The Convent of Wesel Jesse Spohnholz Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-64354-9 — The Convent of Wesel Jesse Spohnholz Index More Information

Index

Aachen, 100, 177 Westphalia-Lippe Division; Utrecht academia, 67, 158, 188, 189–90, 193, 237 Archives; Zeeland Archives Afscheiding (1834), 162 archiving, 221–22 Alaska, 235–37 in the eighteenth century, 140–43, Alba, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, duke of, 145–46 26, 27–28, 29, 31–33, 71, 97, 147 in the nineteenth century, 179–80, 220 Algemeen Reglement. See General in the seventeenth century, 130–32, Regulation (1816) 195, 220 Algoet, Anthonius, 63, 81–82, 84, 88, 94 in the twentieth century, 219–20, alterity of the past, 219, 228–29, 223, 224 233–34, 242 Arentsz, Jan, 23, 63, 86 America. See North America; United States Arminianism. See Remonstrants of America Arminius, Jacobus, 107, 108 Amsterdam, 23, 26, 54, 135, 144, 145, 219, See also Remonstrants 223–24 Asperen (duchy/province of Amsterdam City Archives (Stadsarchief Gelderland), 89 Amsterdam), 91, 223–25, 227 Asperen, Joannes van, 74, 77, 86, 217 Anabaptism, 18, 29 Assendorf, Herman van, 86 See also Mennonites atheism, 164, 191, 201 Anchorage, 236 Augsburg Confession (1530), 23, 24, 34, anti-Catholicism, 129, 158, 165, 175, 179 40, 53, 76, 97–98, 99, 109–10, 132, antiquarianism, 130, 139, 166–67, 180 169, 203, 231 Antwerp, 17, 28, 82, 85, 86, 95, 104, 211 Austin Friars. See London, Dutch refugee during the Wonderyear, 20–22, 23, church in 25–26, 27, 50, 73, 78, 80, 81, 86, 96, Australia, 3 204–05, 206–08 Austrian Netherlands (1714–97), 159 April Movement (De Aprilbeweging, See also Belgium; Habsburg Netherlands; 1853), 165 Spanish Netherlands archives, 122–23, 130, 131, 140, 163, 175, Austro-Prussian War (1866), 171 198, 219–28, 237, 239, 241–42 at Austin Friars, 94, 102, 104 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 176 of the Dutch Reformed Church, 122, Balck, Ysbrand, 63, 82–83, 84, 207 131–32, 133, 146, 179–80, 198, baptism, 42, 44, 57–58, 65, 90, 101 200, 219 Baudartius, Willem, 123 and power, 191, 227–28, 232–33 Bauters, Pieter, 81 in Wesel, 5 Bavaria, duchy of, 110 See also Amsterdam City Archives; Bayle, Pierre, 137–38, 146 Evangelical Church Archive of Wesel; Beckmann, Wilhelm Joachim, 199 Mennonite Archive (Amsterdam); Becque, Christoffels de la, 80, 115 National Archives of the Netherlands; Bedburg (duchy of Jülich). See synod in Old Synod Archive; State Archive of Bedburg (1571) North Rhine-Westphalia, East Belgian Revolution (1830), 162

273

274 Index

Belgic Confession, 18, 47, 98, 110, 124, in the nineteenth-century Netherlands, 135, 139, 141, 160, 177 160, 165 Belgium, 162, 223 in the seventeenth-century Spanish Berchem (county of Flanders), 79 Netherlands, 159 Berg, duchy of, 229, 230 in the sixteenth century, 1–2, 29, 95, 104, See also United Territories; Wilhelm V, 203 duke of Jülich-Cleves-Mark-Berg See also April Movement; Berlin, 169 anti-Catholicism Berlin, University of, 189–90, 192, 194 Chantepie de la Saussaye, Pierre Daniël, Beza, Theodore, 55, 56 173–74, 177 Bijgarden, Caspar van, 81 Charles IX, king of France, 33, 55 Bilderdijk, Willem, 161–62, 163 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 98 Bismarck, Otto von, 171 church discipline. See discipline, church Boersma, Owe, theory of, 208–12, 237 classis of Breda, 132 Bogaerde, Gooris van den, 80 classis of Dordrecht, 104, 131, 132, Bombergen, Antoon van, 26 133, 221 Bombergen, Charles van, 86, 207 classis, as an ecclesiastical institution, 42, Bombergen, Cornelis van, 207 45–46, 55, 110 Bonn, 178 Cleves, duchy of, 1–2, 71, 72, 132 Bonn, University of, 194, 200 See also United Territories; Wilhelm V, Bor, Pieter, 123 duke of Jülich-Cleves-Mark-Berg Brabant, duchy/province of, 17, 20, 26, Cloister Church (Kloosterkerk, 106, 211 The Hague), 133, 140, 143 Brandenburg, Electorate of, 111 Cold War, 236 Brandt, Geraerd, 135–36 Cologne, archbishopric of, 74 Breda, 26, 27, 73, 134 Cologne, city of, 76, 218 See also classis of Breda Dutch refugee church in, 60, 218 Brederode, Hendrik van, 19, 23, 26, 54, 96 Cologne, University of, 72 Bremen, 95, 106 Colonius, Petrus (a.k.a Pieter de Keulen), Brès, Guy de, 18, 22, 23, 26–27, 47 23, 63 Bronckhorst, Johannes Alexander, 214 communion. See Lord’s Supper Bronkhorst-Batenburg, Dirk van, 30, 72, Compromise of the Nobility. See 74, 77, 86 Confederation of Nobles Bruges, 79, 85, 206 Confederation of Nobles, 19–20, 21, 23, Brune, Charles, 71, 72 25–26, 27, 28, 30–31, 54, 72, 73, Bruninck, Laurentius, 79, 211, 217 74–75, 77, 80, 82, 83, 85–86, 95, 96, Brussels, 19, 31–32, 81, 208 98, 141, 208, 210 Bucer, Martin, 46, 62 confession, meaning of, 229 Bullinger, Heinrich, 53, 55, 71 confessional ambiguity, 73, 74, 76, 87–88, Burton, Antoinette, 232 109–10, 203, 229–32, 240 Busseurs, Hubertus, 81, 217 confessional categories, 109, 168, 232 confessional coexistence, 4, 40, 203, 240 Calvin, John, 17, 44, 46, 47, 49–50, 51, 53, Confessional Union (Confessionele 55, 58, 165–66, 203 Vereniging), 172 Calvinism. See Calvin, John; Neo- confessionalization, 4–5, 111, 132–33, Calvinism; Reformed Protestantism 202–04, 229, 232, 234 Canons of Dordt, 108–09, 160 Conﬁno, Alon, 235 See also National Synod of Dordt congregationalism, 19, 48–49, 52, 117 (1618/19) Congress of Vienna (1815), 169 Carlier, Johan, 207 consistory, as an ecclesiastical institution, Castercomius, Joannes, 93, 217 44–45, 46, 55, 71, 87, 103, 110, Catholicism 145, 179 in nineteenth-century Germany, 169, Convent of Wesel 170, 175, 179 inventing the idea of, 122, 188, 192–94

