DOCSLIB.ORG

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Environmental Management and Sustainable Development Environmental IFAD’s Management Environmental and and Social Assessment Procedures Sustainable Development IFAD Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................................ v INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 IFAD’s Commitment to Environmental Management .............................................................................. 1 Chapter 1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES 7 1.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Purpose of mainstreaming ESA .................................................................................... 7 1.3. General ESA provisions ................................................................................................ 9 1.3.1. ESA Responsibility ........................................................................................................ 9 1.3.2. Financing of Environmental and Social Assessments .................................................. 9 1.3.3. Projects initiated by co-financing institutions................................................................. 9 1.3.4. Consultation in the ESA process................................................................................... 9 1.3.5. Disclosure of documentation related to ESA process................................................... 9 1.4. Incorporation of ESA into IFAD’s Quality Enhancement (QE) process......................... 9 1.5. Environment and Social Assessment: Project and Programmes................................ 12 1.5.1. Environmental Screening and Scoping ....................................................................... 12 1.5.2. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) ............................................... 13 1.5.3. ESIA Review and Recommendations ......................................................................... 14 1.5.4. Loan Negotiations........................................................................................................ 14 1.5.5. Board Approval............................................................................................................ 14 1.5.6. Project Supervision...................................................................................................... 14 1.5.7. Project Completion and ex post facto ESIA ................................................................ 14 1.6. Criteria for Project Categorization ............................................................................... 15 1.6.1. Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 15 1.6.2. Project Type and Scale ............................................................................................... 15 1.6.3. Project Location........................................................................................................... 16 1.6.4. Magnitude of Impacts .................................................................................................. 17 ANNEXES Supporting Material for Environmental and Social Assessment............................... 19 Annex 1.1 Environment/Natural Resource Management Environmental and Social Review Note - ESRN (Outline) ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Annex 1.3 Recommended Format for ESIA Reports ............................................................................ 27 Annex 1.4 Sample Terms of Reference for Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (to be tailored based on the ESRN) ................................................................................................................. 29 Annex 1.5 Technical Review of ESIA .................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 2. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) 35 2.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................. 35 2.2. SEA in IFAD Operations.............................................................................................. 36 2.3. SEA Steps in RB-COSOP Development..................................................................... 38 ANNEXES Supporting Material for Strategic Environmental Assessment ............................... 41 Annex 2.1 Generic Checklist: Questions for all SEAs........................................................................... 43 Annex 2.2 Possible Structure and Contents of the SEA study .............................................................. 45 iii IFAD Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures List of Tables Table 1 What’s new in IFAD’s approach to environmental and social issues?.......................... 4 Table 2. Addressing environmental issues in the context of IFAD’s strategic objectives and principles of engagement .............................................................................................. 6 Table 4. ESA Process Mainstreamed in the Project Cycle ....................................................... 11 Table 5. Basic Principles for SEA.............................................................................................. 36 Table 6. Key Features of SEA Undertaken in IFAD’s Own PPPs............................................. 37 List of Figures Figure 1. Mainstreaming environmental and social considerations in IFAD ................................ 7 Figure 2. Quality Enhancement Process: Flow Chart Design Stages........................................ 10 Figure 3. SEA Steps in the development of COSOPs................................................................ 39 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................... 