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Shilluk Lexicography with Audio Data Bert Remijsen, Otto Gwado Ayoker & Amy Martin

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Shilluk Lexicography with Audio Data Bert Remijsen, Otto Gwado Ayoker & Amy Martin Shilluk Lexicography With Audio Data Bert Remijsen, Otto Gwado Ayoker & Amy Martin Description This archive represents a resource on the lexicon of Shilluk, a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in South Sudan. It includes a table of 2530 lexicographic items, plus 10082 sound clips. The table is included in pdf and MS Word formats; the sound clips are in wav format (recorded with Shure SM10A headset mounted microphone and and Marantz PMD 660/661 solid state recorder, at a sampling frequency of 48kHz and a bit depth of 16). For each entry, we present: (a) the entry form (different for each word class, as explained below); (b) the orthographic representation of the entry form; (c) the paradigm forms and/or example(s); and (d) a description of the meaning. This collection was built up from 2013 onwards. The majority of entries were added between 2015 and 2018, in the context of the project “A descriptive analysis of the Shilluk language”, funded by the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2015- 055). The main two methods through which the collection was built up are focused lexicography collection by semantic domain, whereby we would collect e.g. words relating to dwellings / fishing / etc., and text collection, whereby we would add entries as we came across new words in the course of the analysis of narrative text. We also added some words on the basis of two earlier lexicographic studies on Shilluk: Heasty (1974) and Ayoker & Kur (2016). We estimate that we drew a few hundred words from each. Comparing the lexicography resource presented here with these two resources, our main contribution is detail, in that we present information on the phonological form and on the grammatical paradigm. In addition, the phonological representations are made accountable through the inclusion of sound clips. Included in a separate folder are the recordings for cattle terms, collected by Amy Martin as part of her Hons dissertation research project. These cattle terms are not included as entries in this document; they are listed in her dissertation (Martin 2018). She has agreed to release these recordings under the same Creative Commons Attribution licence (CC-BY) as the rest of the data provided here. 1 Entry forms, paradigm forms, naming of sound clips The entry form and the paradigm forms are determined by the word class. This is explained in the following table. Word class Entry form Paradigm forms / Example(s) Clause construction (code in file name) in recordings noun base pertensive (sg possessor) with 1st singular suffix; demonstrative existential predicate (EXIST), conditional existential predicate (IFEXIST), citation form by itself (ISOL) transitive bare imperative past (object voice); past 1st singular; past 2nd singular; Subject followed by verb verb imperfective (object voice) (INTR) intransitive imperative past, imperfective Internal argument (semantic verb object) followed by verb (VA [Verb+Argument]) adjective base contingent; plural (if available) Subject followed by adjective (permanent) predicate (APRED) function function word / utterance example(s) words / morpheme morphemes Underlining in this document means that the form in question has been recorded, and have been included in