Index 275

mystery of, 3–7, 16–17, 59, 66–67, 121, democratization, 180, 237, 238 189, 212 Dermout, Isaac Johannes, 160–61 quadricentennial of, 188–89, 196–200 Descartes, René, 136–37, 157, 158 See also National Synod of Wesel; Synod descriptive sources, 229, 234–35, 238 of Wesel Detmold, 144, 145, 180, 219, 225–28 convent, meaning of, 6, 167, 193 See also State Archive of North Rhine- Coolhaes, Caspar, 20, 76, 87, 93, 103, 135, Westphalia, East Westphalia-Lippe 141, 151, 182 Division; Lippe, county of See also spiritualism Deventer, 20, 76 Coornhert, Dirck Volckertsz, 113, 180 Devotio moderna. See Modern Devotion See also spiritualism digital revolution, 237–38 Corro, Antonio del, 23, 63, 93, 207 Dillenburg (county of Nassau-Dillenburg), Costa, Isaac da, 162, 163 27–28, 31, 37, 82, 112 Counter-Remonstrants, 107–08, 112, discipline, church, 18, 19, 42, 46–47, 58, 124–25, 127, 128, 133, 136 105, 125 See also Reformed Protestantism; Dooren, Jan Pieter van, 91, 215, 227 Remonstrants and The Hague Historical Society, 200 Cubus, Johannes, 20, 63, 65, 78, 79, 81–82, and Johann Friedrich Gerhard 104, 211, 217 Goeters, 200 Culemborg (duchy/province of theory of, 204–08, 237 Gelderland), 89, 206 Dordrecht, 91, 103, 104, 152, 180 Culemborg, Floris van Pallandt, count of, See also classis of Dordrecht; National 28, 30, 72, 86, 98, 113 Synod of Dordrecht (1578); National Culemborg, Gerard van, 74, 89, 98–99, Synod of Dordt (1618/19); provincial 105, 115, 208, 209, 210, 217 synod of Dordrecht (1574). Dorth, Anton von, 132, 220 Darwin, Charles, 191 Duifhuis, Herbert, 105 Dastre, Albert, 241 Duisburg. See General Synod of Duisburg Dathenus, Petrus, 63, 66 Duisburg (duchy of Cleves), 31 as author of the 1568 articles, 41, 53–58, Duke, Alastair, 202 71, 84, 88, 207 Dutch Reformation, 17–19, 33, 40–41, 202 before 1567, 17 memory of, 122, 124–30, 133–36, after 1568, 94–96, 97, 104–05, 106 160–62, 164, 165, 166, 167, 194 in France, 55, 58, 71 Dutch Reformed Church, 6, 45, 102–03, in Frankenthal, 53–54, 58, 71, 78, 96 111, 124, 133, 134, 142, 220 in Frankfurt, 23, 53 archive of, 122, 131–32, 133, 146, in Ghent, 106 179–80, 198, 200, 219 and the Heidelberg Catechism, 53–54, church building of the (1572–1618), 2–3, 55, 57, 67 58, 108, 161, 202, 221 memory of, 135, 166, 167, 194 in the eighteenth century, 143 and the Psalms, 55, 57, 67 General Synod of the, 160, 179 in the Swiss Confederation, 55–56, in the nineteenth century, 160, 162, 167, 71, 84 168, 177 in Wesel, 70, 71–72, 74, 75, 76, 77, in the seventeenth century, 124, 125, 78, 86 126, 130, 131, 133 and William of Orange, 95–96, 106, 141 See also Afscheiding (1834); National during the Wonderyear, 20, 22–24, 26, Synod of Dordt (1618/19); 28, 54–55, 56, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 217 Netherlandish Reformed churches; Davis, Natalie Zemon, 201 Reformed Protestantism; Réveil deacon Dutch Republic (1572–1795), 3, 19, 94, as a church ofﬁce, 17, 42, 48, 56, 87, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110–11, 112, 101, 145 122, 123, 128, 136, 137, 138, 159, 181 and the double deaconate, 49, 53, 104 See also Habsburg Netherlands deaconesses, 49–50, 58, 101, 104, 110, (1548–72); Spanish Netherlands 125, 195–96 Dutch Revolt, 17, 33, 202

