The Languages of Amazonia Patience Epps University of Texas at Austin
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Peoples in the Brazilian Amazonia Indian Lands
Brazilian Demographic Censuses and the “Indians”: difficulties in identifying and counting. Marta Maria Azevedo Researcher for the Instituto Socioambiental – ISA; and visiting researcher of the Núcleo de Estudos em População – NEPO / of the University of Campinas – UNICAMP PEOPLES IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA INDIAN LANDS source: Programa Brasil Socioambiental - ISA At the present moment there are in Brazil 184 native language- UF* POVO POP.** ANO*** LÍNG./TRON.**** OUTROS NOMES***** Case studies made by anthropologists register the vital events of a RO Aikanã 175 1995 Aikanã Aikaná, Massaká, Tubarão RO Ajuru 38 1990 Tupari speaking peoples and around 30 who identify themselves as “Indians”, RO Akunsu 7 1998 ? Akunt'su certain population during a large time period, which allows us to make RO Amondawa 80 2000 Tupi-Gurarani RO Arara 184 2000 Ramarama Karo even though they are Portuguese speaking. Two-hundred and sixteen RO Arikapu 2 1999 Jaboti Aricapu a few analyses about their populational dynamics. Such is the case, for RO Arikem ? ? Arikem Ariken peoples live in ‘Indian Territories’, either demarcated or in the RO Aruá 6 1997 Tupi-Mondé instance, of the work about the Araweté, made by Eduardo Viveiros de RO Cassupá ? ? Português RO/MT Cinta Larga 643 1993 Tupi-Mondé Matétamãe process of demarcation, and also in urban areas in the different RO Columbiara ? ? ? Corumbiara Castro. In his book (Araweté: o povo do Ipixuna – CEDI, 1992) there is an RO Gavião 436 2000 Tupi-Mondé Digüt RO Jaboti 67 1990 Jaboti regions of Brazil. The lands of some 30 groups extend across national RO Kanoe 84 1997 Kanoe Canoe appendix with the populational data registered by others, since the first RO Karipuna 20 2000 Tupi-Gurarani Caripuna RO Karitiana 360 2000 Arikem Caritiana burder, for ex.: 8,500 Ticuna live in Peru and Colombia while 32,000 RO Kwazá 25 1998 Língua isolada Coaiá, Koaiá contact with this people in 1976. -
On Numeral Complexity in Hunter-Gatherer Languages
On numeral complexity in hunter-gatherer languages PATIENCE EPPS, CLAIRE BOWERN, CYNTHIA A. HANSEN, JANE H. HILL, and JASON ZENTZ Abstract Numerals vary extensively across the world’s languages, ranging from no pre- cise numeral terms to practically infinite limits. Particularly of interest is the category of “small” or low-limit numeral systems; these are often associated with hunter-gatherer groups, but this connection has not yet been demonstrated by a systematic study. Here we present the results of a wide-scale survey of hunter-gatherer numerals. We compare these to agriculturalist languages in the same regions, and consider them against the broader typological backdrop of contemporary numeral systems in the world’s languages. We find that cor- relations with subsistence pattern are relatively weak, but that numeral trends are clearly areal. Keywords: borrowing, hunter-gatherers, linguistic area, number systems, nu- merals 1. Introduction Numerals are intriguing as a linguistic category: they are lexical elements on the one hand, but on the other they are effectively grammatical in that they may involve a generative system to derive higher values, and they interact with grammatical systems of quantification. Numeral systems are particularly note- worthy for their considerable crosslinguistic variation, such that languages may range from having no precise numeral terms at all to having systems whose limits are practically infinite. As Andersen (2005: 26) points out, numerals are thus a “liminal” linguistic category that is subject to cultural elaboration. Recent work has called attention to this variation among numeral systems, particularly with reference to systems having very low limits (for example, see Evans & Levinson 2009, D. -
PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/42006 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2017-12-06 and may be subject to change. Kwaza in a Comparative Perspective Author(s): Hein van der Voort Reviewed work(s): Source: International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 71, No. 4 (October 2005), pp. 365- 412 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/501245 . Accessed: 13/07/2012 09:37 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of American Linguistics. http://www.jstor.org KWAZA IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE1 Hein van der Voort Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi In view of the previous sparsity of data, the existing claims with regard to a genea- logical classification of the Aikanã, Kanoê, and Kwaza languages of Rondônia, on the Brazilian side of the Guaporé River, are premature and unconvincing. -
Why Mahku – Movimento Dos Artistas Huni Kuin – Sing?