ShillukLexicography_SoundClips. These recordings represent the voice of Otto Gwado Ayoker (speaker no. 01), who is a Shilluk speaker from Tonga (Lwak region). The file names of these sound examples are structured as follows: 2 [Speaker_Number]_[ClauseConstruction]_..._[RepetitionNumber].wav. The Clause construction value determines the rest of the file name up to the repetition number. The value here is determined by the lexical category (cf. table above). If the verb is transitive (Clause Construction = VA), the third field presents the English translation of the verb, followed by its inflection in the fourth field. Here Past stands for Past tense Object voice. The fifth and sixth fields then present the English translation of the internal argument and its inflection, respectively. These conventions are illustrated by 01_VA_crushwithteeth_PAST&1SG_grain_P_01.wav. If the verb is intransitive (Clause Construction is INTR), the third field presents the English translation of the verb, followed by its inflection in the fourth field. The internal argument is not labeled in the file name. These conventions are illustrated by 01_INTR_burn_PAST_01.wav. For nouns, the conditional existential predicate (IFEXIST) is the frame we used most. We also at times collected the existential predicate (EXIST) and the citation form (ISOL). This frame type is referenced in the second field of the file name, e.g. 01_IFEXIST_dowry_S&DEM1.wav. The third and fourth fields then present the English translation of the noun and its inflection. For the base form, the inflection is typically S for singular or P for plural. The inflected forms are codded POSS1SG for the 1st singular possessive and DEM1 for the proximal demonstrative. Bibliography Heasty, J.A. (1974). English-Shilluk, Shilluk-English dictionary. American Mission at Doleib Hill. Martin, A. (2018). The phonology, morphology and semantics of Shilluk cattle nouns. University of Edinburgh Honours diss. Westermann, Diedrich (1912). The Shilluk people – their language and folklore. United Presbyterian Church of North America [1970 reprint edition by Negro Universities Press]. Ayoker, O.G. & T.Y. Kur (2016). Cøllø (aka) Shilluk dictionary. SIL International. [online at https://shilluk.webonary.org/] 3 Entry form Orthography Word class / function Paradigm forms / example(s) Meaning à a relativizer [S] ɛ́n à ŋʌ̂ʌɲ-ɪ̀ ɟấm̄ -ɪ̄ à nâam relativizer; following a head noun, it ‘‘It is him who knows the introduces various types of modifiers: things that are in the river’ adjectives, verbs, and nouns. If the modifier introduced is a noun, it expresses a location. á- á[stem] prefix lwɔ̂l á-lɛɛ̂́ ŋ ‘Somebody has verb prefix marking past tense thrown an open gourd.’; lwɔ̂l á-lɛ̀ɛɛŋ ‘You have thrown an open gourd.’ à- a[stem] prefix à-lʌ̂ʌʌ́ ɲ̄ ɲɪ́ŋ-ánɪ́ ‘So I used to marks sequential past; the verb is clause fight them so that the name initial, and the stem is in the same would disappear. Then the inflection as in the applicative name disappeared’ a -á focus marker, postverbal bʊ̄ʊl dwâatɪ́ a [dwâatáa] in some cases, it marks narrow focus position càm-ɪ̀ kwʌ̄n ‘Bol wants to (specificity) on the associated argument; eat porridge’; bʊ̄ʊl cɛk̂́ ̄ a in others, it may be required to license the [cɛ́k-ā] cám ‘Bol is verb form continuously eating.’ -áa [stem]a suffix (nouns) càaak-áa ‘my milk’ marks possession by a 1st person singular entity on plural nouns à a focus marker, preverbal jāat̪ à ŋɔl̂́ ‘Somebody cuts marks narrow focus (specificity) on the position specifically the wood.’ associated argument -āa [stem]a suffix (nouns) gʌ̀ʌʌt-āa ‘my river bank’ marks possession by a 1st person singular entity on singular nouns. áa á question marker áa gwốooŋ̄ ấa a á-kàc jín this morpheme marks the left edge of a ‘Which dog bit you?’, áa ŋɔ̄ topic that is queried by a question word 4 à á-ŋɔl̂́ ɪ̀ɪ ábác ‘What did Abac cut?’ ấa -áà question word áa gwốooŋ̄ ấa a á-kàc jín which; this question word is used to ‘Which dog bit you?’ request a narrow specification of the noun referent ábáamāac ábamac noun, singular ábáamāaac-āa, ábáamâaaɲ spoonbill; this is a compound; the final part, orthographically mac ‘fire’ refers to the bird’s beak. ábáamǎaac ábámacc noun, plural ábáamàac-áa, ábáamàac-ɪ̀ spoonbills; this is a compound; the final part, orthographically mac ‘fire’ refers to the bird’s beak. ábǎaɲ ábany noun, singular ábàaaɲ-āa, ábàaaɲ hammer (with an iron head) ábǎaaɲ ábanyy noun, plural ábàaɲ-áa, ábàaɲ-ɪ̀ hammers (with an iron head) àbàaar-ɔ́ abarø noun, singular àbàr-āa, àbàr-ɪ̀ wild sorghum; it is only eaten when people are in need, it is the earliest grain to ripe (maize is early this is earlier); there is no plural; it may be derived from bâaar ‘to suffer bereavement’ àbáaar-ɔ́ abaarø noun, singular àbấr̄-aa, àbár-ɪ̀ bereavement, poverty; relates to the loss of breadwinner; see also bâaar, àbáar àbáar abar noun, singular àbấaar̄-āa, àbáaar̀ bereaved person; relates to the loss of breadwinner; see also bâaar, àbáaar-ɔ́, kîic àbáat̪ abadh noun, singular àbấaat-̪̄ āa, àbáaaǹ̪ fish hook àbàat̪ûuŕ abathur noun, singular àbàat̪ûuú r̄-āa, àbàat̪úuur̀ kind of monitor lizard; in contrast with the Nile monitor lizard, it does not go into water; there is no plural; looks 5 morphologically complex but no clear derivation àbʌ̀ʌʌt̪ ábädhh noun, plural àbʌ̀ʌt̪-áa, àbʌ̀ʌt̪-ɪ̀ fish hooks ábʌ̂ʌʌt̪ ábädhh noun, plural ábʌ̂ʌt̪-áa, ábʌ̂ʌt̪-ɪ̀ fishing line with many hooks on it; cmp. àbáat̪, àbʌ̀ʌʌt̪ ábɛ̀ɛɛn-ɔ̀ ábenø noun, singular ábɛ̀ɛn-āa, ábɛ̀ɛn-ɪ̀ kind of fish (singular), sc. petrocephalus; the head is very hard, the variety found in the Shilluk region is electric ábɛ̀ɛɛn ábenn noun, plural ábɛ̀ɛn-áa, ábɛ̀ɛn-ɪ̀ kind of fish (plural), sc. petrocephalus; the head is very hard, the variety found in the Shilluk region is electric á-biĉ́ ábïj noun, plural five; derived from biĉ́ ‘fifth’ á-bíiic ábïjj noun, plural fives, sets of five; derived from bíiic ‘fifths’ á-biid̂́ ʌ̀k ábïdäg noun, plural á-biid̂́ ʌ̀ʌʌk-áa, á-biid̂́ ʌ̀ʌʌk eight; derived from biid̂́ ʌ̀k ‘eighth’ á-biid̂́ ʌ̌ʌʌk ábïdägg noun, plural á-biid̂́ ʌ̀k-áa, á-biid̂́ ʌ̀k-ɪ̀ eights, sets of eight; derived from biid̂́ ʌ̌ʌʌk ‘eighths’ àbíik abig noun, singular àbíiik-āa, àbíiiŋ̀ sorghum flour á-biikĵ́ ɛ̀l ábïkyel noun, plural six; derived from biikĵ́ ɛ̀l ‘sixth’ á-biikĵ́ ɛ̌ɛɛl ábïkyell noun, plural sixes, sets of six; derived from biikĵ́ ɛ̌ɛɛl ‘sixths’ á-biiŋŵ́ ɛ̀ɛn ábïngwen noun, plural á-biiŋŵ́ ɛ̀ɛɛn-áa, á-biiŋŵ́ ɛ̀ɛɛn nine; derived from biiŋŵ́ ɛ̀ɛn ‘ninth’ á-biiŋŵ́ ɛ̌ɛɛn ábïngwenn noun, plural á-biiŋŵ́ ɛ̀ɛn-áa, á-biiŋŵ́ ɛ̀ɛn-ɪ̀ nines, sets of nine; detived from biiŋŵ́ ɛ̌ɛɛn ‘ninth’ á-biirĵ́ ɛ̄w ábïryew noun, plural seven; derived from biirĵ́ ɛ̄w ‘seventh’ á-biirĵ́ ɛɛɛ̄̌ w ábïryeww noun, plural sevens, sets of seven; derived from biirĵ́ ɛɛɛ̄̌ w ‘sevenths’ 6 àbjěk abyëg noun, singular àbjèeek-aā, àbjèeeŋ bird snare àbjěeek abyëgg noun, plural àbjèk-áa, àbjèk-ɪ̀ bird snares ábòook ábögg noun, plural ábòok-áa, ábòok-ɪ̀ stalks carrying cobs of grain ábóoop-ɔ̀ áböbø noun, singular ábốom̄ -āa, ábóom-ɪ̀ 1.
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