276 Index

Dutch Revolt (cont.) Eucharist. See Lord’s Supper impact on the Lower Rhine, 110–11, 124 European Union, 236 memory of, 16, 123, 129, 134, 164, 166 Evangelical Church Archive of Wesel and the military campaign of 1566–67, (Evangelisches Kirchenarchiv Wesel), 19–28 132, 180, 220, 227 and the military campaign of 1568, 17 Evangelical Church Confederation, 170 (see Orange, William of, military Evangelical Church in Prussia, 169, 172, campaign of (1568)) 176, 192 Duym, Jacob, 129 Evangelical Church in the Rhineland, 197, 198, 199, 200 East Friesland, county of, 52, 206 refugees in, 57, 76, 95 Faes, Joos, 20, 81, 217 Ecclesiastical Ordinances (Geneva, 1541), Farnese, Alessandro, 106 17, 51, 214 Febvre, Lucien, 241 Ecclesiastical Ordinances (Geneva, feminism, 153, 195 1561), 48 Flanders, county of, 17, 20, 26, 82, 85, education, 11, 159, 163, 164, 170, 178, 114, 206 182, 191, 201, 229, 238 Fliedner, Theodor, 195 Eeklo (county of Flanders), 77, 85 footnotes, 138, 146, 239 Eertbrugghe, Margriete van der, 211 fractio panis,50–51, 53, 55 Egidii, Cornelis, 76, 153 See also Lord’s Supper Egmont, Lamoral, count of, 19, 26, 31 France, 31, 33, 55, 70, 71, 144, 171, Eindhoven, 72 See also French Reformed Protestantism elder, as a church ofﬁce, 17, 18–19, 42, Franck, François, 80 44–45, 48, 56, 87, 101, 134, 145 Franck, Sebastian, 211 Elizabeth I, queen of England, 115, See also spiritualism 116, 217 Francken, Cornelis, 20, 81, 217 Emden, 55, 144 Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), 178 church in, 48, 50, 53, 54, 55, 218 Frankenthal (Palatinate), 19, 33, 53–54, circulation of the manuscript in, 68, 58, 71, 82, 83, 95, 114 78–81, 86, 95, 210 Frankfurt, 23 in the nineteenth century, 178 refugees in, 23, 53, 100 refugees in, 19, 26–27, 31, 33, 73, 74, 76, Frederick III, elector of the Palatinate, 51, 80, 83, 85, 95, 97, 103, 141, 209, 218 53, 55, 95–96, 104, 172 See also East Friesland, county of; synod Free University Amsterdam (Vrije in Emden (1571) Universiteit Amsterdam), 194–95 Emmerich (duchy of Cleves), 72, 73, 74, French Reformation, 201 89, 100 French Reformed Protestantism, 17–18, empiricism, 138, 190, 240 19, 45–46, 48, 49, 50, 55, 71, 96, 99, emplotment, 121–23, 134, 136, 139, 143, 101, 108, 180, 203, 209 145, 147, 148, 175, 179, 180, 225 and the French Confession of Faith England, 1–2, 19, 71, 72, 75, 108, 125 (1559), 18, 47 refugees in, 5, 19, 27, 32, 45, 46, 52, 56, at the National Synod of Alès (1620), 108 57, 80, 82–83, 95, 98, 100, 108, 166, French Revolution, 156, 157, 161, 163–64 200, 204 Friedrich Wilhelm III, king of Prussia, Enlightenment, 10, 123, 136–39, 143, 146, 169, 189 147, 148, 155, 156–59, 160, 162, 163, Friesland, lordship of, 26, 31, 40, 114 164, 174, 191 Fris, Agathe, 220 Ens, Johannes, 139–40 Fruin, Robert, 166 episcopalianism, 117, 125 Erasmus, Desiderius, 135, 160 Gelderland, duchy/province of, 29, Erastus, Thomas, 36, 51, 54 114, 166 Erle (Münsterland), 73, 76, 206 General Regulation (Algemeen Reglement, Essen (county of Mark), 76, 153 1816), 160, 162, 177 ethical theologians, 177, 185 General Synod of Duisburg (1610), 111

