Play Book Ii Notes and Bonus Scenario

Home , 1661 in Sweden, Battle of Fehrbellin, Dalsland, Duchies in Sweden, Duchy of Cleves, Hans Schack

Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II

PLAY BOOK II NOTES AND BONUS SCENARIO

Table of Contents Nyborg, November 24 (November 14), 1659...... 2 A Note from the Series Designer...... 18 A Historical Narrative of the Scanian War ...... 7 Designer’s Notes ...... 18 The Weapons of the Scanian War...... 16 Errata for the Cheriton Module ...... 19 Extended Unit Notes...... 16 Counterscans ...... 22 Bibliography...... 17 Malmö Special Reminders and Modifiers...... 24 German/Swedish/Danish Glossary...... 18 NGBG Terrain Effects Chart Addendum...... 24

men under command of Feltmarskal Schack at Kerteminde on the Nyborg, November 24 northeastern end of Fünen on November 12 (November 2), 1659. (November 14), 1659 They dug in there after repulsing several counterattacks by small Swedish forces. As the Swedish army moved their main forces Eastern side of the island of Fünen, Denmark towards Kerteminde, the other Coalition force under Feltmarskal Eberstein crossed the Little Belt at the western side of Fünen unop- See the beginning of Play Book I for a list of abbreviations used posed with a force of 5000 men and immediately began marching in the setups. east to link up with Schack. The battle of Nyborg was not a part of the Scanian War but of the The two Coalition armies successfully avoided being defeated piece- Northern Wars of 1655-1661. It is included in the game as it is in meal by the Swedes by seeking broken terrain every time Sulzbach many ways a very interesting battle that features many of the same concentrated against one of them. They knew the veteran Swedish participants that would fight in the Scanian War 16 years later. For cavalry would prove decisive in open terrain. This allowed the two a thorough narrative of the Northern Wars of 1655-1661 and the armies to link up at Odense on November 20 (November 10). Sul- invasion of Fünen in 1659 see the Nothing Gained But Glory page zbach, now outnumbered, withdrew towards the port and fortress on the GMT Website at http://www.gmtgames.com/p-242-nothing- town of Nyborg on the east side of Fünen in the hopes of delaying gained-but-glory.aspx. the Allies long enough to evacuate the island. After the lightning Swedish victory over Denmark in the 1657-1658 But the Allies were having problems of their own after their two War, which saw a march on Copenhagen across the frozen belts forces joined up. The two commanders, Schack and Eberstein, were between the Danish islands, the panic stricken Danes were forced to bitter personal rivals with very different views on how to proceed. sign the harsh peace treaty of Roskilde in February 1658. That treaty The rash Eberstein wanted to seek battle at once while the more ceded the provinces of Skåne, Halland and Blekinge, the island of cautious Schack wanted to avoid a battle with the superior Swedish Bornholm, and the Norwegian province of Tröndelag to Sweden. cavalry if at all possible, seeking to starve the Swedes into submis- One of the more humiliating aspects of the treaty was the demand to sion. They eventually solved their command dispute by alternating remove all paintings and tapestries that had an anti-Swedish theme command of the combined army between them on a daily basis, from all Danish castles. and thus began a slow march towards Nyborg. In the meantime the However, King Karl X of Sweden soon regretted not having con- Swedish army was reinforced by 1500 infantry when a small Swedish quered Denmark completely when he had the chance. In August naval force managed to avoid the Coalition blockade. 1658 he surprised everyone by landing on the island of Zealand On November 23 (November 13) the Allies were near Nyborg when without a formal declaration of war and marching on Copenhagen. news arrived from the fleet that their supplies were running low. This time, however, the Danes decided to fight and defend their They could only maintain the blockade for a few more days before capital while awaiting the arrival of their allies. A Dutch relief they would be forced to depart, allowing the Swedes to evacuate force soon smashed the Swedish Navy and brought reinforcements Fünen. This finally convinced Schack of the need to offer battle to the beleaguered city, while a Polish-Austrian-Brandenburg army before the Swedes could escape. Sulzbach decided to meet the marched to Denmark´s aid from the south. Coalition army outside of Nyborg, as the fortress was not in good In February 1659 a desperate Swedish assault on Copenhagen shape and the majority of his force consisted of cavalry. The oppos- failed. Coupled with the liberation of Swedish-occupied Jutland by ing armies made contact in the late morning hours on November Coalition forces, the Swedes were forced on the defensive while 24 (November 14). the Allies discussed their next move. Because the Swedish main forces still blockaded Copenhagen, the Danish generals called for The Battle an invasion of the Swedish-occupied island of Fünen as a stepping The Swedish army, with about 7000 men, took up an excellent de- stone to the liberation of Zealand. However, the Poles, Austrians, fensive position astride the Odense-Nyborg road, with its left flank and Brandenburgers did not think an invasion of Fünen was neces- anchored by a lake and its right by woods. Most of the battle line sary, as they saw it as purely a Danish goal aimed at ensuring the was covered by hedges or streams. The 11,000-strong combined best possible terms at the peace table. They did, however, agree to Coalition army was arrayed in two lines with Eberstein´s corps in support the invasion with minor contingents, and then redeployed front and Schack´s corps behind him. most of their forces to Germany to fight the Swedish forces there. Additional Danish and Dutch forces to bolster the invasion were Eberstein´s corps started its attack at 1100 hours before Schack’s therefore drawn from Copenhagen, as the direct threat there had was ready. Eberstein still feared that the cautious Schack would back diminished due to the heavy losses incurred by the Swedes in the down from a battle, and therefore wanted to start the battle as soon as previous assault. possible so that Schack would be forced to intervene. The Coalition attacks were stopped by Swedish musket and artillery fire, and then Prelude repulsed by several counterattacks by the Swedish veteran cavalry on both flanks. Eventually, the units of Eberstein´s right wing, followed The Swedish forces on Fünen, numbering about 5500, were under by those of his left wing, were forced to retreat with heavy casualties. the command of Fältmarskalk von Sulzbach. While short on infan- Only his infantry in the center and the artillery held their positions. try, a large part of these forces were veteran German cavalry and An attack by Schack´s right wing in support of Eberstein´s attack dragoons. was also repulsed. The fighting had lasted two and a half hours at Initially the Allies attempted to cross the Little Belt from Jutland this point and the outcome was very much in doubt. and made two attempts to land by sea near Nyborg. When these attempts failed, they sailed north and successfully landed 6200

While Eberstein was fighting Sulzbach´s entire army, Schack changes made to the terms of the 1658 Roskilde settlement in that moved most of his corps forward and took up positions to the right Denmark regained the island of Bornholm and the Norwegian prov- of Eberstein´s center to prevent a Swedish envelopment. Schack ince of Tröndelag but not the recently ceded Scanian provinces. The then launched an attack against the Swedish left and center with Danish demands for those provinces were denied as the maritime his well-drilled Dutch infantry together with some of Eberstein´s powers of England and the Netherlands didn´t want either Scandi- infantry. While the Dutch and Danish infantry fought the Swed- navian kingdom to control both sides of The Sound, and thus be in ish infantry, Schack´s right wing cavalry succeeded in throwing a position to collect toll money from their Baltic trade. the Swedish left wing cavalry back and routed them after a short but fierce fight. As the Swedish cavalry fled towards Nyborg, the The Danish wish for revenge and a return of the Scanian lands would flanks of the Swedish infantry became very vulnerable. The Danish have to be put on hold until an opportunity presented itself, which cavalry attacked the Swedish infantry in the flanks while the Dutch it would do in 1675 with the outbreak of what would eventually be infantry kept up the pressure on their front, destroying much of the known as the Scanian War. Swedish infantry. The remnants fled but were pursued mercilessly by the Polish cavalry. Coalition Forces Note: All leaders are Danish, except for Quast, who is from Bran- The Swedish collapse on the left and center quickly spread to the denburg. right where Sulzbach was still holding his ground against Eberstein, who had rallied his forces and was attacking again. As Coalition units ARMY COMMANDER: Schack (–1); Feltmarskal Hans Schack from the victorious wings were moving to attack his flank and rear, (1609-1676) was from Schleswig. He entered the Danish army as Sulzbach skillfully disengaged his remaining forces and escaped a teenager and participated in the Danish intervention in the Thirty with his right wing cavalry to the relative safety of the fortress of Years War and served in the Swedish, French, and Danish armies Nyborg. However, the remaining infantry and dragoons weren´t so from 1630 to 1654 when he became commander of Hamburg. In lucky and they were all killed or captured. exchange for a noble title, he agreed to serve in the Danish army in 1657. In addition to his role in the victory at Nyborg, he played a big The Aftermath part in the successful defense of Copenhagen in 1658-60 and with As evening fell the Allies followed the retreating Swedes to Nyborg the introduction of absolutism after the war he became commander and prepared to attack the fortress as soon as possible. During the of the entire army and a member of the royal council. night the two senior Swedish officers, Sulzbach and Stenbock, managed to escape in a small boat. When Coalition ships began Eberstein’s Corps: Quast’s Infantry Wing bombarding the city the next day, the Swedish forces under GenLjt. WING COMMANDER: Quast (–1; Brandenburg); General-Wacht- Horn surrendered unconditionally. meister Albrecht Christoph von Quast (1613-1669) began his Swedish losses during the battle had been very heavy, as only around military life in 1630 as a musketeer in Swedish service, where he half the original force was left at the time of the surrender. The served until 1648 when he took command of a cavalry regiment in prisoners numbered 3000 cavalrymen and a few hundred dragoons the army of Münster. When the Northern Wars of 1655-1661 began as well as three Swedish generals, twelve colonels, 22 guns, over he took service with Brandenburg and commanded the Brandenburg a hundred colors, and the archive of the Swedish army. The troops contingent in the 1657-1659 campaigns in Denmark. After the wars were immediately absorbed into the ranks of the victorious Coali- he stayed in Brandenburg service and was appointed governor of tion army which therefore became larger than it had been before the Spandau in 1667; WIA. battle. When Sulzbach and Stenbock met the Swedish King Karl X after their escape he is reported to have said: “If the Devil took all 1st Line the sheep, he might as well have taken the rams, too.” (Stenbock is Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup the Swedish word for a male ibex or mountain goat.) Ge. Dronningen 4-7 Cuir. 2605 The Coalition victory at Nyborg was important as it was a rare vic- (Dronningens Livregiment till hest) tory against the normally unbeatable Swedes. The Fünen campaign The Queen’s Life Guard RoH (AKA Ditlev Rantzau’s Regiment; two squadrons), not only weakened the Swedish hold on the other Danish islands ObrLt. Gotfred Rauch commanding. they still occupied, but meant the complete loss of a large part of Ge. Kongen 5-7 HI Bde 2606 the Swedish veteran cavalry regiments that had been instrumental (Kongens Livregiment till fods) w/ Arty in their previous victories. The King’s Life Guard RoF, raised in the summer of 1658, Obr. Henrik Volrath Both (KIA) commanding. This was half of the regiment; the other half with the After the battle of Nyborg the Danish commanders praised the well- oldest companies stayed in Copenhagen. drilled Dutch infantry regiments and the skillful handling of their weapons, both offensively and defensively. The effective Dutch Po. Piaseczynski 4-6 Cuir. 2607 use of their pikes was especially praised, and became one of the Colonel Kazimierz Piaseczynski´s DR (two squadrons). Piaseczynski was the reasons why the Danish army retained the pike in the infantry after Starost of the Polish province of Ostroleka and Mlawa and was killed by Sulz- the military reforms of the army following the war, despite the fact bach during the battle. that it had been close to being phased out altogether before the start Imp. Matthei 3-6 Cuir. 2608 of the Northern Wars. Two squadrons. Despite the success at Nyborg and the desperate Swedish situation Imp. Caraffa 3-7 Cuir. 2609 at the end of the war, the resulting Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660 Two squadrons, Graf Caraffa commanding proved very disappointing to the Danes. There were only minor