Universidade Federal do Acre, AMILTON PELEGRINO DE MATTOS Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do IBÃ HUNI KUIN Sul, Acre, Brazil. MAHKU – Artists Movement WHY MAHKU – Huni Kuin, Jordão, Acre, Brazil. MOVIMENTO DOS ARTISTAS HUNI KUIN – SING? ABSTRACT The article presented is a joint work of the authors cited above. The drawings presented are products of MAHKU – Huni Kuin Artists Movement inspired from the huni meka songs. The nixi pae (ayahuasca) songs are the motive for the commentary of Ibã Huni Kuin and his way of “translation” of the language of songs, which he calls “put in the sense” (pôr ou colocar no sentido). In the first part we make a brief keywords presentation of the Ibã and collective Huni Kuin art- Huni Kuin; Visual anthropology; ists research and the trajectory of MAHKU, portrayed Ethnographic film; Art; in the audiovisual essay The nixi pae’s dream (Dir. Anthropology of music. Amilton Mattos, 2015). 61 São Paulo, v. 2, n.1, p.61-82, may (2017) PRESENTATION This text is a presentation of excerpts from material prepared by Ibã and myself with the intention to compose, in brief, the book É tudo vivo, tudo fica olhando, tudo escutando – O MAHKU – Movimento dos Artistas Huni Kuin (Its all alive, everything is looking, everything is listening – The MAHKU – Huni Kuin Artists Movement). The material has been produced in the context of the research project Espírito da Floresta (Spirit of the Forest), started in 2009, concurrently in the Indigenous land of Alto Rio Jodão and in the Indigenous Licentiate from the Universidade Federal do Acre (Federal University of Acre) UFAC, Cruzeiro do Sul Campus, the University of the Forest, with intentions to expand into other expressive forms such as music and visual arts. -
Gm and Km Allotypes in Wayampi, Wayana and Emerillon Indians from French Guiana
L ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, 1994, VOL.'.21, NO. 4, 335-345 Gm and Km allotypes in Wayampi, Wayana and Emerillon Indians from French Guiana J. M. DUGOUJONP,E. GUITARDP,M. T. SENEGAS?,P. GRENANDSand E. BOIS* TCentre de Recherches sur le Polymorphisme Génétique des populations humaines, Toulouse, France $Département Société, Urbanisme, Développement, Paris, France *Unité de Recherches d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Paris, France Received 16 April 1993; revised II November 1993 Summary. We have studied 506 Amerindians from three French Guiana groups: 194 Wayampi, living in Trois-Sauts, and 100 in the Camopi area; 47 Emerillon also living in the Camopi area and 165 Wayana on the Litani and Maroni rivers. All samples were tested for Glm(1,2,3,17), G3m(5,6,10,11,13,14,15,16,21,24,28) and Km(1) by the classical method of hemaglutination inhibition. The phenotype and haplotype distributions are presented and have been subjected to factorial correspondence analysis. Two Gm haplotypes are common: Gm1*37;21,28,and Gm1,2,17;21,28,but with an important variation in frequency. A rare haplotype, probably the result of a genetic anomaly: Gm1,17;21R>28,is frequent in the Emerillon (17%). These populations show no evidence of Black or Caucasian admixtures. 1. Introduction The allotypic markers of human immunoglobulins (Ig) are inherited differences located on the heavy chains of IgG (Gm), IgA (Am), IgE (Em) and light chain Kappa (Km). Each epitope is restricted to one of the IgG (IgGl, IgG2 and IgG3) or IgA (IgA2) subclasses and found on the constant regions (CHI, CH2, or CH3 domains). -
CURRICULUM VITAE Alexandra Yurievna Aikhenvald
ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD CURRICULUM VITAE Current address: work: home: The Cairns Institute 21 Anne Street, James Cook University Smithfield, Cairns, Qld 4870 Qld 4878 Australia e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] phone: 61-(0)7-4240117 (work); 0400 305315 Citizenship: Australian Educated • Department of Structural and Applied Linguistics, Philological Faculty, Moscow State University: BA in Linguistics 1978; MA in Linguistics 1979 (thesis topic: 'Relative Clause in Anatolian Languages') • Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow: PhD in Linguistics, 1984 (thesis topic 'Structural and Typological Classification of Berber Languages') • La Trobe University, 2006: Doctor of Letters by examination of four books and 14 papers. Positions held • Research Fellow, Department of Linguistics, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, January 1980 - September 1988 • Senior Research Fellow, ibidem, September 1988 - July 1989 • Visiting Professor, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, August 1989 - December 1991 • Associate Professor, ibidem, December 1991 - December 1992 • Full Professor with tenure, ibidem, December 1992 - February 1994 • Visiting Professor, State University of Campinas, Brazil, April 1992 - June 1992 • Visiting Professor, University of São Paulo, Brazil, July 1992 - December 1992 • Visiting Fellow, Australian National University, January - February 1993 • ARC Senior Research Fellow (with rank of Professor), Australian National University, February 1994 - 1999, Second Term: February 1999 - 2004 • Professor of Linguistics, Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, La Trobe University, from 2004 - 2008 • Associate Director of the Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, Australian National University, 1996-1999 • Associate Director of the Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, La Trobe University, 2000-2008 • Professor and Research Leader (People and Societies of the Tropics), Cairns Institute, James Cook University, 2009-present. -
Spanish and P'urhepecha: Mutual Influences in an Ongoing Case of Language Contact in Central Western Mexico
SPANISH AND P’URHEPECHA: MUTUAL INFLUENCES IN AN ONGOING CASE OF LANGUAGE CONTACT IN CENTRAL WESTERN MEXICO Martha Mendoza* * Associate Professor of Linguistics & Spanish. Florida Atlantic University Correo electrónico: [email protected] * Mendoza, Martha. “Spanish and P’urhepecha: Mutual Influences in an Ongoing Case of Lan- guage Contact in Central Western Mexico”. Thesaurus 58(2016): 156-179. Web. 156 n.o 58, octubre 2016 - abril 2017 Abstract Spanish in Mexico is in contact with numerous indigenous languages still spoken in its territory. Such is the case of P’urhepecha in the state of Michoacán, a language isolate part of the sixty eight indigenous language groups remaining in the country today, with as many as 125 000 speakers. Both Spanish and P’urhepecha have been influenced by each other’s presence through centuries of close contact. Over time, Spanish has been modified mostly with respect to its lexicon, while P’urhepecha has experienced both lexical and grammatical influences. Examples of the lexical in- fluence of P’urhepecha on the Spanish of Michoacán are nouns likehuarache ‘san- dal’, tacuche ‘suit’, and corunda ‘tamale’. Examples of the massive lexical influence of Spanish on P’urhepecha are words such as pensarini ‘think’ < Spanish pensar, butella ‘bottle’, mesa ‘table’, telebisioni ‘television’, etc. To this date, however, the contact between Spanish and P’urhepecha has not yet been sufficiently investigat- ed. Thus, the present study provides an overview of the history and current state of the contact between these two -
Can Grammar Define Similarity of Human Natural Languages?
