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Phytoecological and Phytogeographical Study on Asteraceae Family of Tessala Mount (Western Algeria)

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Phytoecological and Phytogeographical Study on Asteraceae Family of Tessala Mount (Western Algeria) Global Journal of Biodiversity Science and Management, 5(1) January 2015, Pages: 1-9 AENSI Journals Global Journal Of Biodiversity Science and Management ISSN : 2074-0875 Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/GJBSM/ phytoecological and phytogeographical study on Asteraceae family of Tessala Mount (Western Algeria) SAIDI Boubakr, LATRECH Ali, DIF Mustapha Mahmoud, HAKEMI Zahra Université Djillali Liabes Faculté des sciences de la nature et de vie Laboratoire de biodiversité végétale: conservation et valorisation Sidi Bel Abbes 22000 Algérie ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Mountains Tessala has very interesting natural vegetation; these formations contain a Received 14 November 2014 rich and diverse flora which contribute to an economic and ecological interest. For the Received in revised form 24 December preservation and enhancement of the natural heritage, we have contributed a study of 2014 the region of Mount Tessala. We identified 30 species of the family Asteraceae, listed Accepted 28 December 2014 in 29 herbaceous species and one species shrub branch, to determine the biological Available online 18 January 2015 types and biological spectrum depending on the classification of raunkier, the results obtained highlighit that there are perennial (44 %) and annual (37%) and other annual- Keywords: biennial asteraceae (13%), annual-perennial and biennial-perennial with a very low Tessala; the asteraceae family; intake other categories (3%), endemic species are inventoried in various stations in the biological kinds; classification study area. raunkier. © 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: SAIDI Boubakr, LATRECH Ali, DIF Mustapha Mahmoud, HAKEMI Zahra., phytoecological and phytogeographical study on Asteraceae family of Tessala Mount (Western Algeria). Glob. J. Biodivers. Sci. Manag, 5(1): 1-9, 2015 INTRODUCTION The current situation of the Algerian forest ownership is as one of the most critical in the Mediterranean region (Ikermoud, 2000). The conservation of plant biodiversity is essentially done using knowledge through inventories, monographic studies and investigations of different plant uses. Several authors have suggested that the conservation and enhancement of natural ecosystems require a good knowledge of its biodiversity (Médail and Quézel, 1997; VELA and BENHOUHOU, 2007). The study of the Mediterranean’s flora and especially that of the area of Oran was done by several authors in recent decade (QUEZEL, 1964; Alcaraz ,1980; - Hadjadj Aoul, 1995; BenAbdellah and al 2010) In our study, we are interested in the area of Tessala mountain which has a remarkably rich and varied flora. We counted about 193 species distributed over 49 families and 146 genera. This same flora lists 103 medicinal plants and aromatic character and very diverse uses in the area and by the local population (Baraka, 2008). Asteraceae family according to Bercht. & J.Presl has 1820 cosmopolitan appointed by Giseke, 1792, is an important family of flowering plants and considered as the largest of all the families of angiosperms; they contain more than 20 000 species, distributed in 1100 genera, comprising about 13 tribes (BELEM, 1988). In our purpose to investigate the flora of Tessala Mount , we are focused on the study the of asteraceaes family, A monographic and investigation study of each species was done . MATERIALS AND METHODS 1.1. Presentation of the study area: Corresponding Author: SAIDI Boubakr, Université Djillali Liabes Faculté des sciences de la nature et de vie Laboratoire de biodiversité végétale: conservation et valorisation Sidi Bel Abbes 22000 Algérie E-mail: [email protected] 2 SAIDI Boubakr et al, 2015 Global journal of biodiversity science and management, 5(1) January 2015, Pages: 1-9 The study area is located in the north of the capital of the province of Sidi Bel Abbes, Tessala the Mountains are an important channel Tellian Atlas Mountains located in Algeria. Limited in the north by the plain of Mleta and sebkha of Oran, on the east by the mountains of Beni Chougrane to the west by the mountains of Sebaa Chioukh and south by the plain of Sidi Bel Abbes. The height of the reliefs, relatively flattened, is between 500 and 1000 m elevation peaking at 1061 meters Jebel Tessala (Pouquet, 1952). They are an extension of 4 wilaya " Sidi Bel Abbes , Ain temouchent, Tlemcen and Oran " (Figure 1). Fig. 1: Geographical position of the mounts of Tessala In Tessala common predominant geological formations are marls, clays and soft sandstones of Neogene marls and marly limestones Paleogene and Cretaceous (DELLAOUI, 1952) .These courses are diverse and each unit is characterized by topographical formations age and different structure. - The mountainous area of Tessala is part of the Tell Oran central characterized geologically by thrusting tablecloths training complex Decreto - Oligocene DELLAOUI described by (BOUKLIKHA, 2001). The climate of the region is almost Tessala the Mediterranean as any West North Algerian characterized by: - The concentration of rainfall during the cold period (fall and winter) Low and irregular rainfall (- 400 mm / year), Frosts covering a period from December to: - An apparent drought during the warmer months (summer). Quite a long dry period (late April to mid- October), Strong temperatures in summer and low in winter; February (Ferka-Zazou, 2006). The aridity index is in the range of 12.01 for the translated region Tessala a semi-arid climate. (Bouzidi and al, 2009). 