47 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 51 IFAD's OPERATIONAL STATEMENTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 1 Biodiversity and Protected Area Management ....................OS 1-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 2 Fertilizers …………………………………………………………..OS 2-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 3 Fisheries ..................................................................................OS 3-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 4 Forest Resources ....................................................................OS 4-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 5 Irrigation ...................................................................................OS 5-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 6 Range Resources ………………………………………………...OS 6-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 7 Rural Roads .............................................................................OS 7-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 8 Wetlands…………………………………………………………...OS 8-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 9 Pesticides………………………………………………………….OS 9-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 10 Rural Finance ......................................................................OS 10-1 OPERATIONAL STATEMENT 11 Small Enterprise Development ..........................................OS 11-1 iv IFAD Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AfDB African Development Bank AP/PD Assistant President/Programme Management Department CAS Country Assistance Strategy CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBO Community Based Organization CCA Common Country Assessment CEA Country Environmental Analysis CPM Country Programme Manager CPMT Country Programme Management Team ESA Environmental and Social Assessment EB Executive Board EC European Commission EEC European Economic Community ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESIS Environmental and Social Impact Statement ESS Environmental Screening and Scoping ESRN Environmental and Social Review Note EU European Union EUGAP European Union Good Agricultural Practices FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GIS Geographic Information System IADB Inter-American Development Bank IAIA International Association for Impact Assessment IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFDC International Centre for Soil Fertility and Agricultural Development ILRI International Livestock Research Institute KSF Key Success Factor MAT Maturity Assessment Template (Assessment of Program/Project Design Maturity) MDG Millennium Development Goal MFI Multilateral Financial Institutions NAP National Action Programme NAPA National Adaptation Programmes of Action NEAP National Environment Action Plan NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NRM Natural Resource Management OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OS Operational Statements OSC Operational Strategy and Policy Guidance Committee PB President’s Bulletin PDR Project Design Report v IFAD Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures PPP Policy, Plan and Programme PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PT Technical Advisory Division QA Quality Assurance QE Quality Enhancement RB-COSOP Results-Based Country Strategic Opportunities Programme RD Regional Director REA Regional Environmental Assessment RIMS Results
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (Emmp)
    ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) Project/activity, Organizational/administrative, and Environmental Compliance Data Project/Activity Data Project/Activity Name: Feed the Future Senegal Nafoore Warsaaji Geographic Location(s) (Country/Region): Senegal/West Africa Implementation Start/End Dates: March 11, 2020- March 11, 2023 Contract/Award Number: SBAR-CPFF-72068520C00001 Implementing Partner(s): Connexus Corporation Tracking ID: Tracking ID/link of Related IEE: Tracking ID/link of Other, Related Analyses: Organizational/Administrative Data Implementing Operating Unit(s): (e.g. Mission or Bureau or Office) Lead BEO Bureau: Prepared by: Date Prepared: Submitted by: Date Submitted: Environmental Compliance Review Data Analysis Type: EMMP Additional Analyses/Reporting Required: EMMR Purpose Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans (EMMPs) are required for USAID-funded projects, as specified in ADS 204, when the 22 CFR 216 documentation governing the project (e.g. the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) specifies mitigation measures are needed. EMMPs are in important tool for translating applicable IEE conditions and mitigation measures into specific, implementable, and verifiable actions. FEED THE FUTURE SENEGAL NAFOORE WARSAAJI EMMP i An EMMP is an action plan that clearly defines: 1. Mitigation measures. Actions that reduce or eliminate potential negative environmental impacts resulting directly or indirectly from a particular project or activity, including environmental limiting factors that constrain development. 2. EMMP monitoring indicators.1 Criteria that demonstrate whether mitigation measures are suitable and implemented effectively. 3. Monitoring/reporting frequency. Timeframes for appropriately monitoring the effectiveness of each specific action. 4. Responsible parties. Appropriate, knowledgeable positions assigned to each specific action. 5. Field Monitoring/Issues. Field monitoring needs to be adequately addressed i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Procedure for Environmental Mitigation Strategy
    Roe Highway Stage 7 Doc No. REP-00-G-0005 Rev B PROCEDURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION STRATEGY B 24/05/2004 Issued for bulletin Ian Chevis A 10/05/04 Issued for Review C. Watkins REV DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED p:\7679 roe 7\alliance\23 environment\23.21 per\responses to per submissions\post per information\roe 7 environmental mitigation strategy\rep-00-g-0005-b (mitigation strategy).doc Sheet 1 of 28 Environmental Mitigation Strategy - Draft Doc No. REP-00-G-0005 Rev A Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION and OFFSETS 3 3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE ROE HIGHWAY STAGE 7 PROJECT 4 4 AVOIDANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 5 5 REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OR RISKS 7 6 ENVIRONMENTAL OFFSETS 8 6.1 Offset Principles 8 6.2 Policy Context – Western Australia 10 6.3 Overview of the Roe Highway Stage 7offset strategy 12 6.4 Protection of remnant vegetation through land use controls 14 6.4.1 Land Transfers, Vesting and Zoning 15 6.4.2 On-reserve conservation 16 6.4.3 Off-reserve conservation through Conservation Covenants 16 6.5 Other methods of securing high value habitat - the Bush Forever Initiative 17 6.6 Reducing risk of species extinction through targeted research 18 6.7 Restoration of degraded habitat 18 6.8 Maintaining connectivity Error! Bookmark not defined. 7 CONCLUSION 19 8 REFERENCES 20 REP-00-G-0005-B (Mitigation Strategy).doc Sheet 2 of 22 Environmental Mitigation Strategy - Draft Doc No. REP-00-G-0005 Rev A 1 INTRODUCTION The decade following the ratification and enactment of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity in 1993 has seen important changes in environmental policy and practice.