Imp. Schultz 3-7 Cuir. 2610 Da. Musketeers L1-4 LI Stacked with or adjacent to Two squadrons, Obr. Schultz (WIA) commanding. Commanded muskets. any of the above cuir. units. Da. Musketeers 2 x L1-4 LI Stacked with or adjacent to 2nd Line Commanded muskets. any of the above cuir. units. Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup 2nd Line Br. Kannenberg 4-6 Cuir. 2217 Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup Three squadrons. Imp. Matthei 3-6 Cuir. 2407 Two squadrons. Schack’s Corps: Right Cavalry Wing WING COMMANDER: H. Ahlefeldt (–1); Generalløjtnant Hans Cr. v.d.Nath 4-6 Cuir. 2408 Ahlefeldt (1624-1694) was a Catholic Danish officer and the brother Three squadrons of Croats and Pandours, Graf Gerhard von der Nath com- of C. Ahlefeldt. He served in the Imperial army during the Thirty manding. Years War, but returned to Denmark in 1648. However, he was forced to leave the country the next year after killing his sister´s husband Eberstein’s Corps: Eberstein’s Infantry Wing in a duel, and then served in the French and Swedish armies. On the WING COMMANDER: Eberstein (–1); Feltmarskal Friherre Ernst outbreak of war in 1657 he was pardoned by the king and he served Albrecht von Eberstein (1605-1676) was from a noble Frankish fam- well in the 1657-58 and 1658-60 wars. After the wars he was ap- ily. He fought in the entire Thirty Years War, serving on both sides. pointed commander of the cavalry and later on became the governor He rose from a page in 1620 to Imperial Lieutenant-Fieldmarshal of Fünen and commander of the Fortress of Nyborg. in 1648. In 1657 he entered Danish service, where he and Schack immediately became bitter rivals. He left Danish service in 1665 1st Line in protest to the King´s unwillingness to give him the same rank Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup and position as Schack, and served the last years of his life as a feldmarschall in Saxon service. Da. Musketeers L1-4 LI 2104 Commanded muskets. 1st Line Da. Gyldenløve 4-6 Cuir. 2105 Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup Three squadrons, Obr. Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve (an illegitimate son of King Frederik III) commanding. Da. Ahlefeldt N5-6 HI no pikes 2511 Claus Ahlefeldt’s IR, OberstLojtnant. Badenhaupt commanding. Da. Schack 3-6 Cuir. 2106 Schack’s CR (two squadrons), ObrLjt. Jacob Geveke commanding. Du. Killigrew 4-8 HI Bde w/ Arty 2512 Generaal William Killigrew’s IR. Killigrew was a British soldier of fortune and ultimately a general officer, who fought overseas, first for the King of Denmark 2nd Line and later the Princes of Orange. He seems to have been recalled to England at Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup the Restoration, and had a RoF there. Da. 2. N. Jydske 4-6 Cuir. 2006 Da. Eberstein N5-6 HI no pikes 2513 (2. Nørrejydske regiment ryttere) Eberstein’s IR, ObrLjt. Frederik Isenach commanding. 2nd Northern Jutland RoH, (three squadrons), raised earlier that year, Johan Brockenhuus commanding. Br. Groeben 3-7 Cuir. 2416 Generalwachtmeister Georg Heinrich von der Groeben’s CR (AKA Greving; two squadrons). Schack’s Corps: Center Infantry Wing Br. Quast 3-7 Cuir. 2417 WING COMMANDER: C. Ahlefeldt (0); Generalløjtnant Claus Generalwachtmeister Albrecht Christoph von Quast´s CR (two squadrons). Ahlefeldt (1614-1674) was a Danish officer and the brother of H. Ahlefeldt. Married to the youngest daughter of King Christian IV, Br. Kanitz 4-6 Cuir. 2418 Claus Ahlefeldt was favored by the king and received an enlisted ObrLt. Georg Friedrich von Kanitz’ DR, raised in 1655. See Special Rule 7. regiment of cavalry at the outbreak of the 1643-45 Torstenson War against Sweden. He fought in the 1657-1661 wars as well and was Du. Meteren 4-8 HI Bde 2419 second in command in Schack’s Corps during the Nyborg campaign. Kolonel Meteren’s IR (AKA Maistre). After the wars he was appointed commander of the Norwegian Da. Eberstein 4-6 Cuir. 2520 forces. Eberstein’s leib regiment (three squadrons), ObrLjt. Josias Breide Rantzau commanding. He and two other officers of this regiment were KIA and three Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup officers were WIA. Du. Killigrew 4-8 HI Bde w/ Arty 2107 Da. Artillery 2 x 4-14 4-8lb Arty Stacked with or See Killigrew above. adjacent to Ahlefeldt, Killigrew, or Eberstein HI units Du. Aloa 2 x 4-8 HI Bde w/ Arty 2108, 2109 14 guns: 6 x 6lb and 8 x 3lb (regimental) guns. The Danish artillery expended Kolonel Aloa´s IR (AKA Allowa), Sir Walther Vane commanding (Aloa was 200 rounds of 6lb ammunition and 200 rounds of 3lb ammunition during the ill). battle. A large part of the Danish artillery in Schack’s corps was slowed by the muddy roads and did not arrive in time for the battle. Du. Meteren 4-8 HI Bde 2110 Kolonel. Meteren’s IR (AKA Maistre).

Schack’s Corps: Left Cavalry Wing 2nd Line WING COMMANDER: Trampe (0); Generalmajor Joachim Frans Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup Trampe. Not much is known about this officer. He was appointed Ge. Livregem. 4-8 Cuir. 3216 oberst in the Danish army in 1657 while serving in the Spanish (Livregementet) Netherlands, and then served in Denmark in the wars against Sweden AKA Alt-Waldeck, GenLt. Bremer commanding. before being appointed a member of the new war council. In 1666 he was accused of disciplinary offenses, but was pardoned by the Ge. Königsmarck 4-8 Cuir. 3117 queen and discharged upon promising never to serve the enemies Count Conrad Christopher von Königsmarck (POW) commanding. of Denmark. His further fate is unknown. Center Infantry Wing 1st Line WING COMMANDER: Stenbock (–2); Fältmarskalk Gustav Otto Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup von Stenbock (1614-1685) served in the Thirty Years War and was Da. . N. Jydske 4-6 Cuir. 2112 appointed member of the royal council in 1652 and fältmarskalk in (1. Nørrejydske regiment ryttere) 1656. After the 1657-1658 war with Denmark he was made gov- 1st Northern Jutland RoH (three squadrons), raised earlier that year, Obr. Hans ernor-general of the newly conquered Scanian lands from 1658 to Friis commanding. 1664. After the Northern Wars he was chancellor of the University of Lund from 1666 to 1684 and chosen to be commander in chief Ge. Trampe 3-6 Cuir. 2114 of the Swedish Navy in 1664 even though he had no naval experi- Joachim Trampe’s enlisted CR from Holstein (two squadrons), ObrLjt. Christian Poulsen commanding. This regiment had been part of a force of 2000 cavalry ence. In 1676 he was removed from this position by a court for forced to serve under Sweden as part of the Roskilde settlement of 1658. mishandling his responsibilities. 2nd Line REPLACEMENT: Weyher (–1); Generalmajor Adam Weyher (?- 1676) was a Pomeranian officer who entered Swedish service during Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup the Thirty Years War. Remaining in Swedish service after that war, Da. 3. N. Jydske 4-6 Cuir. 2014 he was appointed commander of Warsaw during the Northern War (3. Nørrejydske regiment ryttere) of 1656 and was captured when the fortress surrendered. He was 3rd Northern Jutland RoH (three squadrons), raised earlier that year, Johan quickly exchanged however, and led a regiment of dragoons dur- Brockenhuus commanding. ing the 1657 invasion of Denmark. At the end of the war in 1661 he entered the service of Brunswick-Lüneburg until 1673 when he switched to Danish service. During the Scanian War he served Swedish Forces as second in command to Johan Adolf von Plön until he died in ARMY COMMANDER: Sulzbach (–2); Fältmarskalk Pfalzgraf October 1676. Phillip Florinus von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1630-1703) was a German nobleman and relative of the Swedish King. He entered Swedish Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup service in 1655 as överste of an enlisted regiment of cavalry. He Sv. Musketeers L1-4 LI 3108 quickly rose in the ranks, and was promoted to fältmarskalk when Commanded muskets from the infantry battalions. he was appointed supreme commander of the Swedish forces on Fünen. He was known as a skilled warrior and an energetic leader Ge. Schmidt 5-7 HI 3109 of men, and famously killed eight opponents during the battle of Övr. Johan Schmidt commanding. Nyborg, including the Polish Colonel Piaseczynski and Oberstløjt- Sv. Kruse 5-7 HI 3110 nant Rantzau from Eberstein’s Leib regiment. AKA the Kalmar IR, Övr. Kruse commanding. Right Cavalry Wing Sv. Skytte 5-7 HI 3112 Includes Vavasour’s English troops. WING COMMANDER: Bötticher (–1); Generalmajor Hans Böt- ticher (AKA Beddeker; KIA). Sv. Taube 5-7 HI 3114 Not the same regiment as the one in the Right Wing. 1st Line Sv. Musketeers L1-4 LI 3014 Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup Commanded muskets from the infantry battalions. Ge. Öffener 4-8 Cuir. 3015 Övr. Georg Friedrich Öffener commanding. Sv. Artillery 2 x 4-14 4-8lb Arty Stacked with or adja- 8 field guns (probably 6 lb). cent to an HI unit Ge. Weimar 4-8 Cuir. 3016 Övr. Duke Adolph Wilhelm von Saxe-Weimar commanding. Left Cavalry Wing Ge. Bötticher 4-8 Cuir. 3017 WING COMMANDER: Horn (–1); Generallöjtnant Baron Henrik Generalmajor Hans Bötticher´s CR. Horn (1618-1693) was a Swedish officer with estates in Livonia. He became an överste (colonel) in 1643 and by 1657 he was commander Ge. Taube 3-7 Cuir. 3018 of the army in Finland and a member of the royal council. After the Taube’s DR (AKA Leib), GenLt. Henrik Johan Taube commanding. Northern Wars he was promoted fältmarskalk in 1665 and governor- Ge. Weidenbach L2-6 LI 2918 general of Bremen-Verden in 1666. During the Scanian War he lost GenLt. Wolf Albrecht Weidenbach’s DR. The regiment fought dismounted here. control of Bremen-Verden to the massive Coalition invasion force