1.2. Methodology: To achieve phytoecological and phytogeographical study of the families of asteraceaes Mountains Tessala, we conducted a prospective study of the floristic established by the work before quoting those of Baraka (2008), Bouzidi (2009), Cherifi (2011) Bouidejra Bashir (2011).with an up-to -day data output on the land in January - September 2014 for that approach we have classified the species of the family by biological type according the Raunkiær plant life-form, 1934, biogeographic type, morphological type and life cycle with new flora of Algeria 3 SAIDI Boubakr et al, 2015 Global journal of biodiversity science and management, 5(1) January 2015, Pages: 1-9 Quézel and Santa (1962–1963), supplemented as necessary by the flora of North Mayor Africa (1952–1987), we have used the Microsoft Excel software presented the results in the form of circles and histograms. 2. Results : 35 30 25 20 15 Series1 10 5 0 Herbacées Arbrisseau rameux Fig. 02: morphological types of Asteraceae from Mount Tessala Herbacées Arbrisseau rameux %3 %97 Fig. 03: The percentage of morphological types of Asteraceae from Mount Tessala We found that most of the family Asteraceae species located at Mount Tessala are herbaceous plants with an exception of a shrub plant branch which named Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter Syn: Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton. 4 SAIDI Boubakr et al, 2015 Global journal of biodiversity science and management, 5(1) January 2015, Pages: 1-9 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Series1 0 Fig. 04: The life cycle of Asteraceae of Tessala Mount Bisannuel/vivac Annuel ou e vivace Annuel/bisannu %3 %3 el %13 annuel %37 Vivace %44 Bisannuel %0 Fig. 05: The percentage of the biological cycle of Asteraceae from Tessala Mount From the results obtained a large parts of the Asteraceae are perennial (44%) than others are classified to an annual (37%) and annual - biennial Asteraceae (13%), annual - perennial and biennial, perennial very low rates supply the other categories ( 3%). 5 SAIDI Boubakr et al, 2015 Global journal of biodiversity science and management, 5(1) January 2015, Pages: 1-9 Thérophyte Chaméphyte %3 %10 Hémicryptophyt .e %47 Thérophyte %40 Fig. 06: The percentage of organic type of a Asteraceae from Tessala Mount The plants are represented by decreasing order, the hemicryptphyte species (47%), therophyte (40%) have an important percentage against the chaméphyte and therophyte by 10% and 3% which are poorly represented. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fig. 07: Types of the chorologic of Asteraceae from Tessala Mount 6 SAIDI Boubakr et al, 2015 Global journal of biodiversity science and management, 5(1) January 2015, Pages: 1-9 Méd. Circumméd Euryméd . Eur. Méd Cosm Alg. – Tun Ibéro. – Maur S. Méd. Sah Eura Iber.- Nord. -Af Mérid Canaries, Eur Sub. Méd End. W. Méd %3 %3 %3 %3 %3 %3 %27 %3 %3 %4 %14 %4 %7 %10 %10 Fig. 08: The percentage of the type of Chorologic Asteraceae of Tessala Mount Annuelle- vivace thérophyte %8 Annuelle- bisannuelle %8 annuelle %84 Fig. 09: The percentage of organic type of Asteraceae Mount Tessala based on life cycle 7 SAIDI Boubakr et al, 2015 Global journal of biodiversity science and management, 5(1) January 2015, Pages: 1-9 hémécryptophyte annuelle %7 Annuelle- bisannuelle %14 vivace %79 Fig. 10: The percentage of organic type of Asteraceae from Tessala Mount based on life cycle Discussion: The annual asteraceae species (Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Persoon, Atractylis cancellata L. ... etc ) are plants that live for only one year. They disappear in the winter when there are only seeds left behind. These seeds grow up to become a new plant. Almost all the species of Therophye Asteraceae are annual plants but two species Centaurea calcitrapa L - annual and biennial Glebionis coronoria the annual or perennial. Is confirming the Raunkiær plant life-form, they correspond to the class of therophytes. These plants overwinter only in seed form. There are far fewer biennials as there are annual or perennial plants. In Raunkiær plant life-form, they correspond in part to the class of hemicryptophytes. Species of perennial asteraceae, Hemicryptophyte (or geophyte) Chaméaphyte or perennial plants are plants that can live for several years. Enduring winter in the form of specialized bodies protected underground cold and loaded in reserve (roots, corms, rhizomes). Almost all species of Asteraceae Tessala are Hemicryptophyte Chaméaphyte and have the property perennials with some exceptions (Carduus L. pycnocephalus annual, Onopordum macracanthum Schousb Annual / biennial, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, Annual / biennial) and a species - perennial asteraceae chameaphyte bisanuelle Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn.
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