Index 277

Geneva, 17–19, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50, 56, 71, Halle, University of, 195 95, 108, 129, 161, 203 Hamburg, 100 Geneva Catechism, 100 Hardenberg, Albert, 63 Gennep (duchy of Cleves), 100, 117 Harderwijk (province of Gelderland), German Confederation, 169, 171 113, 124 German Empire (1871–1918), 179 Harderwijk, Ysbrand van, 114, 218 German Reformation, 201–02 Hasbach, Maximilian, 175, 176 memory of, 169, 194, 196–97 Hasselt, Augustijn van, 29 German-Dutch Evangelical Association, Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 158, 190 178–79 Heidelberg (Palatinate), 51, 55, 95, 96 Germany refugees in, 19, 33, 82, 114 refugees in, 5, 27, 32, 34, 45, 46, 82, 83, Heidelberg Catechism, 50, 51, 54, 55, 57, 86, 98, 166, 204 67, 100, 110, 124, 135, 139, 145, See also German Confederation; Holy 160, 177 Roman Empire; North German Heidelberg, University of, 51 Confederation; Prussia; Third Reich; Heidwerdius, Casparus, 132 West Germany Heiligerlee, battle of (1568), 31, 184 Ghent, 86 Helmichius, Johannes, 63, 207 Calvinist Republic of, 106 Herberts, Herman, 103 signers from, 73, 75, 80, 81, 84, 85, See also spiritualism 88, 141 Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 157 during the Wonderyear, 20, 206, 211 ’s-Hertogenbosch, 20, 26, 72, 73, 77, 85 Glasius, Barend, 161 Hesse, landgraviate of. See Philip I, Goch (duchy of Cleves), 72, 89, 100, 117 landgrave of Hesse godparentage, debates about, 56, 71, heteroglossia, 176, 196 83, 100 Heyden, Gaspar van der, 17, 63, 98, Goes (province of Zeeland), 223 114, 207 Goeters, Johann Friedrich Gerhard, 65, 200 Heyst, Everaert van, 218 and Jan Pieter van Dooren, 200, 225 Hillmann, Johann, 195 Golder, Christian, 195 historicism, 181, 189–92 Gomarus, Franciscus, 107 historiography Google Corporation, 238 academic, 181, 188, 189–92, 193, 194, Gouda, 103, 140 200–04 Goudrianus, Albertus (a.k.a Albert van confessional, 11, 125, 128, 234 Assendelft, lord of Goudriaen), Dutch, 16, 122, 202 76–77, 86 Enlightenment, 137–39 ’s-Gravenzande, Adrianus, 146–48, 161, gendered, 195–96 193, 200, 237 German, 178, 201–02, 238 Groen van Prinsterer, Guillaume, 162, orthodox Reformed, 124, 127, 162–68 163–64, 166, 172, 173 Reformation, 122, 233–35 Groningen, city of, 31, 113 Romanticist, 160–62 Gunning, J. H., 173 history writing. See historiography Gysius, Johannes, 123, 131–32, 133, 134, Hobsbawm, Eric, 201 136, 152, 180, 195, 220, 221, 222 Holland, county/province of, 26, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 114, 131, 134, 211 Habosch, Simeon van, 79, 211 Holocaust, 199 Habsburg Netherlands (1548–72), 1, 17, Holy Roman Empire (1495–1806), 1, 3, 24, 24, 30, 95, 101, 129, 173 26, 27, 43, 54, 95, 98, 124, 169, 171, Haghen, Jacques van der, 6, 86 230–31 The Hague, 93, 131, 140, 154, 156, 173, Hommius, Festus, 125 179, 200, 219, 221 Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de, 166, See also National Synod of The Hague 180, 224 (1586) Hoorebeke, Pieter van, 80, 140–41 The Hague Historical Society (Haags Hoorn, Philip de Montmorency, count of, Historisch Gezelschap), 200 19, 31