© 2010 GMT Games, LLC Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II in 1676, and he was appointed commander in chief of the Swedish • All three Wing Commanders in Schack’s Corps start the game as Navy in 1677 despite having no naval experience. He regained his Finished. post in Bremen-Verden in 1680 after the Scanian War. • Schack must set up stacked with a unit in his corps. REPLACEMENT: Waldeck (0); Generalmajor Johann II von 7. Coalition Option: Replace the Kanitz 4-6 Cuir. unit in Eberstein’s Waldeck- Landau (1623-1668) was the only higher officer on the Wing with the two Kanitz L2-6 LI units, and set them up in or Swedish side who wasn´t known as a hardened and experienced adjacent to hex 2418. This option costs no Victory Points. (Some warrior. sources state that this unit fought dismounted.) 1st Line 8. Swedish Option: Add a 4-8lb artillery battery to the Swedish Left Wing. It can setup on, or adjacent to, any unit of that wing. This Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup option costs no Victory Points. (Some sources state that an artillery Ge. Waldeck 4-8 Cuir. 3205 battery was supporting the Swedish left wing. The advantage of Generalmajor Waldeck´s CR (AKA Jung-Waldeck). having a gun on the left wing is balanced out by the extra VPs the Allies can earn if they should capture it.) Ge. Horn 4-8 Cuir. 3206 Generalleutnant. Baron Henrik Horn´s CR. Start Time: 11:00 AM (Turn 1) Ge. Peter 4-8 Cuir. 3207 Maximum Duration: 12 turns (through the end of the 2:40 PM Övr. Peter von Kiesel (AKA Colonel Peter) commanding. turn, Turn 12, when the sun began to set) Ge. Schönleben 4-8 Cuir. 3208 Övr. Johan Benedikt von Schönleben´s CR, formerly Count Phillip von Solms- Historical Starting Orders: Hungern´s Regiment. Allies (see Special Rule 6): • Quast & Eberstein: Start under Charge Orders 2nd Line • Right, Center, and Left: Start under Receive Charge Orders & Nat. Unit Ratings Type Setup Finished Ge. Tauer 3-8 Cuir. 3405 Swedes: All Wings start under Make Ready Orders Formerly known as Markgraf Carl Magnus of Baden-Durlach´s CR (330 men), ÖvrLt. Hans von Tauer commanding. Victory Conditions: Ge. Engels 4-7 Cuir. 3407 VPs Type of Victory Övr. Hans Heinrich Engels commanding. 41 or more Decisive Swedish Victory 16 to 40 Marginal Swedish Victory Special Rules: –14 to 15 Draw 1. Slopes: All slopes hexsides are gentle for purposes of 10.9.3. –34 to –15 Marginal Coalition Victory 2. Retreat Edges: –35 or less Decisive Coalition Victory • The Swedish retreat edge is the southeastern (42xx) edge. • The Coalition retreat edge is the northwestern (10xx) edge. Basic Victory Levels: Coalition: 3. Senior Wing Commanders: Type Points in Play Losses • Allies: Eberstein then C. Ahlefeldt Horse 80 40 • Swedes: Stenbock then Horn Foot 45 10 4. Special Terrain: Treat both the Juelsberg Manor (hex 2320) and ______Artillery 20 0 the church outside of Hjulby (hex 1307) as village hexes. Total 245 50 5. Coalition Command Rivalry: The AC (Schack) does not activate Swedish: when wings of Eberstein’s Corps activate, nor can he affect units or WCs of those 2 wings. He may stack with any friendly units, Type Points in Play Losses however. This rule applies only to Schack and not to either of his Horse 20 60 replacements. Foot 20 20 6. Eberstein’s Uncoordinated Attack: The aggressive Eberstein ______Artillery 20 20 was insistent on attacking the Swedish position so as to provoke a Total 60 100 battle that the more cautious Schack would be forced to intervene in. The following rules reflect this situation: Historical Outcome: A Decisive Coalition Victory with a VP dif- • Eberstein´s Wing may not attempt to change Orders until after a ferential of –50. unit of that wing has moved adjacent to a Swedish unit. Quast’s Swedish Points: 50 Wing may not attempt to change Orders until after a unit of that Coalition Points:100 wing has moved adjacent to a Swedish unit. Result: 50 – 110 = –50

made vengeful enemies of all its neighbors in the Baltic region. In A HISTORICAL NARRATIVE addition, the Northern Wars of 1655-1661 saw Sweden engaged OF THE SCANIAN WAR with Poland (itself engulfed in a bitter civil war following the Cos- sack rebellion), Muscovy (which also fought against Poland until DESIGNER’S NOTES: The following narrative of the Scanian War 1667), Denmark (twice), Brandenburg (after the Elector abandoned supplements (but does not duplicate) the historical notes before his Swedish alliance and joined Poland), and the United Provinces each scenario. It therefore contains more information about the (following Sweden´s unprovoked attack on Denmark shortly after periods and places not covered in the battle descriptions and only the two countries had made peace). briefly describes the events around the battles included in the game. Despite its rather desperate situation at the end of these wars, the When reading the battle descriptions I recommend that players resulting peace settlements resulted in Sweden expanding its terri- consult the maps included here, as this will give them a better idea tory even further. Sweden acquired the Scanian provinces of Skåne, of what’s going on. Likewise, I hope this narrative gives players Halland, and Blekinge, thus breaking the exclusive Danish control the opportunity to see the battles they are gaming in their greater over the Sound. The maritime powers refused to support Danish historical context and get a better understanding about this little claims to regain the provinces lost in the first war with Sweden known period in Baltic history. (1657-58) as they didn´t want any of the Scandinavian kingdoms to control both sides of the Sound. This disastrous outcome served All dates are in the old style (Julian) calendar. Also, Scania as used as a catalyst for the introduction of absolutism in Denmark in 1660, here indicates the region that includes the provinces of Halland, wide-scale reforms, and a strong desire for revenge. Blekinge, and Skåne itself. The Larger European Context The Road to War After the Thirty Years War and the Northern Wars Sweden was in- Scandinavian and Baltic Rivalry creasingly isolated in Europe, surrounded by states wishing to undo its gains. As a consequence, Sweden maintained a strong army at Sweden and Denmark had been bitter rivals in the struggle for all times. However, because this was more expensive than Sweden supremacy for the Baltic ever since Sweden broke out of the Dan- ish-dominated Kalmar Union in 1524. Both sought to control the cities at the mouths of the great rivers where trade flowed from the cities within Germany and Poland. But the single biggest prize of the Baltic lay just outside the Danish capital of Copenhagen. In the 17th century the Baltic region was rich in natural resources and contained the trading centers of Riga and Danzig. All ships carrying goods and money between Western Europe and the Baltic had to pass through the narrow Danish- controlled Sound and pay the much resented Sound tolls to the Danish kings. This income made the Danish monarchs among the richest men in Europe, and made control of the Sound a critical objective of both Scandinavian monarchs as well as a matter of great importance to the rulers of the maritime powers of Europe. Sweden had expanded its empire greatly in the eastern Baltic during its wars with Muscovy and Poland-Lithuania in the early 17th century. Its intervention in the Thirty Years War, as well as its war with Denmark in 1643-45, resulted in further territorial gains in Northern Germany, Norway, and the Baltic, but also meant that Sweden had

© 2010 GMT Games, LLC Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II and its empire could afford, the country was forced to ally with any The situation at the start of the war country willing to subsidize its army. For most of the post-1648 period this meant an alliance with France. As many of Sweden’s and events in 1674-75 rivals in the Baltic, and in particularly Denmark, made the acquisi- tion of Swedish lands a top priority, they invariably allied with those The German Theater countries opposed to Sweden´s ally so as to be assured of support In late December 1674 the Swedish army invaded Brandenburg with in a future war with Sweden. a 16,000 strong army. The invasion was mostly unopposed as the In 1672 France, with support from England, invaded the Dutch Brandenburg army was fighting the French on the Rhine. Despite Republic. The Dutch initially fought alone but were soon joined by this, the invading army moved slowly and soon went into winter the Duke of Lorraine, The Holy Roman Emperor, and the King of quarters as their logistical situation was poor, made worse by the Spain in the Quadruple Alliance. When Friedrich Wilhelm, the Elec- hostile attitude of the population who responded by burning stores tor of Brandenburg, joined the coalition against France in 1674, the and avoiding contact with the Swedes. French began to put pressure on the Swedes to attack Brandenburg The 1675 campaign saw the Swedes move deeper into Branden- while its army was away to take that country out of the coalition burg territory. In June one Swedish force was operating west of and ease the pressure on France. Berlin while another was at Havelsberg when news arrived that the There was no enthusiasm in Sweden for going to war, and its leaders Brandenburg army had returned from the west and was marching would have preferred to stay out of the Franco-Dutch conflict and towards them. By skilful and decisive manoeuvre and force march- instead consolidate their holdings in Germany and Scania. To do that, ing the Brandenburg Elector managed to get his 5600 cavalry and however, would have meant the end of French subsidies, without dragoons between the two Swedish forces and attacked one of them which the Swedes could not maintain the large army upon which unsupported at Fehrbellin on June 18. (See the description with everything depended. So when Louis XIV tugged his purse strings the Fehrbellin scenario.) The resulting battle saw the 7000 strong Sweden duly followed and invaded Brandenburg in December 1674, Swedish army withdraw, but neither side suffered high losses. The thereby starting what would become known as the Scanian War. ensuing retreat and pursuit by the Brandenburg army, however, shattered Swedish morale because their myth of invincibility was also a victim of the battle.

The battle of Fehrbellin helped persuade King Christian V of Den- The War at Sea mark to join in the war, and in late summer he dispatched an army As the Swedish army in Germany was dependent on supplies, money of 19,000 men under Adam Weyher towards Pomerania through and troops from Sweden, the role of the Swedish navy was critical neutral Mecklenburg. The Danish King was present with the main to success from the start of the war. As Brandenburg did not have a army and his constant interference in command was to be a constant navy with which to interdict Swedish shipping the Swedish lines of problem for the Danish army throughout the war. communications across the southern Baltic were secure at the start of After having forced the passage of the Recknitz River, the main the war. This situation changed dramatically when Denmark entered army moved against the town of Stralsund in Pomerania. A com- the war in August 1675 following the Battle of Fehrbellin. bined attack of the Danish and Brandenburg armies on Stralsund At the beginning of the war the Swedish navy outnumbered the was requested by the Elector but declined by King Christian V, who Danish navy by 18 ships of the line to 16 and by 21 frigates to 11. saw greater gains from a separate campaign. He instead invested In addition, the Swedish navy bolstered their forces by employing the town of Wismar, a Swedish possession strongly fortified on the merchant ships converted to warships, while the Danish navy would coast in the middle of the Mecklenburg States. After a difficult and be reinforced from its allies as the Dutch sent a small fleet to assist very costly siege the town was successfully stormed on December them for most of the war. 13, after which the Danish main army was pulled back to Denmark to recover and reorganize. Although outnumbered, the Danish navy had some significant advantages over its Swedish adversary. Its ships were generally The Duchy of Bremen-Verden in the western part of the German newer and better maintained, and its crews more experienced from theater was poor, but strategically located on the estuary of the riv- previous service on Dutch ships. The main base of the Danish fleet, ers Elbe and Weser, which granted its owner a considerable income Copenhagen, was ice free for most of the year and was located close from tariffs. It was important to the Elector of Brandenburg that the to the important sea lanes of the southern Baltic. In comparison, the duchy and the Swedish forces there were neutralized so as not to Swedish naval base of Stockholm was located far from the theater, become a threat to his planned occupation of Swedish Pomerania. the port was closed by ice until April, and any ships sailing from He was prepared to abandon any claims to the area in order to the port were troubled by unfavorable winds for most of the year. achieve this gain. The Swedish navy was also disadvantaged by inexperienced and The duchy was defended by a 4500 strong army under Fältmarskalk incompetent leadership for most of the war, while the Danish and Henrik Horn. It was invaded in September by a slightly smaller army Dutch fleets were led by experienced men. from Münster, soon reinforced by a Danish contingent of 2800 men, The Danish plans were to cover the waters between the islands of 2000 troops from Brandenburg, and 3000 from Lüneburg. At year Bornholm and Rügen and give battle if the Swedes tried to cross end all fortified places in Bremen, except the main town of Stade, this line. In addition the navy was to blockade the only Swedish had fallen to the coalition. port in the area, Göteborg, to prevent it from being used as a source of supplies and reinforcements for the Swedish possessions of Bre- The Norwegian Theater men-Verden in northwestern Germany. The Norwegian army was under the command of Gyldenløve, the Danish governor of Norway. At the start of hostilities it had a strength The Swedish King´s instructions to his fleet were very ambitious. of 12,000 so it was not short of men, but it was short of supplies He ordered the fleet to sail into the southern Baltic and secure the and equipment. The majority of the army was stationed in southern lines of communications between Sweden and its possessions in Norway near the border to Bohuslän province, a former Danish- Pomerania as well as the port of Wismar. In addition, it was to seek Norwegian province. The rest of the long border between Norway battle with the Danish navy and cut it off from its main base of and Sweden was lightly manned by both sides as the harsh terrain Copenhagen. Once these tasks were completed it was to maintain meant that it was only necessary to garrison a few chokepoints to control of the Sound and the belts and attack Dutch shipping in deny access to large enemy formations. Danzig and Königsberg. Not until October did the army receive the needed shipments of Events soon revealed these instructions to have been overly opti- weapons, gunpowder, and clothes that Gyldenløve needed to con- mistic. In October, after just two weeks at sea and before making duct his planned offensive southwards. After repelling some minor contact with the enemy, the fleet was forced to turn back to Stock- Swedish incursions, the Norwegian army marched into Bohuslän holm due to illness and bad weather. Despite angry letters from the province. However, a shortage of food forced the army to retreat King urging it to action it stayed in port for the rest of the year. The back across the Norwegian border in December and enter winter Swedish squadron in Göteborg didn´t live up to expectations either, quarters. At roughly the same time the Swedish king abandoned his as lack of supplies prevented its departure until after the port was plan of transferring his army across the Sound in order to force a blockaded by the Danes. quick end to the war by taking Copenhagen, and marched north to The unfortunate performance of the Swedish fleet in 1675 thus gave attack Norway instead. the Danes control over the waters between Sweden and its German In January 1676 the Swedish army made raids into Värmland to possessions. This would have catastrophic consequences for the out- force the Norwegians out of southeast Norway, but failed as the numbered Swedish forces in Germany after their defeat at Fehrbellin Norwegians responded by raiding the already pillaged Bohuslän and the entry of Danish forces in the war in Germany province and Dalsland. As a result of this the Swedish supply situation worsened and they were forced to enter winter quarters them- selves. When spring came the Swedish King Karl XI decided to quit his Norwegian plan and instead relocated the army to Scania