    [Show full text]
  • PERU LNG’S Marine Terminal
    Sustainable waste management at PERU LNG’s marine terminal 2016 Maritime Award of the Americas University of Miami, February 2017 About us PERU LNG is a Peruvian company established in 2003, dedicated to the liquefaction of natural gas. It consists of a 408 km pipeline from the highlands of Peru to the LNG Plant located 165km south of Lima. The LNG Plant consists of a process train, two storage tanks, and a marine terminal. The jetty includes a 1.3 km. trestle bridge, a LNG loading platform and a 800 m. long x 25 m. wide breakwater. Shareholders: Hunt Oil, SK, Shell and Marubeni. Magnitude of the Endeavour Open sea without natural structures or protection. Strong waves up to 4.5m height versus 0.8m required for safe vessel operations. Regular dredging of navigational channel (i.e. recurrent impact versus recovery & resilience) Coexistence of maritime activities (> 60 LNG ships / year) with marine biodiversity Environmental Management at PERU LNG’s Marine Terminal Based on “environmental mitigation hierarchy” and industry best practices. Includes 4 key elements: 1. Integrated Management System. 2. Solid & Liquid waste management. 3. Pollution prevention on vessels and jetty maintenance activities. 4. Monitoring & Assurance. 1. Integrated Management System HEALTH & SAFETY: Risk Assessment Risk Control ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL: Impact Assessment Mitigation Hierarchy QUALITY MANAGEMENT: Quality Assurance Monitoring & Control OHSAS ISO 14001 18001 Occupational Environmental PLAN DO Health & Safety Management Improve ACT CHECK ✔ ISO 9001 OSHA
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Mitigation and Regeneration Through Sustainable Farming and Food Security
    Scientific Research and Essay Vol.4 (8), pp. 773-779, August, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE ISSN 1992-2248 © 2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Environmental mitigation and regeneration through sustainable farming and food security J. H. Pen-Mogi Nyeko Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Accepted 14 July, 2009 We recognized the farming practice of the communities around Keyo hills in Kilak, which is a complex and fragile ecosystem, as being purely dependent on annual food and cash crops production system and rain fed agriculture in nature. There are noticeable decline in food and cash crops production in the area. There are regular reported cases of mild to severe famine in the northern and eastern parts of Uganda. The community has resorted to overexploitation of natural resources such as charcoal burning and stone quarrying for daily subsistence. This practice is not sustainable and is environmentally destructive yet this hill is the main watershed that feeds rainwater to River Nile. Over the years, the rainfall pattern in the area has become unreliable due to environmental destruction. We designed a project that aimed at introducing perennial food and cash crops and improved livestock with high milk production to reduce poverty and ensure availability of food throughout the year. Another component of the project was to introduce the use of wood saving stoves or cooking places to reduce wastage of firewood and conserve trees. We supplied improved banana suckers to the communities to provide food security and income and with the help of Send a Cow; we received 57 in-calf heifers and 264 goats.