American Journal of Applied Sciences Original Research Paper Can Grammar Define Similarity of Human Natural Languages? 1Vladimir Nikolaevich Polyakov, 2Ivan Sergeevich Anisimov and 3Elena Andreevna Makarova 1NUST, “MISIS”, Moscow, Russia 2“Yandex”, LLC, Moscow, Russia 3Institute of Linguistics of RAS, Moscow, Russia Article history Abstract: The aim of the present study is to show that similarity of human Received: 11-06-2016 natural languages can be conveyed not only by phonetic data, but also by Revised: 03-10-2016 grammar. The paper regards the largest typological database WALS and its Accepted: 05-09-2016 possibilities in the sphere of genealogic relationship of languages. Using the method of two-objective optimization and data mining, which is new Corresponding Author: Vladimir Nikolaevich Polyakov for linguistic studies, we show that grammatical (structural) data, as well as NUST “MISIS”, Moscow, phonetic data, can deliver information on the similarity of languages. Russia Language isolates and micro-families do not have genealogic relatives Email: [email protected] based on phonetic information, but they do have genealogic relatives based on grammar information. Keywords: WALS, Two-Objective Optimization, Data Mining, Language Isolates, Micro-Families, Similarity, Grammar Introduction became the source of information. WALS, being the result of work of 55 specialists, was the first feature atlas on a The main source of information for the present study world-wide scale, which made it possible to compare is World Atlas of Language Structures-WALS unrelated languages all over the world. (Haspelmath et al ., 2005). It is the world’s biggest The present study uses the data WALS in an attempt database describing structural properties of languages. -
Yanomami Timeline
YANOMAMI TIMELINE 1940 - 1960s 1982 First sustained contact with outsiders as Brazilian Survival presents the Yanomami case to the UN. government sets up guard posts, and Catholic and Protestant missionaries establish presence. 1984 Yanomami suffer first epidemics of flu, measles and Survival assists in funding Médecins du Monde in a whooping cough. CCPY vaccination campaign. 1968 1985 Dr. Kenneth Taylor, later to become director of First military base built in Yanomami territory. More Survival International (USA), starts work with follow. Soldiers prostitute Yanomami women and Yanomami. He later co-authors first detailed spread venereal diseases. proposal for a Yanomami Park, for the Brazilian government. It is ignored. 1986 New gold rush begins in earnest. 1973 - 1976 Brazil’s military government starts to build the Yanomami hold first assembly. northern perimeter highway, penetrating deep into Yanomami land. Two Yanomami communities 1987 - 1990 almost wiped out from diseases introduced by An estimated 40,000 goldminers are working construction workers. Yanomami suffer severe illegally inside Yanomami territory, spreading population drop. The partially built highway is malaria and flu. Up to 90 illegal landing strips are abandoned in 1976. constructed. Mercury poisons rivers and fish on which the Yanomami depend. 1974 Survival begins to fund health care program with 1987 - 1993 Yanomami in Venezuela. Around 20% of the Yanomami die from infections, malnutrition and malaria brought by the goldminers. 1975 First invasions by miners searching for tin ore. 1988 Government decrees that Yanomami land will be 1978 divided into 19 separate pockets. 70% of the Brazilian government proposes to split Yanomami Indians’ land would be excluded. -
The Ten Tonemes of Ticuna, an Amazonian Oddity
January 2018 – Talk abstract for AMAZÓNICAS VII The ten tonemes of Ticuna, an Amazonian oddity Ticuna is a language isolate spoken by an approximate 50,000 ethnic Ticunas in Western Amazonia, across the borders of Peru, Colombia and Brazil. The language’s unusually rich toneme inventory, consisting of 10 contrastive units in stressed syllables and 5 in unstressed syllables, makes it exceptional from both a typological and an areal point of view. Except for epenthetic syllables, each and every Ticuna syllable is lexically attached one toneme – which in specific morphosyntactic contexts may automatically alternate with some other toneme. No complex sandhi-like realization rules apply: each toneme, whether lexical or morphosyntactically conditioned, is always realized as its corresponding tone in the syllable it belongs to. A