quarters. Thus, 1676 ended with the Swedes still in control of the Events in 1676 two most important towns in Pomerania, Stettin and Stralsund. The German Theater In Bremen-Verden the coalition army opposing the strong fortress of The Scanian Theater Stade was bolstered by reinforcements from Brunswick-Lüneburg, On June 29, 1676, a Danish army of 14,000 men crossed the Sound Münster, and Denmark throughout April, bringing its numbers to and invaded Scania at Råå, a town a little to the south of Helsingborg. 12,000 men. During May this force managed to isolate the town by This was a very well planned amphibious landing that succeeded taking a number of important redoubts linking the town to the Elbe without any mishaps as it was virtually unopposed. The Swedish River. This occurred just days before the arrival of a Swedish relief forces in the Scanian lands only numbered 7000 men including all force sent by sea from Göteborg, which was then unable to reach the garrisons, so the small field army abandoned Skåne and Blekinge town. The ensuing isolation lead to widespread hunger and disease and retreated northwards, leaving the fortified towns of Malmö, during June and July, and on August 3 the fortress surrendered, Helsingborg, Landskrona and Kristianstad to their fate. leaving the entire province in coalition hands. Helsingborg was taken soon after the invasion, but sadly for the Apart from a small occupation force, the coalition army was split Danes one of the best Danish generals, Niels Rosenkrantz, was up and sent to reinforce the war effort elsewhere. The Danish forces killed in the action. On August 2 Landskrona was taken, and on were sent to Denmark and Scania, the Münster force and elements August 15 Kristianstad was taken as well. Only Malmö remained in of the Brunswick force were sent westwards to join the Imperial Swedish hands. The Danish Navy conducted further minor landings army fighting France, while the rest of the Brunswick army marched along the southern and eastern coast and took the minor towns of east to join the Elector of Brandenburg in Pomerania. The coalition Christianopel and Karlshamn. members subsequently divided Bremen-Verden between them, with Denmark taking the western part, the Duke of Brunswick-Celle the So far everything had succeeded for the Danes. In addition to the eastern, and the Bishop of Münster the southern part. This arrange- problems caused by the Danish army the Swedish control of the ment would prove to be short-lived, however, as the peace treaties provinces was threatened by a revolt of some of the rural popula- at the end of the war returned the province to Swedish hands. tion of Skåne and Blekinge. A very bloody guerrilla war ensued, called The War of the Snaphances (after the word for an early type In Pomerania, in the eastern part of the German Theater, the coalition of flintlock used by the guerrillas of Skåne and Gønge in this and forces stayed in their winter quarters late into the spring which lead earlier wars). the Swedish commander Königsmarck to exploit the situation and The string of victories caused the Danish King Christian V to become take the offensive. The Swedish main army in Germany was small, overly optimistic and a small corps of 3500 men under Duncan was as the need to garrison the fortresses of Stralsund, Greifswalde, Dem- surprised and wiped out by the Swedish main army at Halmstad min, Anclam, and Stettin as well as keeping an observation force in August, when it was advancing unsupported northwards to link on the island of Rügen tied up large numbers of men. Königsmarck up with the Norwegian army. (See the description of the Halmstad had been promised reinforcements from Sweden, but decided to scenario.) begin operations without them, and in May Königsmarck advanced towards Wolgast castle and placed it under siege. In early fall King Christian V decided, against the advice of the army commander, to go into winter quarters instead of seeking a decisive The Brandenburg army was very slow to react and was not as- battle with the much smaller Swedish army. This resulted in a crisis sembled and ready to move until the end of June at Parchim. The first of command and led to Christian V assuming direct control of the Brandenburg attempt to relieve Wolgast was repulsed on the island army after the resignation of the Duke of Plön. of Usedom. However, news of the Swedish naval defeat off Öland (see the War at Sea, below) forced Königsmarck to retreat behind Once more the energetic Swedish king took the initiative and against the line of Anclam-Demmin-Triebsee Pass to conserve his army as all odds attacked the Danish winter quarters at Lund on December he realized that reinforcements would not be forthcoming after all. 4, winning a decisive victory against the Danes. (See the description On July 7 the Elector of Brandenburg attacked the Triebsee Pass of the Lund scenario.) Following the battle the Danish main army and after fierce fighting the Swedish army was forced to retreat and had to retreat to Sjælland and shortly after the town of Helsingborg abandon the siege of Wolgast. The Brandenburg army subsequently surrendered to the Swedes, leaving only Kristianstad and Landskrona laid siege to both Anclam and Demmin. After having repulsed a in Danish hands at year’s end. Brandenburg storm with heavy losses to both sides, the garrison of Anclam surrendered the fortress on August 26 in exchange for free The Norwegian Theater passage. The siege of Demmin was longer as it did not become effective until late September with the arrival, from Bremen-Verden, The campaign plan for the Norwegian army in 1676 was to support of General von Ende’s Brunswick troops. As at Anclam, the garrison the planned Danish invasion into Skåne by advancing south towards of Demmin surrendered the fortress in October and was granted free Göteborg once again. By early June the army moved south and cap- passage after having repulsed an assault of the fortress. tured Uddevalla and Vänersborg, but an outbreak of disease slowed the offensive and caused heavy attrition. Out of a force of 7000 in In the meantime the Elector and the main Brandenburg army had June, around 3000 were sick by August. Gyldenløve therefore con- arrived before the gates of Stettin, one of the main ports and for- centrated his efforts on the fortress of Båhus, but he was unable to tresses of Swedish Pomerania. The fortress was strongly garrisoned coordinate his efforts with the navy. He was soon forced to abandon and stocked, and the garrison actively supported by the pro-Swedish the siege and retreat back towards Norway when rumors arrived of citizens. This, combined with the coming onset of winter, convinced a Swedish relief army. This early retreat allowed the Swedish king the Elector to abandon his siege after a month and go into winter to concentrate his efforts on the Danish army which was a major factor in the coming winter campaign in Skåne.

The War at Sea Elector began a long methodical siege that lasted until the attackers managed to breach the town walls on December 10, forcing von After the successes on land in Germany in 1675 the Danish objec- Wulffen to surrender. tives for 1676 was an invasion across the Sound and the conquest of the Scanian provinces. A prerequisite for this was naval superiority In addition to the effort against Stettin the coalition made plans of the southern Baltic, and in support of this goal the Danish navy against Stralsund, and in September 1677 a combined coalition landed troops on the Swedish island of Gotland in late April 1676 force made an amphibious assault on the island of Rügen just to that successfully took the island. Another step towards achieving the north of Stralsund. They quickly overran the small Swedish naval superiority over the larger Swedish navy was the departure garrison and conquered the entire island except for a small Swedish of a Dutch auxiliary fleet to reinforce the Danes. bridgehead at the Neuefähr sconce (a redoubt or earthwork). The coalition force left to garrison the island was inadequately supplied The instructions to the Swedish navy were again very ambitious. and subsequently lost many troops to illness during the fall and They were to seek the nearest way to the Sound and defeat the Dan- winter because of unsound quarters. ish navy before it could combine with the Dutch and defeat the two navies piecemeal. After this they were to transfer several thousand men to support their army in Pomerania. Unfortunately the fleet The Scanian Theater was not ready to sail before early May and didn´t reach the waters During the late winter and spring of 1677 the Swedes took advantage around Bornholm before May 25. By this time the Danes had been of the absence of Danish opposition to deal with the threat caused reinforced by the Dutch auxiliary fleet of eight ships of the line. by the Snaphance guerrillas across the Scanian provinces. The Nevertheless, the Swedish navy with its 38 ships and a total of 2062 Swedes energetically and ruthlessly pursued the guerrillas, killing guns was still considerably larger than the Danish-Dutch fleet of 35 and burning anything and anyone who was connected with the ships with a total of 1675 guns. But despite this they were foiled by Snaphances and forcing the towns and villages to sign declarations the superior leadership and maneuverability of their opponents in of loyalty to the Swedish crown. The remaining Snaphance bands the Battle of Bornholm on May 24-25. responded in kind, which only served to aggravate the conditions of the populace in general. The presence of such a large Swedish fleet was a In the spring of 1677 the Danish army was transferred back to Scania, large threat for the planned and soon again controlled large parts of the province. In May, King invasion across the Sound Christian disembarked 12,000 men at Landskrona, forcing King into Scania, and it was Karl to give up his siege of Kristianstad. A new high commander of therefore imperative that the Danish forces, Baron Joachim Rüdiger Freiherr von der Goltz, the Swedish fleet be driven was appointed, as the King apparently found his own abilities as a away from the waters near general to be flawed. Unfortunately, Goltz was no more able than the Sound. The Danish main fleet was reinforced by a Dutch auxiliary his predecessor to stop the court intrigues and meddling in military fleet and managed to catch up with the Swedes off the coast of Öland affairs. on June 1. The ensuing battle was characterized by bad leadership on the Swedish side and ended in an overwhelming victory for the The two armies met outside Landskrona. Despite having more than Danish-Dutch fleet. That fleet lost no major ships but managed to a 2-1 superiority in numbers the Danish king hesitated long enough sink five Swedish ships of the line including the flagship. The Swed- to allow the Swedish army time to retreat after the Swedish king´s ish fleet was pursued all the way back to Stockholm where it stayed advisors had persuaded him of the folly of fighting at such odds. the rest of the year, so the seas were now secure for the invasion of The Danish army then moved south and invested Malmö, but a pre- Scania. On June 27 a minor force made a diversionary landing at mature attack on the town on the night of June 25/26 was repulsed Ystad on the southern coast of Sweden and two days later, on June with heavy losses. (See the description of the Malmö scenario.) Fol- 29, the navy was available to escort the 14,000 troops mentioned lowing this the siege was abandoned and the Danish army retreated above that invaded at Råå. back towards Landskrona. Upon hearing of the Danish repulse, the Swedish King immediately moved to intercept the Danes before Livonia they could be reinforced. He was too late, however, and in the Needing reinforcements on all fronts, the Swedish King Karl XI ensuing battle of Landskrona on July 14 the Danish army fielded prepared to transfer the forces in Sweden´s Baltic provinces to the a strong auxiliary contingent of Imperial, Münster and Hessian German or Scanian theaters. After the death of the Russian Tsar troops. Despite this, the battle was a major Swedish victory that Alexis in 1676, it became possible that this could be achieved demonstrated the superiority of the Swedish troops and leadership. without fear of Russian incursions, and the Swedes began to gather (See the description of the Landskrona scenario.) and equip an army near Riga in Livonia After the defeat the Danes retreated into the safety of Landskrona and from there transferred most of the army back to Sjælland. Events in 1677 The Swedes blockaded the town, and then moved on to besiege Kristianstad. The German Theater In July the Elector of Brandenburg resumed the siege of Stettin at The Danish army made no further attempt to contest Scania in the head of a Brandenburg-Danish- Lüneburg force of 20,000 men 1677 apart from a minor relief operation that succeeded in bring- backed up by considerable siege artillery. Stettin was defended by ing reinforcements into Kristianstad. The Swedes were content to Generalmajor von Wulffen and 2300 troops reinforced by a citizen besiege Kristianstad as they lacked the strength to take the Danish militia and the garrison resisted stubbornly. Consequently, the coastal fortresses. Following the many disappointments of the year the Danish commander von der Goltz was sacked.