278 Index

Hoornbeek, Johannes, 127–28, 133 Lier (duchy of Brabant), 21 Hove Bergensis, Joannes, 81 lieux de mémoire. See sites of memory Höveker, Henricus, 177, 185 Limburg, duchy of, 114, 171 Huguenots. See French Reformed Lippe, county of, 81–84, 185, 227 Protestantism Lippius, Johannes, 63, 73, 75, 76, 89, Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 189–90, 191–92 115, 206 Lohn, Sybertus, 218 iconoclasm, 20, 22, 28, 29–30, 75, 83, 86 London See also Wonderyear circulation of the manuscript in, 68, 79, industrialization, 159, 195 81–84, 86, 151, 210 internet. See digital revolution Dutch refugee church (Austin Friars) in, intimacy of the past, 219, 233–34, 242 48, 50, 51, 54, 55, 79, 81, 91, 94, 99, inventories. See archiving 122, 125, 167, 207, 208, 209 French refugee church (Threadneedle James I, king of England, 116, 125 Street) in, 19, 99, 211 Janssen, Hendrik Quirinus, 179 Italian refugee church in, 81, 82, 85, 91 Johann Sigismund, elector of rediscovery of the 1568 articles in, 6, Brandenburg, 111 125, 200 Jong, Jan (Janus) de, 194–95 refugees in, 27, 31, 33, 48, 53, 56, 71, 73, Joris, David, 106 75, 85, 99 See also spiritualism See also England Jülich, duchy of, 98, 211 Loo, Mattijs van der, 80 See also United Territories; Wilhelm V, Lord’s Supper, 4, 29, 42, 44, 46–47, 50, 51, duke of Jülich-Cleves-Mark-Berg 57, 65, 90, 100, 175, 229 Jülich-Cleves Succession Crisis, 110–11 debates about, 19, 36, 50, 53, 117 Junius, Franciscus, 17, 22, 23, 28, 59, 63, See also fractio panis 207, 209 Louis of Nassau, 96 Lower Rhine, 76, 89, 94, 98, 109, 110, 132, Kampen (Overijssel), 90, 186, 214 134, 145, 168, 172, 194, 195 Knoch, Johann Ludwig, 145–46, 225 See also Rhineland Kögel, Johannes Theodor Rudolf, 172 Luther, Martin, memory of, 169, 177, Königswinter (archbishopric of 192, 196 Cologne), 74 Lutheran princes, 24–25, 54, 97 Kraft, Karl, 173 Lutheranism, 74 Kuyper, Abraham, 165–68, 177, in nineteenth-century Germany, 169–70, 178–79, 193 176, 185 and Reformed Protestantism, 99 Lalaing, Antony de, count of (see Reformed Protestantism: and Hoogstraten, 28 Lutheranism) Lantsochtius, Christophorus, 79, 217 in seventeenth-century Germany, 144 Lang, August, 195 in seventeenth-century Wesel, 111 Larenius, Gerardus, 73, 89, 217 in sixteenth-century Germany, Larrelt (county of East Friesland), 80 201–02, 203 Lasco, John a, 19, 46–47, 48, 51–52, 53, 54, in the sixteenth-century Netherlands, 57, 165–66 21, 50 Laubegeois, Jacques, 80 in sixteenth-century Wesel, 29, 109–10, Le Clerc, Jean (the younger), 138–39 178 Leicester, Robert Dudley, earl of, 105 See also Augsbug Confession (1530); Leiden, 90, 103, 105, 127, 141 Evangelical Church in Prussia; Leiden, University of, 107, 125, 127, 133, Lutheran princes; Luther, Martin, 152, 163, 165, 173, 193, 202 memory of liberalism, 10, 159, 163, 164, 165, 180, Luxembourg, grand duchy of, 171, 182 186, 196, 201 libertinism, 61, 105–06, 141 Maastricht, 20, 30, 206 Liège, city of, 32, 72 macrohistory, 7–8, 9–11, 219

Index 279

Mark, county of, 76 during the Wonderyear, 20, 22–23, 24, See also United Territories; Wilhelm V, 28, 54, 56, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 206 duke of Jülich-Cleves-Mark-Berg and the writing of the 1568 articles, Marnix Society (Marnix Vereeniging), 56–57, 84 166–67, 168, 193 Modern Devotion (a.k.a Devotio Marnix, Jean, 19, 20, 26–27, 207 moderna), 160 Marnix, Philip, 39, 63, 65, 81, 86, 207, 208, Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, 209, 210 baron of, 157 at the Diet of Speyer, 98 Morély, Jean, 49–50, 58 memory of, 166, 167, 183, 214 Mortaigne, Gerardus, 114, 218 and the synod in Bedburg (1571), Mostaert, Christiaen, 20, 77, 87 98–99, 114 multiculturalism. See pluralism at the synod in Emden (1571), 101, 115 Münster, prince-bishopric of. and William of Orange, 28, 95–96, 97, See Münsterland 99, 141, 209 Münsterland, 84, 206, 229 during the Wonderyear, 19, 26, 217 marriage, 42, 44, 100, 101 Napoleon Bonaparte, 156, 164 Mary I, queen of England, 53 Napoleonic Wars, 155, 159, 175 Masius, Joannes, 50, 73, 89, 217 Nassau, Louis of, 19, 28, 30–31 Maurits of Nassau, prince of Orange, Nassau-Dillenburg, territory of, 2 107–08, 124, 149 National Archives of the Netherlands Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, 38, (Het Nationaal Archief), 219 96, 113 National Synod of Dordrecht (1578), 2, 63, Mechelen, Paul van, 86 104–05 Meere, Hermannus van der, 20, 50, 73, 81, National Synod of Dordt (1618/19), 108, 89, 115, 135, 217 125, 128, 130, 131, 135, 142, 161, Mennonite Archive (Amsterdam), 91, 144, 177, 220 180, 224 National Synod of Middelburg (1581), 105, Mennonites, 104, 144 117, 125 Meteren, Emanuel van, 123 National Synod of The Hague (1586), Michaelis, Jacob, 70, 72–73, 77 105, 106 Michels, Hendrick, 80, 115 National Synod of Wesel, 6, 130, 133, microhistory, 7, 8–9, 219 134–35, 139, 142, 143, 146–48, 161, Micron, Marten, 53, 54, 58 163, 220, 221–22 Middelburg, 79, 146, 148, 219 bicentennial of, 123 See also National Synod of Middelburg disappearance of the idea of, 6, 155 (1581); Zeeland Archives inventing the idea of, 105, 123, 125–28, Middle Ages, 128, 160, 161, 195, 131–32 229, 234 See also Synod of Wesel; Convent of Miggrode, Jacob van (a.k.a Jacques de Wesel Miggrode or Jacobus Miggrodius), nationalism, 10, 155, 156, 157, 158, 162, 81, 92 169, 175–76, 180, 186, 189, 190, 196, Millenius, Hermannus, 74, 89, 217 236–37 minister, as a church ofﬁce, 17, 19, 42, Neo-Calvinism, 165, 194 44–45, 48, 56, 101, 102 See also Reformed Protestantism Moded, Herman, 63, 115 Netherlandish Reformed churches, 3, in Emden, 78, 79, 114 16–17, 18, 41, 46, 47, 49, 50, 53, 55, in England, 94 56, 57, 69, 71, 79, 85, 98, 99, 106, 208 before 1567, 17 See also Dutch Reformed Church; after 1568, 106 Reformed Protestantism in Geneva, 56, 71, 84 Netherlands, Kingdom of the in London, 81–82 (1815–present), 156, 159 memory of, 135, 167 See also Belgium; Dutch Republic; in Wesel, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, Habsburg Netherlands; Spanish 78, 86 Netherlands.