    [Show full text]
  • Interdependence of Biodiversity and Development Under Global Change
    Secretariat of the CBD Technical Series No. 54 Convention on Biological Diversity 54 Interdependence of Biodiversity and Development Under Global Change CBD Technical Series No. 54 Interdependence of Biodiversity and Development Under Global Change Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity ISBN: 92-9225-296-8 Copyright © 2010, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity concern- ing the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views reported in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Convention on Biological Diversity. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Citation Ibisch, P.L. & A. Vega E., T.M. Herrmann (eds.) 2010. Interdependence of biodiversity and development under global change. Technical Series No. 54. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal (second corrected edition). Financial support has been provided by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development For further information, please contact: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 413 St. Jacques Street, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9 Phone: +1 514 288 2220 Fax: +1 514 288 6588 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cbd.int Typesetting: Em Dash Design Cover photos (top to bottom): Agro-ecosystem used for thousands of years in the vicinities of the Mycenae palace (located about 90 km south-west of Athens, in the north-eastern Peloponnese, Greece).
    [Show full text]
  • Framework for Environmental Management in Assistance Programmes International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Assistance Division, September 2009
    Volume 92 Number 879 September 2010 REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS Framework for environmental management in assistance programmes International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Assistance Division, September 2009 Section 1: Assistance programmes and environmental management ICRC Assistance Programmes aim to preserve or restore acceptable living condi- tions for people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence. These victims can be highly vulnerable and are in most contexts highly dependant on their local environment for their livelihoods, health and security. As such, human health, livelihood and survival are intertwined with environmental concerns. Environmental concerns are thus directly relevant to ICRC assistance activities and must be part of them. As a leading humanitarian organisation, the ICRC has a key role to play in issuing a clear message that allows for consideration of environmental issues that affect the victims of armed conflict while ensuring that the victims themselves remain central to ICRC Assistance Programmes. This document aims to define environmental issues in the context of ICRC’s operations. It also aims to provide useful and practical guidance to Assistance delegates and national staff on two levels: how to understand the relationship between Assistance activities and the environment upon which victims of armed conflicts depend; how to consider the potential positive or negative impacts of Assistance activities, without in any way compromising the rapidity and effectiveness of ICRC action; doi:10.1017/S1816383110000573 747 Reports and Documents how to continue to develop an environmentally alert mindset and to enable environmental issues to be systematically integrated into the balance of factors that need to be considered to produce an efficient, effective and rapid ICRC response.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project
    Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project Environmental Management Framework Bangladesh Forest Department & Arannayk Foundation May, 2013 i Table of Contents Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................v Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... vi 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of EMF ............................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................3 2.1 Project Development Objectives .................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Project Locations ........................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Project Implementing Agencies .................................................................................................... 3 2.4 Project Components ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Project Environmental Mitigation Costs – Case Studies
    Project Environmental Mitigation Costs – Case Studies Fourth Edition November 2013* Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Information Materials can be provided in alternative formats by calling the ADA Compliance Manager at 360-705-7097. Persons who are deaf or hard of hearing may contact that number via the Washington Relay Service at 7-1-1. Title VI Notice to the Public It is Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) policy to ensure no person shall, on the grounds of race, color, national origin, or sex, as provided by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise discriminated against under any of its federally funded programs and activities. Any person who believes his/her Title VI protection has been violated may file a complaint with WSDOT’s Office of Equal Opportunity (OEO). For Title VI complaint forms and advice, please contact OEO’s Title VI Coordinator at 360-705-7082 or 509-324-6018. *Please note: in November some discrepancies were found in the numbers reported in various tables. These discrepancies were fixed and this revised edition published in November 2013. Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Methodologies Used in the 2013 Study ........................................................................................................ 3 Temporary Mitigation ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem-Based Adaptation and Mitigation in Botswana's Communal