The Norwegian Theater Livonia Gyldenløve and the Norwegian forces were very successful in 1677. The Swedish plans for raising a new army in Livonia for service in During the summer they took the fortresses of Marstrand and Karl- Germany or Scania was dealt a harsh blow as a massive fire ravaged sten and subsequently defeated the Swedes in the battle of Uddevalla. Riga, destroying all the depots and equipment for the army. The battle was the biggest of the war on the Norwegian theatre and saw a Danish-Norwegian army of 5600 men completely rout a Swed- ish army under de la Guardie of 3000 men, of which around half were Events in 1678 peasant militia. The Norwegian army also occupied the provinces Events in Europe of Bohus and Jämtland, but was forced to leave the latter and turn In August 1678, France and the Dutch Republic signed the Treaties home when a stronger Swedish force appeared in the fall. of Nijmegen, ending Dutch participation in the Franco-Dutch war. Sweden was not part of the treaty, but a paragraph in the treaty forced The War at Sea the Dutch Republic to take a neutral approach toward Sweden, and The battle off Öland in 1676 knocked the Swedish navy out only the treaty therefore meant the end of any Dutch naval assistance to temporarily. They still had a large navy and every intention of us- the Danes in the Scanian War. ing it in the coming year. In the spring the Göteborg squadron was ordered to cut the connection between Denmark and Norway and The German Theater then to sail through the Belts and unite with the Swedish main fleet The threat to Stralsund of the coalition hold on Rügen and the in the Baltic. The instructions for the main fleet were to set sail as weakened state of the coalition forces on the island had not escaped soon as possible in order to defeat the enemy navy and relieve the the Swedish commander Königsmarck. In January he stripped the hard-pressed fortress of Stettin in Pomerania before the arrival of garrison of Stralsund to the minimum and took his army across the the Dutch auxiliary fleet. Despite this, the Swedish main fleet didn´t narrow strip of water and landed on the island. He retook the island go to sea until June 9. after the battle at Warksow on January 8, 1678, and forced half of the coalition garrison force into Swedish service, greatly increasing The Danish situation in the spring of 1677 was serious. After the his strength. (See the description of the Warksow scenario.) defeats on land at Halmstad and Lund the army had been forced to transfer to Sjælland to reorganize. This underlined the importance In September the Danes and Brandenburgers made a new attempt of maintaining the superiority at sea if the Scanian fortresses were against the island as they landed more than 15,000 men on the is- to be held and if the army was to make a new attempt at conquering land. The Bishop of Münster’s offer of troops was declined as King the Scanian provinces. While the departure of the Dutch auxiliary Christian of Denmark thought the island was too small to share in fleet was delayed, the Danish fleet was able to set sail before the a subsequent peace settlement. The Swedish counterattacks were Swedish. The Danes intercepted the small Göteborg squadron and repelled by the numerically larger coalition forces so Königsmarck annihilated it off the island of Møn it before it could reinforce the began evacuating the island through the Neuefähr and Altefähr main fleet. sconces. The Brandenburg forces successfully stormed one of the sconces while the garrison of the other, which consisted mainly of Attention now turned to the former Danish prisoners from the first Rügen expedition, mutinied Swedish main fleet. A Danish against their Swedish officers and surrendered the sconce. defeat at sea at this time would have grave consequences for With the coalition firmly in control of Rügen, their next objective the army in Scania as it pre- was Stralsund, which was subsequently besieged in late September. pared for the siege of Malmö. The siege did not last long and the town surrendered on October 15, For this reason the King urged as their situation was by then hopeless. The only remaining Swedish the fleet to guard the Sound and controlled town in all of Pomerania at that point was Greifswald, remain on the defensive until and it surrendered shortly after following a brief siege. the Dutch fleet arrived. But the Swedish navy took the initia- The Scanian Theater tive before the Dutch arrived and attacked the Danish fleet on July In Scania the Danish army once again went on the offensive and 1. In the decisive Battle of Køge Bay a Swedish fleet of 22 ships of moved towards Helsingborg. On the 27th of June the town com- the line, four frigates, and eight converted merchantmen with a total mander was lured by a false letter into a quick surrender, and after of 1745 guns was defeated by a Danish fleet of 20 ships of the line this the field army moved towards Kristianstad to relieve the town, and seven frigates with 1320 guns. The Swedes lost eight ships of which had been besieged since the previous year and was running the line while the Danes lost no ships. out of supplies. They soon made contact with the Swedish army deployed in a strong blocking position on the approaches to the This massive victory meant that the Danes controlled the seas for town. As his advisors and generals urged him not to attack such a the rest of the year, and after the defeat at Landskrona on land the strong position, King Christian V took the army back to Landskrona Danish King was eager to exploit this situation in order to achieve and all hope of relieving Kristianstad disappeared. The depleted some gains outside of Scania. The navy was duly ordered to make a garrison duly surrendered on August 5 after seeing the departure number of minor raids against the coast of Småland and the island of of the Danish army. Öland where the landing parties succeeded in pillaging and burning supplies, but without having noticeable effect on the war at land. In The Danish king blamed the fall of Kristianstad on Friedrich September the Danish navy transported without Swedish interference Arensdorff, the commander of the Danish army. Arensdorff was a joint coalition force to the island of Rügen, where it quickly took sacked and the former Münster general Wedel was appointed to control of most, but not all, of the island. take his place.

The rest of the year passed quietly as the Danish and Swedish main After a tiring march the Swedish army reached Tilsit and set up armies remained passive and the war devolved into vicious small camp while they took stock of the situation. Horn was skeptical of scale fighting in the countryside as both sides launched raids against the feasibility of the venture after the fall of Stettin and Stralsund and each other and against the hapless population. the lack of Polish support. King Karl XI agreed with his concerns and instead ordered him to conserve his army and await reinforce- The Norwegian Theater ments before moving on Königsberg. In the spring of 1678 the Norwegian army was asked to take Göte- This left the initiative with the Elector of Brandenburg who went borg with the help of several thousand Danish reinforcements, but on the offensive and, in a brilliantly conducted campaign of maneu- the delayed arrival of the reinforcements meant that the Swedes ver, forced the Swedes to retreat all the way back to Livonia under had ample time to strengthen the garrison and Gyldenløve therefore constant pursuit and with heavy losses. turned against the fortress of Båhus instead. However, he was soon forced to abandon the siege and retreat back to Udevalla due to low stocks of gunpowder and the arrival of a Swedish relief force. The Events in 1679 rest of the year was uneventful except for a short-lived Swedish Events in Europe incursion into Trondheim province. In January 1679 Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor, signed the Treaties of Nijmegen and concluded a separate peace with Louis The War at Sea XIV of France (and shortly after with Sweden as well) confirming As the Dutch were seeking to make peace with France they declined the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648, which included the cession of to send an auxiliary fleet to reinforce the Danes this year. Even Bremen-Verden and Swedish Pomerania to Sweden. though there would be no assistance, Danish confidence was high after the victories of the previous years. The orders for the navy were The weakness of the alliance between the Emperor and the Elector to support the army in its advance towards Kristianstad. In addition, of Brandenburg was demonstrated by the willingness of the Imperial it was to seek battle with the Swedish navy if it went to sea, and if it representatives to sign a separate peace, leaving Brandenburg and did not, the instructions were to prevent any shipping going in or out Denmark alone against France. Leopold I did not want Friedrich of Stockholm and create uncertainty by raiding along the coast. Wilhelm I to become a “new king of the Vandals in the Baltic” nor did he want the Scanian War to disturb his negotiations with France. In 1678 command of the Swedish navy was passed to Hans Wacht- However, insincere commitment to the alliance was certainly not a meister, and for the first time during the war the Swedish navy was purely Imperial trait as Friedrich Wilhelm I had his diplomats offer now commanded by an officer with knowledge of and experience in France unconditional support, including military support against naval warfare. The orders for the navy were to sail from Stockholm the Holy Roman Emperor, in return for Louis XIV letting him keep if a good opportunity presented itself and, if at all possible, to bring Swedish Pomerania. Furthermore, Friedrich Wilhelm I directly of- supplies to the hard pressed garrison at Stralsund fered Sweden “some tons of gold” for Swedish Pomerania along with military support against Denmark. After raiding the Swedish southern coast, the Danish fleet made contact with the Swedish main fleet in the waters south of Öland on Louis XIV, however, had no interest in the Brandenburg schemes. June 12. The Danes didn´t immediately initiate a battle, and the fol- To the contrary, he had a strong interest that Sweden would not lose lowing day the Swedish navy retreated to the safety of Kalmarsund. any territory as a consequence of her alliance and support for France. The Danish fleet thereby missed the only chance of a naval battle Friedrich Wilhelm I was told that Sweden would lose Stettin “no it would get that year, but effectively prevented the Swedes from more than Stockholm.” relieving Stralsund. With the Swedish navy blockaded in Kalmar- sund the Danish navy concentrated on transporting a new invasion The German Theater force to Rügen in September, as it had been decided to retake the island. As had been the case with the Rügen invasion of 1677, this After the Treaties of Nijmegen had ended the Franco-Dutch War, was done without interference from the Swedish navy. France was able to support Sweden directly. They therefore occupied the Brandenburg Duchy of Cleves on the lower Rhine, besieged Minden, and continued to march eastwards to liberate the Swedish Livonia and Prussia possessions occupied by the Coalition. Brandenburg, short of troops During 1678 the final preparations were made for the new Swedish in its western possessions and deprived of allies by the Nijmegen army in Livonia, consisting of over 11,000 men under the com- treaties, had no choice but to settle for peace with France. Conse- mand of Henrik Horn. With French mediation a deal was struck quently, a peace treaty was signed on June 19. with Poland giving the Swedes rights to pass through Poland from Livonia to Prussia as well as Polish logistical support to the army. Denmark now stood alone against Sweden and France. In light of This provided the Swedes an opportunity to take Königsberg and this new situation the Danish King Christian V gave up his hopes march on Berlin, thereby diverting Brandenburg forces away from of conquering Scania and transferred his main army to Schleswig- the hard-pressed Swedish forces in Pomerania. Holstein. He wanted to bolster as his southern provinces as well as his conquests from 1675 and 1676 that were now threatened by the In late September the long delayed expedition finally departed Riga. French army. A small French detachment was successfully repulsed However, the radically changed situation in Germany after the fall at Delmenhorst, but it was obvious that the superior French army of the last Swedish possessions in Pomerania gave the Poles second would prevail in the end, and accordingly a peace treaty was signed thoughts, and they began to back down on their promises of logistical between Denmark and France on August 25. support for the expedition.