280 Index

Nieden, Friedrich, 176 Peace of Westphalia (1648), 3, 132, Niedermörmter, 30, 72, 73, 74, 77, 82, 86 227, 230 Nielles, Charles de (the elder), 23, 63, 86 peer review, 237–38 Nijhoff, Martinus, 180 Perez, Marcus, 23, 86, 207 Noortbergh, Quintinus, 140–43, 145, 179, Pestere, Reynier de, 78, 80, 81 191, 237 Philip I, landgrave of Hesse, 24 Nora, Pierre, 175–76 Philip II, king of Spain, 19–20, 22, 24, 26, Norden (county of East Friesland), 76, 82 27, 28, 38, 47, 96, 106, 113, 182 North America, 19, 108, 193, 201, 237 Pistorius, Godefridus, 75, 217 See also United States of America Pius IX, Pope, 175 North German Confederation, 171 Plomp, Johannes, 214 Norwich, 127 pluralism, 235–36 refugees in, 27, 33, 56, 71, 79, 81–82, 88, See also confessional coexistence 94, 114, 210 Pohlig, Mattias, 231 Polyander, Johannes, 114, 218 objectivity, 142, 189–92, 235, 237, Pontifortius, Jacobus (a.k.a Sterckbrugge), 239, 241 80, 206 Oecolampadius, Johannes, 46 Poppius, Cornelius, 79, 206 Oeteren (duchy of Brabant), 77 postcolonialism, 153, 235–36 ofﬁces of the church, 48, 56, 125 postmodernism, 153, 239, 240 See also deaconesses; deacon; elder; predestination, 106–07, 123, 153 minister; teacher. presbyterial-synodal system, 45, 168, 169, Old Synod Archive (Oud Synodaal 171, 176, 192, 194 Archief), 6, 179–80, 219–20 See also consistory; synod Oldenbarnevelt, Johannes, 108, 124 presbyterianism, 108, 117, 125 Orange, William of, 2, 106 presbytery. See consistory alliance with Reformed Protestants prescriptive sources, 229, 234–35, 238 (1568–71), 16, 95–100, 102, 141, 208 printing press, 29 in Dillenburg (1567–68), 27–28 and clandestine printing practices, 205 memory of, 129, 172, 194 and propaganda, 28, 74 military campaign of (1568), 30–34, 40, prophecy, 51–52, 53, 61, 104, 110, 125–26, 43, 55, 58, 71, 72, 74, 77, 83, 94, 127–28 95–100, 147, 204, 205, 206, 240 provincial synod of Dordrecht (1574), and Philip Marnix, 95–96, 97, 99, 104, 149 141, 209 provincial synod of South Holland, 133, during the Wonderyear, 19, 21, 24, 140, 142, 179 25–27 Provincial Synod of the Rhineland Orange-Nassau, House of, 16, 124, Churches (Prussia), 168, 176, 192 159, 183 provincial synod, as an ecclesiastical Orsoy (duchy of Cleves), 74 institution, 45–46, 55, 60, 115, 209 Osnabrück, prince-bishopric of, 229 See also synod Ostendorpius, Johannes, 20, 76, 153, 206 Prussia, 155–56, 158, 168–70, 171–72, Oudenaarde (county of Flanders), 72 176, 177, 181, 189, 220, 227 Oudenburg (county of Flanders), 81 See also Austo-Prussian War; Evangelical Overijssel, province of, 114 Church in Prussia; Bismarck, Otto von; Wilhelm I, king of Prussia Palatinate, Electorate of the, 20, 23, Prussian Academy of Sciences, 190 48, 50–51, 53–54, 57, 90, 96, 98, Psalms, 65, 100 101, 104 See also Dathenus, Petrus: and the Psalms See also Frederick III, elector of the Puritanism, 165 Palatinate Puritans, 108, 127 Panhuysen, Leonard, 72, 77, 211, 217 Parma, Margaret of, 19–21, 25–27, 78, 205 Raesfelt, Philip, 73, 76, 84, 87, 206 Peace of Augsburg (1555), 24, 25, 37, 40, Rahemius, Hermannus, 76 109, 113, 132, 169, 231, 240 Ranke, Leopold von, 189–92

