560, 27565, 91608, 91610, Referred Specimen—CM 38699, partial left p4. 91611, 91617, M3; CM 91626, dp4; CM 27561, Measurements—W = 4.14 mm. 27562, 27571, 91616, p4; CM 92147, 27557, 27567- Description—The trigonid is broken away but 27569, 27573, 91607, 91614, 91620, 91622, 91623, the posterior slope of the metaconid and the m1 or m2; CM 27555, 91621, 91624, m3. protoconid are present. The entoconid is large and Discussion—The cheek teeth of I. veterior have separated from the metaconid. The hypolophid is been previously described in detail (Matthew, 1903; complete from the entoconid to the ectolophid, but Wood, 1937; Black, 1968). The specimens from lowest at its center. There is no mesoconid or Pilgrim Creek do not differ from these previous mesostylid. The hypoconid is large and rounded. The descriptions. In size, the Pilgrim Creek specimens are posterior cingulid extends lingually from the well within the range of those of I. veterior from the hypoconulid around the posterolingual corner of the type area, Pipestone Springs, Montana (Wood, tooth, joining the base of the entoconid. 1937:197; Black, 1968:tables 1 and 2; Heaton, 1996: Discussion—The single premolar does not table 5, figs. 8, 9, 10). differ morphologically from that of L. guildayi from The generic allocation of this species has long the Duchesnean of the Badwater fauna of Wyoming been in dispute as to whether it belongs to (Black, 1971). The only difference is that the Pilgrim Titanotheriomys Matthew, 1910, or Ischyromys Creek specimen is slightly larger than the range given (summarized in Wood, 1976; Heaton, 1996). Since by Black (1971:189), but this difference is not the majority of the differences between these genera statistically significant. This species is definitely are based on cranial morphology, the Pilgrim Creek known only from the Duchesnean, although several material cannot address this question. I. veterior has isolated teeth from the Uintan to Chadronian of been previously reported only from the Chadronian Saskatchewan have been tentatively referred to it (Wood, 1937; Heaton, 1996; Anderson, 2008). (Storer, 1978, 1984, 1988). McKenna and Bell (1997) listed Leptotomus as Spurimus Black, 1971 a synonym of Tapomys Wood, 1962, noted that Spurimus sp., cf. S. scottii Black, 1971 Leptotomus had been preoccupied, and suggested that (Figure 1H-J; Table 3) Uintaparamys Kretzoi, 1968, would the appropriate replacement name. Anderson (2008) retained Spurimus sp. Sutton and Black, 1975 (in part) Tapomys as separate from the species previously referred to Lepotomus, and followed McKenna and Referred Specimens—CM 27551, P4; CM Bell (1997) in using Uintaparamys as the generic 27548, p4; CM 27549, 27550, m1 or m2; CM 91705, allocation for the remainder of the species. However, m3. Anderson (2008) noted that several characters of the Description and Discussion—The specimens lower cheek teeth of “Leptotomus” guildayi were are slightly larger than those of S. scottii, more distinct from other species of the genus and likely similar in size to S. selbyi (Black, 1971:210, 213). represented a distinct genus. The characters used by However, the Pilgrim Creek specimens are more Anderson (2008:316; large trigonid basin, wide similar to those of S. scottii in morphology. There is a buccal valley, and complete hypolophid on lower short anterior cingulid on the buccal side of the KORTH—RODENTS FROM PILGRIM CREEK, WYOMING 53 FIGURE 1. Cheek teeth of Ischyromyidae from Pilgrim Creek. A, “Leptotomus” guildayi, CM 38699, left p4 (trigonid broken). B-G, Ischyromys veterior. B, CM 27564, left P4. C, CM 91613 left M1 or M2. D, CM 91617, right M3 (reversed). E, CM 27561, right p4. F, CM 27557, right m1 or m2. G, CM 91624, right m3. H-J, Spurimus sp. cf, S. scottii. H, CM 27548, left p4. I, CM 27549, right m1 or m2. J, CM 91705, right m3. Anterior to right on all figures. Bar scale = 2 mm. 54 PALUDICOLA, VOL. 11, NO. 2, 2017 protoconid of the lower molars, as in S. scottii, that is Description and Discussion—The specimens lacking in S. selbyi. The only previously undescribed of Cylindrodon are easily separable from those of the specimen is CM 91705, an m3. It is longer than the lower-crowned Pseudocylindrodon and Dolo- known m1 or m2, the metalophulid II is incomplete, cylindrodon based on crown-height. Of the upper and the shallow basin anterolingual to the protoconid premolars and molars (M1 or M2), all have the is better developed than in m1 or m2. A specimen distinctive anteroposterior loph from the metaloph to originally described as m3 by Sutton and Black the posterior cingulum diagnostic of C. natronensis (1975), CM 27526, is markedly smaller than the m3 and C. solarborus (Emry and Korth, 1996). The sizes referred here (CM 91705) as well as the m1 or m2 of the cheek teeth are smaller than the latter and well (Sutton and Black, 1975:307), and is referable to a within the range of C. natronensis (Emry and Korth, cylindrodontid. 1996:tables 1, 2). C. natronensis is limited elsewhere Outside of Pilgrim Creek, Spurimus is limited to to the early Chadronian of the Flagstaff Rim and the Uintan and Duchesnean of the Badwater area of Cameron Springs faunas of Wyoming. Wyoming (Black, 1971; Robinson et al., 2004: table _________________________________________ 4.1; Flynn and Jacobs, 2008a).
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