The Scanian Theater but Sweden ratified the treaty on 28 July. The terms of the treaty included restoring Bremen-Verden and most of Swedish Pomerania In 1679 the Danish army several times tried to lure the Swedes into to Sweden in return for a consolation payment from Louis XIV open battle around Helsingborg, but the Swedish army refused to of France and the reversion of East Frisia. The French payment give battle as they didn´t want to risk their advantageous position at to Brandenburg was fixed at 300,000 talers to be paid within the this late stage in the war. As it proved impossible to force the Swed- following two years, but even this gain was subsequently reduced ish army into battle, the Danish army was subsequently transferred as France managed to have Brandenburg accept this sum to also to Germany to face the new threat from France. settle 900,000 talers of French debts. In addition, the Electorate of Brandenburg further gained the former Swedish eastern bank of the The Norwegian Theater Oder River except for Gollnow and Damm. Gollnow was pawned In Norway, General Gyldenløve decided to preempt a Swedish of- to Brandenburg for 50,000 talers, but was eventually bailed out by fensive by taking his army into the Swedish-controlled provinces of Sweden in 1693.The treaty also contained a paragraph that forbade Dalsland, Värmland, Herjedalen and Jemtland in mid February. The Dutch forces from garrisoning the Duchy of Cleves to ensure its Swedish forces in the area were in winter quarters further inland due vulnerability in any future conflict. to heavy frosts, and raiding columns under Duncan, Cicignon and Gyldenløve caused much devastation and won a small battle over The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is considered by some to the Swedes at Høgsäter Bridge at the end of the month. Following be “the worst political defeat” of Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I. He this the Norwegian army went back across the border. was forced by France to give away the Swedish portion of what he considered his rightful Pomeranian inheritance despite having In mid March the Swedes went into the offensive and advanced to conquered all of it during the war. This resembled the outcome of Udevalla. They unsuccessfully stormed the town and were subse- the Northern War about 20 years earlier, when Brandenburg likewise quently routed. Another attack with forces out of Jemtland province had been forced by France to return Swedish Pomerania to Sweden was also repelled. After this the Swedes regrouped and reinforced after conquering most of it. their forces and again advanced on Udevalla, besieging the town for a month before they were forced to retreat back to Göteborg Peace was negotiated between France (again on behalf of Sweden in late July by the arrival of Gyldenløve and the main part of the and without their representation) and Denmark at the Treaty of Norwegian army. Fontainebleau on August 23, 1679. Like the peace treaty between Sweden and Brandenburg, it was largely dictated by France and stipulated that all territory lost by Sweden during the war should The War at Sea be returned in exchange for minor war reparations. Thus the terms The nature of the war at sea changed in 1679 when the Netherlands, formulated at the Treaty of Copenhagen at the end of the Northern Spain, and the Emperor made peace with France and Sweden in Feb- Wars in 1660 remained in force. The French dictate was reaffirmed ruary despite the protest of Denmark and Brandenburg. The Danish by the Treaty of Lund in September, which was signed by both fleet had lost the support of the Dutch auxiliary fleet the year before Denmark-Norway and Sweden. and was now facing the prospect of possible hostile intervention by the French navy in the Baltic. When Brandenburg also appeared to As in Brandenburg, there was widespread anger and disappointment be making overtures to France it became obvious that the war was over the peace treaties in Denmark, as many felt the country had nearing its end and the Danish navy therefore tried to improve the been robbed of its gains during the war. For the pro-Danish elements situation before the coming peace talks by concentrating its effort of the Scanian population the result was tragic as they now faced on the Swedish main fleet in Kalmarsund and inflicting as much savage repression from the reinstated Swedish authorities. damage to it as possible. The Long Term Effects of the War The Swedish navy had sailed out from Kalmarsund with orders to remain in the area and await the possible arrival of the French The events leading to the Scanian War as well as the end of the war, navy before beginning any operation that could jeopardize the fleet. in particular the peace negotiations, mercilessly demonstrated to all Contact was made with the approaching Danish fleet on June 26 the countries in the Baltic that the days when they could conduct and Wachtmeister therefore took the Swedish fleet into Kalmarsund their foreign policy independently of the greater power struggles again without risking battle. The only result of the ensuing Danish raging in Europe were definitely over. The Baltic had become a blockade was the destruction of a single Swedish ship of the line fully-integrated part of the European balance of power, and even the that ran aground. regional great powers were still just pawns on the larger European chessboard. Livonia and Prussia The Scanian War was the first war in a long time where Sweden had In mid February he remnants of the Livonian army returned to Riga been on the defensive fighting in, or near, its own provinces. It had after its disastrous campaign against East Prussia. Only 2,000 men revealed that mighty Sweden was no longer invincible, and indeed remained of the11,000 that set out the year before. had shown how fragile the Swedish empire was, with its lands scat- tered across the Baltic. The war had resulted in more devastation of Swedish property and a higher rate of desertion compared to earlier The Aftermath of the War wars, and had revealed many fundamental weaknesses in the the way The Resulting Peace Treaties the Swedish economy, army and navy were organized. On June 19, 1679, France, on behalf of Sweden, and Brandenburg In an attempt to rectify these weaknesses and to increase Crown concluded the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, The treaty was income to pay the massive debts incurred during the war, the army´s negotiated and signed without Swedish representatives present, recruitment system was reorganized and and a procces of reduc-

© 2010 GMT Games, LLC 16 Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II tions, where former Crown land was returned to the Crown were pikes should be replaced with muskets, a change which probably did carried through in the 1680s. The increased income was spent on not happen before the war was over. The Swedes continued to use reinforcing the borders and on the new naval base of Karlskrona, pikes until the Great Northern War of 1700-1721, long after other which was situated much nearer to the vital sealanes that would be states had abandoned their use. Bayonets, first the plug and later the contested in any future war. The war and the following reforms of socket model, had been around in France and England since the mid the Swedish state also contributed to the introduction of absolutim 1600s but were not used at all in the Scanian war. in Sweden in 1682. Armor These reforms would provide Karl XI´s son Karl XII with a much The cavalry of both sides wore breast plates, but in what quantity more powerful state and army at the outbreak of the Great Northern is unknown. The Danish regulation in 1670 for the national cavalry War of 1699-1721. They enable him to win a series of spectacular regiments did not require the cavalry troopers to wear any armor. The victories against all the great powers of central and eastern Europe Swedes had polished armor while the Danes seem to have preferred before the inherent fragility of Sweden’s empire and the combined blackened breast plates. Swedish cavalry were issued buff coats strength of the coalition aligned against her finally ended Sweden’s made of elk skin, as was the Danish Hestgarden regiment. Infantry time on the European scene as a great power . and dragoons wore no armor at all, except for the officers. Uniforms THE WEAPONS OF THE In France, a gradual process had started in the 1660s to uniformly SCANIAN WAR dress regiments in the same coat and lining color. This habit found its way to the Nordic countries as well as Brandenburg. In the Scanian By David Ekberg War, armies were dressed in uniforms, with each different regiment Firearms having its own color. However, the same colors were used by both The matchlock musket remained the primary fire weapon of the sides and campaigning degraded the clothes so that battle insignia infantry, though it had been improved and reduced in weight com- had to be used to tell each other apart. pared to those used in the Thirty Years War. While fork rests were still regulation, they were most likely not in use at all and most of them likely found their way into camp fires. Flintlocks were slowly EXTENDED UNIT NOTES being introduced, a process accelerated by the war. Large quantities The following unit notes were too long to include in the setups. of flintlock weapons were imported by both sides during the war, such as Louis XIV’s gift to the Swedes of 890 pairs of flintlock pis- Danish/Coalition Units: tols in 1677. The flintlock musket was not adopted by the Swedish Hessian Expeditionary Force (Landskrona, Warksow): This army until 1690. The similar snaphance musket was in broader use, force was raised in 1677 by the Hessian-Cassel government and especially among the paramilitary guerrilla bands of northern Scania. consisted of one infantry regiment and one cavalry regiment. The A double lock mechanism, combining a match and flint or match and infantry regiment was the former Infantry Regiment Zur Brüggen, wheel, was also used by both sides, primarily by the Danes and by but was renamed when the Swiss Johann Ufm Keller was appointed Swedish dragoons. Cavalry had carbines, a short rifled wheellock commander after its former commander and several captains re- weapon slung over the shoulder, and wheellock or flintlock pistols. signed. Keller also became the OC of the Hessian Expeditionary Grenadiers, armed with bags full of explosive grenades, seem to Force. Although the cavalry regiment was a full cavalry regiment have been found in small numbers in the Danish Army, after the in organization it never received a real name, and was known just French fashion, but not in the Swedish. by the name of its commander. At Warksow, the cavalry regiment was commanded by Oberstleutnant Wilhelm von Hornumb, and Pikes consisted of about 320 men in 4 companies. At full strength each Pikes also remained in use, but their part of the total number in a company contained one rittmeister, one leutnant, one cornet, one battalion had dropped to about 20-25 percent. The pikes were 4 to 5 wachtmeister, one quartiermeister, three corporals, one trumpeter meters in length and weighed an average of 3.3 kg. They were made and 66 troopers in addition to the NCOs. of ash and painted black. The pike heads could be in various shapes, Schleswig-Holstein Infantry Regiment (Halmstad, Lund, Land- with the Swedes favoring a short square edge. Pikemen were armed skrona): This regiment was originally called the Schleswig-Holstein with straight infantry swords. In 1678 the Danish king ordered that Nationale Infanteriregiment. In June 1675 the regiment was doubled and then split into two. The companies of Schleswig formed one regiment called the Schleswig National Regiment of Foot or Plön after its commander, Duke Johan Adolf von Plön (who resigned as commander of the army in 1676). The companies of Holstein formed a new regiment called the Holstein Nationale Regiment. Prince Frederick’s Infantry Regiment (Lund, Malmö, Landsk- rona): Called the Black Regiment after its colors, it was an enlisted regiment raised in 1657 as Lübbe’s infantry regiment. It changed names several times after that, being known from 1676 as Prins Frederik’s infantry regiment. The regiment was almost completely destroyed at Lund, losing eight company standards and all but 200 men, and most of them were wounded. After Lund the regiment was