Index 281

Reael, Laurens Jacobsz, 97, 115 Royal Library (Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Rees (duchy of Cleves), 89, 91, 100 The Hague), 180, 221–22, 227 Reformation, 1, 4–5, 44, 194, 203–04 Rutgers, Frederik Lodewijk, 193, 214, 237 concept of, 228–29, 231–32 Ruytinck, Simeon, 91, 116, 125–28, 130, historiography of, 233–35 131, 133, 142, 146, 147, 150, 161, memory of, 125 195, 237 See also Dutch Reformation; French Rysum (county of East Friesland), 79 Reformation; German Reformation; historiography; Luther, Martin, Saravia, Adrianus, 22, 23, 28, 59, 63 memory of Sardemann, Gerhard, 175 Reformed Protestantism, 2–3 Savary, Lodewijck, 76–77 and Lutheranism, 23–24, 29, 34, 43, Saxony, Augustus, elector of, 24 53, 80, 86, 87, 97, 98, 99, 169, Schelven, Aart Arnout van, 112, 131, 183, 170, 176 195, 196 in the nineteenth-century Netherlands, Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 168, 169, 174 159–68 Schotel, Gilles Dionysius Jacobys, 180 in the nineteenth-century Prussian Schumacher, Ralf, 225 Rhineland, 168–70 Schuurman, Bart, 224 in seventeenth-century Germany, 109, Scotland, 19, 108 110–11 Scriverius, Petrus, 129 in the sixteenth century, 44–52, 203 secularism, 10, 159, 163, 164, 166, See also Counter-Remonstrants; Dutch 177, 186 Reformed Church; Evangelical Church Selin, Nicolas, 207 in Prussia; Evangelical Church in the separation of church and state, 167–68, Rhineland; Neo-Calvinism; 192, 194, 214 Remonstrants Siegen (county of Nassau-Dillenburg), Remonstrants, 107–08, 124, 125, 129–30, 37, 82 133, 135–36, 138, 160 Simon IV, count of Lippe, 144 See also Arminius, Jacobus; Counter- See also Lippe, county of Remonstrants; Reformed Simons, Eduard, 196 Protestantism Sites of memory (lieux de mémoire), Renesse, Ludovicus van, 134–35 175–76, 196 research questions, 201, 241 Sneek (lordship of Friesland), 79, 206 Réveil, 161–62, 165 social history, 200–02, 234 revisionism, 201, 203–04 socialism, 159, 164, 165, 186 Reyd, Everhard van, 123 Sonoy, Diederik, 29, 30, 39, 77 Rhetius, Cornelius, 20, 63, 80, 105, 112, Sonsbeck (duchy of Cleves), 74 114, 217 South Africa, 3, 165 Rhineland, 3, 20, 144, 172, 175, 198 Spain, 97, 110, 123 See also Lower Rhine See also Philip II, king of Spain Rhineland, Prussian province of the, 155, Spanish Netherlands (a.k.a Southern 169, 170–71, 172, 175, 178, 194 Netherlands, 1572–1714), 106, 116, Richoboscus, Jacobus, 75 159 Richter, Ämilius Ludwig, 192–93 See also Belgium; Habsburg Netherlands Ries, Hans de, 144 (1548–72); Netherlands, kingdom of Rijcke, Pieter de, 50, 73, 80, 89 (1815–present) Rijckwaert, Carolus (Theophilus), 20, 63, Speyer, imperial diet of (1570), 96–98 81–82, 84, 88, 94, 104 Spierinck, Cornelis, 20, 81 Robinson, John, 127–28, 133 Spinoza, Benedictus de, 137, 180 Roelen, Martin, 220 spiritualism, 86, 89, 90, 93, 103, 105, 106, Romanticism, 155, 156–59, 160, 162, 166, 160, 180, 211, 231 180, 189, 191 St. Truiden (a.k.a St. Trond, prince- Roßhoff, Hermann, 177 bishopric of Liège), 21 Rotterdam, 103, 152 Stade (prince-bishopric of Bremen), 106 Rousseau, Abraham, 81 Stadermann, G., 223