    Ecosystem-Based Adaptation and Mitigation in Botswana’s Communal Rangelands ANNEX 6: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Prepared by Conservation International and C4 EcoSolutions through a PPF grant from the Green Climate Fund ESIA and ESMP Table of Contents 1. Executive summary .................................................................................................... 4 2. Introduction............................................................................................................... 9 3. Project Description .................................................................................................. 10 3.1. Strengthening community institutions and gender equitable capacity for collective action 11 3.2. Building individual capacity in herders and the community .......................................... 12 3.3. Supporting climate smart land and livestock management ........................................... 13 3.4. Strengthening mitigation & adaptive capacity across the value-chain for long-term sustainability.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.5. Knowledge sharing and mechanisms for continual improvement and replication .......... 15 4. Policy, legal and administrative framework ............................................................. 16 4.1. Governance, decentralisation and resource management instruments ......................... 16 4.2. Environmental
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Conflict
    Environmental Conflict: What’s gender got to do with it? An Honors Thesis for the Peace and Justice Studies Program Arlen R. Weiner Tufts University, 2013 Acknowledgements Many people contributed to the success of this thesis. I would like to thank the International Relations program for the research scholarship that allowed me to conduct research in preparation for this project, and Tufts Institute for the Environment for the generous use of their office space and supplies. To Professor Jeanne Marie Penvenne and Jenna DiCocco, for the invaluable academic and moral support throughout this process. And the most special thank you to Professor Paul Joseph, who inspired the initial vision for this project and continued to provide indispensible encouragement, guidance, and friendship. ii Table of Contents Abstract..............................................................................................................................iv Introduction........................................................................................................................1 1. The Linkages between Environment and Conflict .....................................................9 2. Gender and Environmental Conflict .........................................................................22 I. Gender and Conflict............................................................................................22 II. Gender and the Environment ............................................................................39 III. Bridging the Gap: A Gender Analysis
    [Show full text]
  • In Defense of Ecosystem Services J.B
    Vanderbilt University Law School Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2016 In Defense of Ecosystem Services J.B. Ruhl Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/faculty-publications Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation J.B. Ruhl, In Defense of Ecosystem Services, 32 Pace Environmental Law Review. 306 (2016) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/faculty-publications/480 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. +(,121/,1( Citation: 32 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 306 2015 Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org) Thu Dec 10 16:31:20 2015 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: https://www.copyright.com/ccc/basicSearch.do? &operation=go&searchType=0 &lastSearch=simple&all=on&titleOrStdNo=0738-6206 420 2015 408 PM RUHL FINAL MACRO 2-23-152 23 15 4/20/2015 4:08 I'M THE TWENTIETH ANNUAL LLOYD K. GARRISON LECTURE In Defense of Ecosystem Services J.B. RUHL* It is a great honor and pleasure to deliver the Garrison lecture at the Pace University Law School, especially on an evening during which we have paid fitting tribute to the lives of two giants of environmental law and policy, Joe Sax, and David Sive.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Program
    ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT AND MITIGATION PROGRAM 2015/16 Grant Cycle GUIDELINES and APPLICATION STATE OF CALIFORNIA April 2016 DEADLINE: APPLICATION MUST BE POSTMARKED BY Tuesday, July 12, 2016 TO: Prospective Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Program Applicants FROM: John Laird, Secretary for Natural Resources DATE: April 13, 2016 RE: Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation (EEM) Grant Program The California Natural Resources Agency (Agency) is pleased to release the 2015-16 EEM Program guidelines. The program encourages projects that produce multiple benefits to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase water use efficiency, reduce risks from climate change impacts and demonstrate collaboration with local, state and community entities to mitigate environmental impacts of transportation facilities. In light of the recent years of severe drought conditions, the Agency remains committed to funding projects that demonstrate water conservation to meet our statewide goals. In its most essential form, sustainability means using resources wisely and efficiently to meet current needs while ensuring these resources are available for future generations. Together one project at a time, we can protect our natural resources and improve the overall health of California. Applications for the Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation (EEM) Program for the 2015-16 grant cycle must be postmarked by: Tuesday, July 12, 2016 You may access the EEM Program Guidelines and Application at: http://resources.ca.gov/bonds_and_grants/eemp/. The Guidelines include information to assist you in preparing an application for funding. Please be sure to read the Guidelines in their entirety for important information on project eligibility, evaluation criteria and submission requirements. Three technical assistance workshops are planned to provide help in preparing grant applications.
    [Show full text]