© 2010 GMT Games, LLC Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II 17 reinforced with 600 conscripted men from Jutland, 150 from Fünen Jany, C.: Geschichte der Preußischen Armee vom 15. Jahrhundert and 200 from Norway, and consisted of two battalions of 600 men bis 1914 - Vol. 1: Von den Anfängen bis 1740, Osnabrück 1967. each. One battalion was left as a garrison in Landskrona, so only (Fehrbellin) one battalion was present at Malmö, where it took very heavy losses Jensen, N.P.: Den skaanske krig 1675-1679, København 1900. and its commander, Thomas Meldrum, was wounded. At the Battle (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow) of Landskrona, it consisted of 554 men (434 rank and file) in two battalions, where it lost 218 KIA and 63 WIA. Knarrström, B.: Slagfältet, Saltsjö-Duvnäs 2006. (Landskrona) Mehnert, C.: Rathenow und Fehrbellin - Der Krieg des Großen Swedish Units: Kurfürsten gegen die Schweden in der Mark des Jahres 1675, Ra- The Royal Life Regiment (Halmstad, Lund, Landskrona): This thenow 1875. (Fehrbellin) regular regiment was formed in 1667 from the Uppland Regiment Rasmussen, H.F.: Fæstningskrigen 1675-1679 (En Redegørelse For of Horse. The regiment originally consisted of eight companies but Fæstningskrigen Under Den Skånske Krig 1675-1679), København was expanded to twelve in 1674. Six squadrons (or nine according 1975. (Malmö) to some sources) were present at Halmstad, five squadrons at Lund, Rockstroh, K.C.: Udviklingen af den Nationale Hær i Danmark i and seven at Landskrona. det 17. og 18. Aarhundrede - Volumes I&II, København 1909-26. The King’s Life Regiment of Horse (Halmstad, Lund, Landsk- (Nyborg, Halmstad, Lund, Landskrona, Warksow) rona): Called Drabenterna, this was a regular regiment that origi- Rockstroh, K.C.: Kongens Fodregiment gennem 300 år, Tønder nally consisted of 25 guards of the inner palace, but was increased 1957. (Nyborg, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow) to 200 men at the outbreak of war. Sørensen, S.A.: Kjøbenhavns Belejring og Fyens Gjenerobring, København 1896. (Nyborg) BIBLIOGRAPHY Stade, A.: Karl X Gustav och Danmark, Kristianstad 1965. (Ny- borg) Books in English Covering the Period in General Stamford, C. v.: Die Feldzüge der Regimenter Ufm Keller und von Childs, J.: Warfare in the Seventeenth Century, London 2006. Hornumb von Hessen-Cassel in dem Reichskriege gegen Schwe- Frost, R. I.: The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in North- den auf Schonen und auf Rügen 1677 und 1678 - Ein Beitrag zur eastern Europe, 1558 - 1721, Harlow/Essex 2000. hessischen Kriegsgeschichte wie zur Geschichte der hessischen Lisk, J.: The Struggle for Supremacy in the Baltic: 1600-1725, Kriegsverfassungen, Cassel 1882. (Landskrona, Warksow) London 1967. Stevns, A.: Vor Hær i Krig og Fred - vol. 2, København 1942-43. Oakly, S. P.: War and Peace in the Baltic: 1560-1790, London (Nyborg, Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow) 1992. Wahlöö, C. & Larson, G: Sextonhundrasjuttiosex: minnet av historien, historien om minnet: berättelse om ett krigets år och det Sources for the Various Battles blodiga Slaget vid Lund, Lund 1996. (Lund) Books: Askgaard, F. & Stade, A.: Kampen om Skåne, København 1983. Wahlöö, C. & Larson, G: Slaget vid Lund - ett mord och icke ett (Halmstad, Lund, Landskrona, Warksow) fältslag, Lund 1999. (Lund) Barnekow, C.C. v.: Nogle Synspunkter på Militærhistorisk For- Wimarson, N.: Sveriges Krig i Tyskland - vol 1&2, Lund 1897. skning, København 1979. (Halmstad) (Fehrbellin, Warksow) Bauer, F.: Fehrbellin 1675 - Brandenburg-Preußens Aufbruch zur Articles: Großmacht, Potsdam 1998. (Fehrbellin) Askgaard, F.: Om bevæbning og udrustning under Karl Gustav- Bjerg, H.C. & Frantzen, O.L.: Danmark i Krig, København 2005. krigene 1657-60, from Våbenhistorisk Tidskrift Vol: X, 1959. (Nyborg, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona) (Nyborg) Björlin, G: Kriget mot Danmark 1675-1679 : Läsning för Ung och Askgaard, F.: Danske våben i den skånske krig 1675-79, from Gammal : med Porträtt, Kartor och Planer m.m., Stockholm 1885 Våbenhistorisk Tidskrift Vol: XXIII, 1977. (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö. Lamdskrona, Warksow) Landskrona, Warksow) Blomberg, Å. F.: Fyns vilkår under svenskekrigene 1657-1660, Eriksen, E.: Dansk artilleri i den skånske krig 1675-79, from Våben- Odense 1973. (Nyborg) historisk Tidskrift Vol: XXIV, 1978. (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, Cramer-Petersen, L.: Danmarks skæbnetime: En beretning om Landskrona, Warksow) svenskekrigene 1657-1660, Brønshøj 2006. (Nyborg) Norrie, J.W.S.: Fra Pike og Musket til Flinte og Bajonet, from Generalstaben: Karl XII på slagfältet: Karolins Slagledning - Vol. Våbenhistorisk Tidskrift Vol: XI, 1962. (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, 1: Sedd mot bakgrunden av taktikens utvekling frän äldsta tider, Landskrona, Warksow) Stockholm 1918 (Warksow) Höglund, L.-E.: Scanian War 1675-79 - Colours and Uniforms, Karl- Other Sources: stad 2002. (Fehrbellin, Halmstad, Lund, Landskrona, Warksow) In addition to the above listed sources, numerous archival materials Isacson, C.-G.: Skånska Kriget 1675-1679, Lund 2000. (Halmstad, from the Swedish Krigsarkivet were used for the orders of battle, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow) maps, and setups for all the battles in Nothing Gained But Glory.

reprint along the way. So grab your swords, strap on your spurs, GERMAN/SWEDISH/ keep your powder dry, and get ready for lots of action. DANISH GLOSSARY Thanks, German: Ben Hull • Jung: The Younger MPBS Designer • Leib Regiment: Life Guard Regiment Swedish: • Livregementet: Life Regiment • Livgardet: Life Guard • Till fot: of Foot • Till häst: of Horse • Drottningens: Queen’s • Änkedrottningens: Dowager Queen’s • Adelsfana: The Nobles’ Banner, units recruited from the retainers of the nobility • Skånska: from the province of Skåne (Scania) • Tyska: German Danish: • Kongens: King’s • Livregiment: Life Guard Regiment • Till hest: of Horse DESIGNER’S NOTES • Till fods: of Foot • Jydske: from the Jutland peninsula (adjective) Nyborg: • Nørre-: North- There were several conflicting OOBs and setups in the sources for • Ryttere: Riders; used like Cuirassiers but without as much armor Nyborg. I have used the ones I trusted the most and players are free and with smaller horses to disagree with me. • Fynske: from the island of Fünen (adjective) Fehrbellin: • Sjællandske: from the island of Zealand (adjective) • Rostjeneste: Horse service; units recruited from the retainers of This battle was designed by Knut Grünitz. When we began playtest- the nobility and part of the national (regular) army. ing we found it necessary to change the OOB of the Brandenburg army as initially it had too many (but small) cavalry units, and this enabled the Brandenburgers to overwhelm the Swedes by sheer weight of numbers. That didn´t feel right so we consolidated the A NOTE FROM THE large number of small cavalry units into fewer but larger units. SERIES DESIGNER There were also a number of special rules at the beginning simulating Thank you very much for your continuing support of the Musket the Swedish withdrawal after they began taking losses. However, & Pike Battle Series (MPBS). I am continuously humbled by the Knut and I decided that these rules didn’t add much to the game kind words and interest of the fans. Some are probably wondering and led to potential gamey situations. The scenario is now a very about the direction of the series. I am very excited about the work clean and simple scenario in terms of special rules and an interest- Brian, Knut, and Dick have done with Nothing Gained But Glory ing situation with asymmetrical forces - something that is seldom and I am sure you will enjoy the game as well as the wealth of his- seen in the MPBS. torical information. I gave permission to Brian to design this game for several reasons. First of all, his commitment and enthusiasm Halmstad: for the system and the module were strong. In addition, a seasoned and professional developer, Dick Vohlers, was there to shepherd the This one was not originally meant to be part of the set, but it’s now process. Finally, Knut was there to produce the excellent maps and one of my favorite scenarios of NGBG. This is largely due to the huge assist in the research and design. These factors allow me to heartily work David Ekberg put into the research and special rules modifica- endorse this work. It has also allowed me to expand into to other tions. His thorough research included a visit to the battlefield. projects and still maintain some momentum for the series. Lund: The MPBS will continue and I have plans to do two or three more modules myself. I plan on a kit devoted to the Poles as they face Wanting to simulate this battle was one of the main reasons I de- the Swedes, Turks, and Cossacks as well as another on Louis XIV’s signed NGBG in the first place. (The other was to simulate Landsk- Dutch War, where we’ll see the last triumphs of Turenne and Condé rona.) It is one of the few well-known battles of the war, at least in from Under the Lily Banners. We’re also looking at a return to Eng- Scandinavia. Unfortunately, it was also a battle full of exceptional land and there are plans to offer This Accursed Civil War as a P500 events that are hard to replicate using the standard MPBS rules, so

© 2010 GMT Games, LLC Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II 19 some special rules were needed. The scenario is my best attempt to analytical in character. I have also focused on the war itself and only balance the need for as few special rules as possible with the need briefly described the period preceding the war and the aftermath. I to be able to attempt to replicate the historical events if you play in took this route because there are virtually no sources about the course a historical fashion. Again David Ekberg was a great resource and of the Scanian War in the English language, but several very good we have him to thank for scenario 3. sources on the political and economic sides of the war. So I hope players will enjoy my notes and will use the books mentioned in the Malmö: bibliography if they want to understand the period better. The map and rules have been through many versions before the present one including an area map and a hex map that included Gratitude: point to point movements within the fortress. I hope players find A lot of people helped in the creation of NGBG - in fact too many that the special rules flow well despite their complexity compared to mention here. Throughout the research and design process I have to other MPBS scenarios. I have tried to explain the historical rea- been pleasantly surprised by the willingness of people I had never soning behind the rules in order for them to be easier to understand met before in helping me obtain maps and order of battle details. (and thus remember) and less frustrating. Dick Vohlers has done a A special thank goes to Dick Vohlers for being a very professional magnificent job at editing them in order to make them both shorter and a very! patient developer, and David Ekberg for his thorough and cleaner. research, enthusiastic playtesting and constructive design sugges- tions. Without their immense assistance Nothing Gained But Glory The Danish infantry are shown as HI with pikes partly due to the would have been much inferior compared to what it is today. assault equipment (such as grenades) they carried. The initial Swed- ish OOB was very generic but a lot of details were found thanks to The whole process of making Nothing Gained but Glory has in assistance from the forum at Skalman.nu. But even with this help many ways been representative of Scanian War as it is designed by I didn´t have sources as to the exact composition of the Swedish a Dane and a German with lots of assistance from a Swede, but with garrison, so I had to make some tough designer’s choices. I think I the actual power regarding the final result in the hands of a game have made an OOB that is both historical realistic as well as fun to company from a maritime power. play, but players are of course free to disagree with me. In one of the first versions of the scenario I planned to solve the lack of an OOB I hope you will enjoy the game! by including extra counters so the Swedish player could distribute —Brian Berg Asklev Hansen his available SPs as he wished within certain limits. This quickly proved impossible for economic reasons (not enough available space on the countersheet) as well as being rather difficult to playtest. ERRATA FOR THE Landskrona: CHERITON MODULE The second of the two major battles of the Scanian War, and a natural The text for the Cheriton module that appeared in C3i #17 was not candidate for NGBG. The OOB and setup initially caused me a lot of up to date. Here is the correct version of the text for that module. problems as some of the Swedish HI units contained too few men to This module contains the battle-specific counters and map needed fit a 4 SP unit, but couldn´t be ignored as they occupied integral parts to simulate the battle of Cheriton, which took place on March 29th, of the line and performed well in the battle. In the end I decided to 1644, during the English Civil War. To play this module, you must do some design for effect and transfer some men from the stronger have the markers, series rules, and charts from one of the boxed battalions in the vicinity to the weaker ones. This is why some of games in the Musket and Pike Battle Series, either This Accursed the numbers in the historical notes might seem strange at first sight Civil War, Sweden Fights On, or Under the Lily Banners. compared to the unit SP numbers.

Warksow: Background This battle went through various OOBs before the present one, as Overview I discovered several conflicting sources. Fortunately, I eventually After First Newbury, the King decided to raise another army to found a book that discussed the various sources, and I feel pretty clear the rebellious counties of Dorset, Wiltshire and Hampshire, good about the OOB as it stand now. southwest of London. Sir Ralph Hopton was selected as its leader. To counter this threat, the Parliament formed a command under Sir All Post-1675 Scenarios: William Waller, combining the Western and Southern armies. The two armies battled back and forth over the south of England, with Most HI units are shown as HI with pikes despite the fact that the Hopton capturing Arundel castle in Sussex in December of 1643, number of pikes compared to muskets within the unit was lower but with Waller then recapturing it. Both armies met at Alton on the than during the Thirty Years War. This was done as the the pike was 13th and suffered heavy losses, ending campaigning for the winter. still very much “in focus” tactically and a highly regarded weapon, The stage was set for a confrontation that would decide the fate of so I thought it would be wrong to simply represent these units as the southern England. HI with no pikes. Prelude The Playbook: After wintering, both armies were reinforced. Hopton received Lord The historical background notes included in this game focus on Forth and his troops, bringing his army to around 6000. Forth was the the military aspects of the war, and are much more narrative than higher ranking officer, but Hopton was the de facto commander for