282 Index

State Archive of North Rhine-Westphalia, toleration, 109, 129, 132, 148, 153, 160, East Westphalia-Lippe Division 167–68, 169, 199, 203, 233 (Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen, Toorenenbergen, Johan Justus van, 166, Abteilung Ostwestfalen-Lippe), 184, 186 225–28 Tournai, 25 See also Detmold; Lippe, county of Treaty of Dortmund (1609), 111 States General of the United Provinces, Treaty of Xanten (1614), 118, 132, 185 131, 142 Trigland, Jacobus, 134, 135, 152 States of Holland, 105, 106, 107, 124 Tübingen, University of, 192 Steenvoorde (county of Flanders), 75 Twelve Years’ Truce (1609–21), 123 Stempel, Walter, 197, 215, 218, 220 Strasbourg, 33, 62, 94 United Nations, 236 Strauss, Gerald, 201–02 United Provinces of the Netherlands. Swiss Confederation, 55–56, 70, 71, 108 See Dutch Republic See also Geneva; Zürich United States of America, 164, 165, 180, Switzerland. See Swiss Confederation 195, 201, 235–37 synod in Bedburg (1571), 98–99, 208–11 United Territories of Jülich-Cleves-Mark- synod in Emden (1571), 2, 5, 43, 73, Berg, 109, 112, 229 99–102, 104, 125, 127, 130, 134, 135, Ursinus, Zacharias, 54 147, 202, 208, 209, 210, 211 Utenhove, Jan, 55 compared to the 1568 articles, 100–02 Utrecht Archives (Het Utrechts Archief), 6, Synod of Paris (1575), 91, 180, 224–25 219–20, 227 Synod of Wesel, 155–56, 158–59, 160–61, Utrecht, bishopric/province of, 26, 114 162, 167, 170, 180–81, 193, 198, 220, Utrecht, city of, 89, 105–06, 168, 219 223, 230 Utrecht, University of, 128, 137, 139, 214 disappearance of the idea of, 188, 192 Uytenbogaert, Johannes, 116, 129–30, 133 tercentenary of, 168–78 See also National Synod of Wesel; Valenciennes, 22, 23, 25, 26 Convent of Wesel Veen, Mirjam van, 231 synod, as an ecclesiastical institution, 18, Velzen, Simon van, 177 42, 45–46, 55, 98, 110, 160, 179 Venraid, Gerhard, 74, 87, 89, 206 synods. See Dutch Reformed Church; Verstegius, Gerardus, 131 General Synod of Duisburg (1610); Veurne (county of Flanders), 21 National Synod of Dordrecht (1578); Vianen, 23, 26, 54 National Synod of Dordt (1618/19); Vico, Giambattista, 138, 157 National Synod of The Hague (1586); Villars, Jean de Montigny, lord of, 30, 31 National Synod of Middelburg (1581); violence, debates about, 21–23, 24, 34, 56, provincial synod of Dordrecht (1574); 71, 80, 83–84, 87, 205 provincial synod of South Holland; Viret, Pierre, 45 synod in Bedburg (1571); synod in Viver, Nicolas du, 207 Emden (1571) Vliet, Kaj van, 220 synods, underground (1562–66), 17–19, Voetius, Gisbertus, 128, 133, 137, 139 21–25, 43, 47, 54, 56, 85, 124, 143 Vos, Cornelis de, 75, 82, 211 Vossius, Andrianus, 75, 217 Tafﬁn, Jean, 17, 22, 23, 63, 115, 207 teacher, as a church ofﬁce, 48, 51, 61 Waes, Chrystoffels utt, 80 Teschenmacher, Werner, 132 Wallenkamp, Bernhardus, 132 Third Reich, 10, 199, 201 Walloon provinces, 17, 32, 114, 182, 223 Thompson, E. P., 201 Walloons, 1, 18, 23, 47, 80, 86 Thorbecke, Johan Rudolf, 164–65 Walraven, Cornelis, 63, 70, 72, 75, 217 Three Forms of Unity, 18 Wandel, Lee Palmer, 230 See also Belgic Confession; Canons of War of Spanish Succession, 159 Dordt; Heidelberg Catechism Wesel Three Million Guilder Request, 21–23 as a center for rebel organizing (1568), Thysius, Antonius, 124 29–30, 31, 33, 86

Index 283

circulation of the manuscript in, 67–68, Willem III, king of the Netherlands, 70–78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 210 171, 172 in the nineteenth century, 168–70, Winghen, Godfrey van, 64, 83–84, 86 175 Winghene, Jan van, 20, 80 refugees in, 5, 27, 31, 33, 71, 83, 85, Wittenberg Church Diet (Wittenberger 103, 105 Kirchentag, 1848), 170 in the seventeenth century, 110–11, Wolters, Albrecht, 177–78, 186, 213, 220 133, 145 Woltjer, Juliaan, 202, 216 sixteenth-century religious compromises Wonderyear, 20–28, 30, 32, 54–55, 56, 70, in, 4, 109–10, 175, 229, 230 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, in the twentieth century, 196–200 99, 204, 205–06 See also Evangelical Church Archive World War I, 236 of Wesel World War II, 10, 189, 199, 236 Wesembeke, Jacob van, 28 Woudanus, Joannes, 75, 115, 211, 217 Wesoly, Kurt, 230 Wybo, Joris (a.k.a Georgius Octavius West Germany, 189, 196, 198–99 Sylvanus), 17, 20, 22, 63, 65, 78, 81, Westerhusen (county of East Friesland), 79 207, 209, 217 Westphalia, 76, 109, 168 See also Münsterland; Peace of Yates, John, 127 Westphalia (1648) Ypeij, Annaeus, 160–61 Westphalia, Prussian province of, 155, 169, Ypres, 20, 80, 85, 93, 206 170–71, 172, 175, 178, 194 White, Hayden, 121 Zeeland Archives (Het Zeeuws Archief), Wicodurstadius, Joannes, 75, 77 75, 78, 223 Wikipedia, 238 Zeeland, county/province of, 102, 103, 104, Wilhelm I, king of Prussia, 171, 172 105, 106, 114, 134 Wilhelm V, duke of Jülich-Cleves-Mark- Zeist (province of Utrecht), 178 Berg, 29, 109, 111, 147 Zomere, Lieven de, 80, 84, 88 Wilhelmi, Barthold, 86, 103 Zurich, 55, 60 Wille, Ambrosius, 17, 22 Zuttere, Pieter de, 103 Willem I, king of the Netherlands, 160, 163 Zuylen van Nijevelt, Willem van, 63, 72, 73, Willem II, king of the Netherlands, 75, 77, 86, 98–99, 115, 167, 206, 208, 163, 164 209, 210