relatively straightforward phonological analysis of firsthand data from the San Martín de Amacayacu (SMA; Colombia) variety collected in 2015-2017 yields the following toneme inventory: Toneme inventory in stressed syllables in unstressed syllables 36 pitch 5 pitch 52 — 4 — 34 — 3 — 43 — 1 — 33 — creaky voice phonation1 31 — 22 — 21 — terminal creaky voice phonation1 initial creaky voice — TABLE 1 | SMA Ticuna toneme inventory (N.B.: 6 = highest F0; 1 = lowest F0) A comparably rich analysis probably holds for other Ticuna varieties, among others Caballococha and Cushillococha (Peru) Ticuna (Anderson, 1959, 1962; Skilton, pers. com.). In today’s SMA Ticuna at the very least, there seems to be no way to account for minimal pairs (such as those presented in APPENDIX, TABLE 2) with a more economic toneme inventory (such as Montes, 1995’s pioneering three-toneme analysis based on SMA Ticuna data collected from 1984 onwards). -
How JBS Is Still Slaughtering the Amazon
Slaughtering the Amazon In response to a July 2020 letter from Greenpeace UK, Burger King and Tesco confirmed that they were supplied by JBS subsidiaries (Burger King: Moy Park; Tesco: both Moy Park and Tulip). In September 2019, in response to a letter from Greenpeace UK, Aldi and Waitrose both confirmed JBS- linked supplies (Aldi: Moy Park and Tulip; Waitrose: Moy Park). In its FAQs, under ‘Who supplies you with chicken?’, Nando’s names Moy Park as one of its suppliers; Waitrose also lists Moy Park as a long-term poultry supplier on its website under ‘About our chicken’. In January 2020, a Bloomberg database chain- of-custody search identified trade between JBS subsidiary Pilgrim’s Pride (the parent company of both Moy Park and Tulip) and the following: Burger King, McDonald’s, Sainsbury’s, Tesco and YUM! (YUM! is the parent company of a number of fast food chains, including KFC.) Reports of direct links between JBS subsidiaries and KFC include specialist trade media (eg Ridler J (2018), Mulligan J (2017) and Lucas A (2020)). is still Slaughtering the Amazon the still Slaughtering is Additionally, factory codes UK 3005 EC and UK 3011 EC, documented in August 2019 on the labels of chickens in Sainsbury’s stores, link to How Moy Park facilities. Contents Executive summary Part 2: How industrial meat High stakes – how industrial meat is cooking the climate is taking us to the tipping point 1 Taking stock – JBS, the world’s largest What a carve-up – industrial meat producer, is still slaughtering the Amazon 2 meat’s impact 48 Supporting -
Martin Haspelmath, List of Publications
Martin Haspelmath - List of publications To appear 2010: [Andrej L. Malchukov, Martin Haspelmath & Bernard Comrie] 2010. Studies in Ditransitive Constructions: A Comparative Handbook. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. "The Behaviour-before-Coding Principle in syntactic change." To appear in: Floricic, Franck (ed.) Mélanges Denis Creissels. Paris: Presses de L'École Normale Supérieure. [Uri Tadmor, Martin Haspelmath & Bradley Taylor] "Borrowability and the notion of basic vocabulary." Diachronica 2010 "Framework-free grammatical theory." In: Heine, Bernd & Narrog, Heiko (eds.) The Oxford handbook of grammatical analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 341-365. 2009 [Martin Haspelmath & Uri Tadmor] (eds.) 2009. Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 1081 pp. [Martin Haspelmath & Uri Tadmor] (eds.) 2009. World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library. Online resource, <http://wold.livingsources.org/> [Martin Haspelmath & Uri Tadmor]. 2009. "The Loanword Typology project and the World Loanword Database." In: [Martin Haspelmath & Uri Tadmor] (eds.) 2009. Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 1-34. "Lexical borrowing: Concepts and issues." In: Martin Haspelmath & Uri Tadmor (eds.) 2009. Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 35-54. "Terminology of case." In: Malchukov, Andrej & Spencer, Andrew (eds.) 2009. The Oxford handbook of case. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 505-517. "An empirical test of the Agglutination Hypothesis." Scalise, Sergio & Magni, Elisabetta & Bisetto, Antonietta (eds.) 2009. Universals of language today. (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 76.) Dordrecht: Springer, 13-29. "The typological database of the World Atlas of Language Structures." In: Everaert, Martin & Musgrave, Simon (eds.) 2009.