© 2010 GMT Games, LLC 20 Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II the ensuing campaign. To Waller’s Western and mutinous Southern Option 2 Army was added a brigade of horse under Balfour, and a brigade If the Parliament player selects option 2, he sets up the Yellow light of the London Trained Bands (the White and Yellow Regiments), infantry units within two hexes of 2417, and he does not get the bringing the total for the combined army to around 10,000. Mov- Yellow heavy infantry unit. In this case, the Royalist player may ing west toward Winchester in Hampshire, Waller encamped at a select either option 1 (same as above) or option 2. For option 2, the small village called Hinton Ampner three miles south of Alresford. Royalist player sets up Appleyard’s Independent Wing anywhere on Hopton’s army camped at Alresford. the map at least two hexes north of all Parliament Yellow LI units. The Royalist player does not get Paulet’s heavy infantry unit with The Battle option 2, and he must set up the Lisle heavy infantry unit with the rest of the army. The actual location of the battle and deployment of the units for battle is a matter of considerable debate. Three low ridges cut across the General battlefield, and the armies deployed on two of these. Exactly which two, though, is not certain. (The options are covered in the setup Except for those units covered by the Cheriton Woods option, the instructions.) Hopton’s army was arrayed on one of the ridges facing Parliament player sets up all his units within two hexes of the 36xx south. Hopton’s forces were on the left, Forth’s on the right. Across hexrow. Similarly, except for units covered by the Cheriton Woods from them was Waller, anchored on his left by a “small village,” option, the Royalist player sets up all his units within two hexes of either Cheriton or Hinton Ampner. the 15xx hexrow. For both players, set up the Left Wings on the left of the respective lines, and the Right Wings on the right of the The battlefield was bounded on the east by Cheriton Wood, which respective lines. Wing commanders start stacked with any unit in Waller had occupied with 1000 London foot, supported by a regiment their Wing. Army Commanders start stacked with or adjacent to any of horse. Early in the morning Hopton detailed a Colonel Appleyard unit of their army. Contingent names have no effect on play. and 1000 musketeers to clear the wood and secure his flank. Apple- yard, with a keen eye for the ground, advanced on the wood out of Unit Type Abbreviations sight in the low ground until appearing at close range. A ferocious Arty: Artillery firefight ensued, with the Londoners being routed. In the center, Cuir.: Cuirassier Waller’s horse under Sir Arthur Haselrigge, whose own regiment HI Bn: Heavy Infantry Battalion was known as the “Lobsters” for their armor, is said to have been drawn up in front of the foot, quite unconventionally, in the low HI Bn w/o Pikes: Heavy Infantry Battalion without Pikes (They ground between the armies. The Royalist Horse charged but was had some, but very few) put to rout in detail by the Parliamentarian horse. Sir Henry Bard LI: Light Infantry reportedly launched the ill-fated charge precipitously, and the other regiments followed with orders, in an uncoordinated attack. The Parliamentary Forces Royalist infantry then moved forward to support the failing cavalry All Parliamentary units and leaders are dark red on red. They had and a general engagement along the front broke out. Before long it about 5700 foot, 4100 horse, and 16 guns at the battle. became clear that the Royalists had lost the day and a courageous rear guard action by the Queen’s regiment and others prevented ARMY COMMANDER: Sir William Waller (–2) disaster and saved the guns from being lost. Senior Wing Commander: Sir Arthur Haselrigge (–1) The losses were not well recorded, but are estimated to be at least Left Cavalry Wing 1000, and perhaps as much as 2000, total for both sides. The defeated Royalists made for Basing House and on to Oxford. Waller WING COMMANDER: Sir Arthur Haselrigge (–1) moved on Winchester the next day and soon all Hampshire was Replacement: Vandruske (–1) under his control. Contingent Unit Ratings Type Cheriton is not one of the more famous battles of the War, but it was West. Assoc. Waller 2 x 3-7 Cuir. a clear victory for Parliament. It closed a front and was noted at the West. Assoc. Haselrigge* 4-8 Cuir. time as a watershed event. It was a bad beginning to a bad year for West. Assoc. Vandruske 4-7 Cuir. the King. The Parliamentary army fielded much better horse than in West. Assoc. Turner 3-6 Cuir. the past, and coupled with strong leadership proved superior. South. Ass. Cooke 3-6 Cuir. South. Ass. Livesey 4-6 Cuir. Set Ups South. Ass. Norton 3-6 Cuir. Cheriton Woods Option West. Assoc. Musketeers 4 x 1-4 LI Before setting up any units, the Parliament player must first decide if he will use Cheriton Woods option 1 or 2. * The famous Lobster fully armored regiment. Option 1 Center Infantry Wing If the Parliament player selects option 1, he sets up the Yellow heavy WING COMMANDER: Potley (0) infantry brigade with the rest of his army as in the general set ups, Replacement: Brown (0) below, and he does not get the Yellow light infantry units. In this case, the Royalist player must use his option 1, but may set up the Lisle Contingent Unit Ratings Type heavy infantry unit with the rest of his army, or in hex 2514. The West. Assoc. Waller 5-8 HI Bn Royalist player does not get the Appleyard light infantry units.

West. Assoc. Haselrigge* 6-7 HI Bn Hopton Prince Maurice 8-7 HI Bn South. Ass. Weldon 8-7 HI Bn Hopton Astley 8-7 HI Bn South. Ass. Jones 6-7 HI Bn Hopton Paulet 8-7 HI Bn London White 8-7 HI Bn Hopton Saker Battery 4-14 Arty West. Assoc. Culverin Battery 6-17 Arty Hopton Falcon Battery 3-9 Arty West. Assoc. Saker Battery 4-14 Arty Or Cheriton Woods Option 2: West. Assoc. Falcon Batteries 2 x 3-9 Arty * Consisting of Potley’s and Haselrigge’s regiments of foot. Center Infantry Wing WING COMMANDER: Paulet (–1) Add to Center Wing for Cheriton Woods Option 1: London Yellow 8-7 HI Bn w/o Pikes Contingent Unit Ratings Type Or for Cheriton Woods Option 2: Hopton Lord Hopton 8-7 HI Bn London Yellow 4 x 2-5 LI Hopton Astley 8-7 HI Bn Hopton Prince Maurice 8-7 HI Bn Right Cavalry Wing Hopton Saker Battery 4-14 Arty WING COMMANDER: Balfour (–1) Hopton Falcon Battery 3-9 Arty Replacement: Middleton (–1) Contingent Unit Ratings Type Independent Cavalry Wing Balfour Balfour 4-7 Cuir. WING COMMANDER: Appleyard (–1) Balfour Meldrum 3-7 Cuir. Contingent Unit Ratings Type Balfour Middleton 3-7 Cuir. Hopton Appleyard 4 x 3-6 LI Balfour Delbeir 3-7 Cuir. — — — End Cheriton Woods Option 2 — — —

Royalist Forces Right Cavalry Wing All Royalist units and leaders are dark blue on light blue. They had WING COMMANDER: Stuart (–1) about 4200 foot, 3200 horse, and 12 guns at the battle. Contingent Unit Ratings Type ARMY COMMANDER: Sir Ralph Hopton (–1) Senior Wing Commander: Lord Forth (0) Hopton Stuart 2 x 4-7 Cuir. Hopton Smyth 2 x 4-7 Cuir. Left Infantry Wing Hopton Stowell 2 x 3-7 Cuir. WING COMMANDER: Lisle (0) Stuart’s Brigade included the following Regiments: Stuart, Carey, Contingent Unit Ratings Type Crisp, Hamilton, Cleke, Boleter, Fors and Fleetwood Forth Lisle* 6-7 HI Bn. Smyth’s Brigade included the following Regiments: Smyth, Bennet, Forth Lord General 6-7 HI Bn Vaughan, Waldegrave and Lindsey Forth Howard 3-7 Cuir. Stowell’s Brigade included the following Regiments: Hopton, Forth Neville 3-7 Cuir. Stowell, Gunter, Apsley, Pierce and Hertford Forth Maurice 3-8 Cuir. Special Rules Forth Queen 3-7 Cuir. 1. Slopes: All slopes hexsides are gentle for purposes of 10.9.3. Forth Saker Battery 4-14 Arty 2. Retreat Edges: * The setup for Lisle is affected by the Cheriton Woods Option; • The Royalist’s retreat edge is the north edge. see above. • The Parliamentarian’s retreat edge is the south edge. Cheriton Woods Option 1: 3. Treat a Tumuli (Roman era burial mound) hex like a hedge-lined road hex, except that it does not block LOS. Center Infantry Wing 4. The Parliament Player sets up first. WING COMMANDER: Paulet (–1) Contingent Unit Ratings Type Counter Errata The Yellow HI unit should have a Wing Designation of C, not R. A Hopton Lord Hopton 8-7 HI Bn replacement counter was included in C3i #19.

© 2010 GMT Games, LLC 22 Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II Historical Starting Orders Historical Outcome Due to the terrain and deployments, both sides were tentative at Total VPs Lost the beginning of the battle, and hence no Wing starts under Charge Royalists 60 100 orders. Parliament 205 60 Parliament VPs – Royalist VPs 100 – 60 = 40 (Decisive Parliament Parliament Victory) • Left (Haselrigge): Make Ready Starting Turn/Total turns • Center (Potley): Receive Charge The battle starts with the 9 AM turn and continues through the end • Right (Balfour): Make Ready of the 12:40 turn, for a total of 12 turns. Royalist • Left (Lisle): Make Ready • Center (Paulet): Make Ready • Right (Stuart): Make Ready Victory Conditions VPs Type of Victory 40+ Parliament Decisive Victory 20-39 Parliament Marginal Victory 0-19 Draw –10 to 9 Royalist Marginal Victory –11 or less Royalist Decisive Victory

Malmö Special Reminders and Modifiers Orders Restriction Chart (5.6) Light Infantry and Cavalry Fire Table Change Note 1 to read: 1. Must end at least one hex closer a) Add to the section FIRER IS OR HAS: +2 Swedish LI unit firing to the closest enemy unit that is not already engaged or b) to the out of a Fortress Hex that does not contain a Disabled marker. closest bridge or c) if carrying a bridge, to any fortress hex. Units Add a new modifier: ALL FIRES: –2 For Darkness may not Pass, use Retreating Fire, or use Withdraw in Reaction Movement. Swedish units need not move outside the town and citadel. Artillery Fire Table (10.8) Add new modifiers: ALL FIRES: –1 For Darkness, –1 Grazing Change Note 2 to read: 2. Cannot move adjacent to an enemy fire at 3 or more hexes, unit. Exception: A Swedish unit may do so if separated from enemy units by unbridged Moat hexsides. Add a new note: If target is an emplaced bridge, remove the bridge on a result of FH+MC. Continuation and Preemption Table (4.3, 4.4) Close Combat Table (11.0) Add a new modifier: +1 For Darkness Add to the section Attacker is or has: +2 Attacker is part of the Orders Change Table (5.7) Danish Right Wing and is stacked with Bibow. Add to the Add a new modifier: +1 For Darkness Important Note: Disregard this if the attacker is part of the Danish Right Wing and is stacked with Bibow. Heavy Infantry Musketry Tables (10.0) Cavalry Pursuit Table (11.7.2) Heavy Infantry column header: Use these columns for infantry Add a new note: firing out of a fortress hex containing a Disable marker. Treat any modified roll of 5 or higher as a Pursue and Eliminate result. Heavy Infantry with Regimental Artillery column header: Use these columns for infantry firing out of a fortress hex that does General Reminder not contain a Disabled marker +1 All Morale Rolls during Darkness Add a new modifier: ALL FIRES: –2 For Darkness

NGBG Terrain Effects Chart Addendum See the regular TEC on the Player Aid Card for any terrain and notes not listed here. See the special Malmö TEC on the Malmö map for all terrain in that scenario. MP Cost to Enter Blocks Combat Effects Hex Terrain HI Cav LI LOS Fire Close Combat Ha: Fylleån River NA 8*† 6 - 0 +2 Lu: Burial Mound 2* 2* - 0 0 Lu: Allhelgona Cloister NA NA NA Yes NA NA

Hexside Terrain Ha: Assarpsbäcken +2*# +4* +2 - 0 –1 Lu: Frozen Stream +1 +1 +1 - 0 0 Lu & La: Wall +1* +3* +1 - –1 –1 Lu & La: Wall Opening +1 +2 +0 - 0 0

Ha: Applies to Halmstad; Lu: Applies to Lund; La: Applies to Landskrona † A cavalry unit pays this cost when it enters a river hex and again when it leaves a river hex. See Halmstad Special Rule 4.

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