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Author Index Animal index The groups are listed in the same order as they appear in the book. For practical reasons the arrangement of the taxa varies within the single groups. As a rule, English names are given if they are also mentioned in the text. MOLL USCA 32-46 Pulmonata 22 POLYPLACOPHORA Basommatophora, (Chitons) 21-30 freshwater pulmonates Acanthopleura 23 31 A. brevispinosa 23, 27, Siphonariidae 28, 30 30 Siphonaria 26 A. gemmata 4, 23-4, Stylommatophora, land 26-9 pulmonates 31 A. granulata 23, 27, 30 Limacidae, slugs 25, 32-3 Ariolimax reticulatum 25 GASTROPODA 21-33, 119 A. culumbianus 25, 33 Prosobranchia 21 Limax 31 Acmaeidae 24 L. maximus 26 Patellidae 24 L. pseudoflavus 25, 32-3 Patella 26 L. grossui 30, 33 P. vulgata 26, 28-9 Limacus flavus 26, 30, P. rustica 24 32-3 Neritidae Helicidae, land snails 25, Nerita textilis 28-9 32 Littorinidae 25 Achatina fulica 25-6, Littorina 30 30, 33 L. irrorata 30 Helicella virgata 26 L. littorea 30 Helix pomatia 25 L. sitkana 30 Cerithiidae 25 CEPHALOPODA 20-1 N assariidae Octopus 21 Ilyanassa obsoleta 29-31 O. bimaculatus 21 Opistobranchia O. cyanea 21 Onchidiidae 25 O. vulgaris 21 Onchidium verruculatum 28 ECHINODERMATA 33-7 364 Animal index ASTEROIDEA 35-7 Decapoda Astropecten Jonstoni Penaeidae 61 36-7 Penaeus duorarum 62 Oreaster reticulatus 35-6 Palinura, spiny lobsters Jasus 62 ECHINOIDEA, sea-urchins Panulirus 62, 64 34-5 P. argus 62-3 Centrostephanus rodgersii P. longipes 62 34 Astacura C. coronatus 34 Cherax destructor, Diadema antillarum Australian crayfish 34-5 63-4 D. setosum 34 Homarus 62,64 Echinometra lucunter 34 H. americanus, rock Strongilocentrotus lobster 62-3 purpuratus 34 Brachyura, crabs 113, 115 Carcinus, shore crabs 65 ARTHROPODA Inachus, spider crabs 64 ARACNIDA I. phalangium 62, 63 Araneae, spiders 46, 48, 59 Macrophathalmus setosus Linyphiidae 115 Frontinella 56, 58 Ocypode, fiddler crabs F. pyramitela 56 61,65 Araneidae (Argiopidae), O. ceratophthalmus 66, orb weavers 59 115 Araneus, cross spiders Uca, fiddler crabs 65 60 U. rapax 66 A. diadematus 59 U. tangeri 66 Zygiella 60 U. crenulata 66 Z. x-notata 59 Isopoda 46 Agelenidae funnel weavers Porcellionidae Agelena 52-3, 55-6, Hemilepistus 104 58, 85, 101 Amphipoda 7 A. labyrinthica 52, 54, Talitridae 46, 61 57, 102 Lycosidae 46, 48 INSECTA 66-125 Ctenidae, wandering, Odonata 83 spiders Orthoptera 67 Cupiennius 48-9, 51-2, Acridiidae, locusts 68 85, 101 Diptera 99 C. salei 86, 102 Lepidoptera, moths and Salticidae, jumping butterflies 67-8 spiders 58-9, 61 Danaus plexippus, Phidippus 61 Monarch butterfly P. pulcherrimus 58 67-8, 126 CRUSTACEA 61-6 Vanessa cardui, Painted Stomatopoda, mantis Lady butterfly 68 shrimps 64 Hymenoptera, ants, wasps Animal index 365 and bees 12, 69 C. albicans 4 Scolioidea C. bicolor 77, 89, 93, Formicidae, ants 11, 45, 107, 110, 122-3 69, 115 C. fortis 78-9, 93-4, Ponerinae 98, 100-2, 105, 348 Leptogenys 71, 115 Formica 71, 74, 76 L. diminuta 116-17 F. aquilonia 74 L. ocellifera 69 F. rufa 73-4 Neoponera F. subsericea 74 (= Pachycondila) Lasius 116 77,79 L. fulginosus 118 N. apicalis 76-7 L. neoniger 116 Onychomyrmex 116-17 Oecophylla 71 Paraponera 72, 74 O. longinoda 116-17 P. clavata 71-2, 74-5, Vespoidea, wasps 83 116 Chrysidae 84 Ecitoninae Vespidae Eciton burchelli 80 Vespula 11 E. rapax 80 Polistes dominulus Myrmecinae (= gallicus) 81-2, Atta, leafcutter ants 71, 281 118 Sphecoidea A. cephalotes 80, 116 Sphecidae 45, 84 Crematogaster 116 Bembix 111 Leptotorax 73-4 Cerceris 111 Messor, harvester ants C. ry by ensis 112 70-1,73,79,115 Apoidea M. aciculatus 79 Megachilidae 45, 81 M. arenarius 79 Osmia bicornis 84 M. aegyptiacus 70 Anthophoridae M. medioruber 70 Anthophora abrupta 83 M. minor 70 A. plagiata 84 M. semirufus 80 Xylocopidae Pogonomyrmex 71, Xilocopa virginica 81 73-5, 79, 115-16 Apidae, bees 46, 81, 83 P. maricopa 79 Euglossinae, orchid bees Solenopsis 116 Eulaema cingulata 83 Tetramorium meridionale Euplusia surinamensis 80 118 Bombinae, bumble bees Formicinae 106 Camponotus 71, 74-5, Bombus 111 115 Meliponinae C. modoc 77 Trigona 11 C. pennsylvanicus 74 T. angustula 84 C. noveboracensis 77 Apinae Cataglyphis 11, 78-9, Apis 101, 111 87, 90, 93,- 98-9, A. mellifera, honey bee 104, 106, 110, 121 2, 12, 45, 80-1, 84, 366 Animal index 91,95-7,102, rock bass 170 108-9, 111, 113, Lepomis, sunfishes 170 119, 120-1, 124 L. cyanellus, green sunfish 170-1 VERTEBRATA L. macrochirus, bluegill AGNATHA sunfish 170-2 Petromyzoniformes, lampreys L. megalotis, longear 145 sunfish 170 Micropterus dolemieui, CHONDRICHTHYES, cartilaginous fishes smallmouth bass 170 Carcharinidae M. salmoides, large­ Prionace glauca, blue mouth bass 170-1 shark 149 Chaetodontidae, butterfly Scyliorhinidae fishes 149 Scyliorhinus canicula, dog Characidae fish 168 Salminus maxillosus 154 Sphyrnidae, hammerhead Cichlidae sharks Tilapia variabilis 154 Sphyrna Iewini 148, Clupeidae, herrings, shad, 150-2 sardines 145 Chimaeridae Alosa sapidissima, Hydrolagus collieri, American shad ratfish 147, 148 154, 164-6 OSTEICHTHYES, bony fishes Clupea, herrings 153-4 Acanturidae, surgeon C. harengus harengus, fishes Atlantic herring Acanthurus nigrcifuscus 153 152-3 C. h. pallasi, Pacific Anablepidae herring 153 Anableps microlepis, Cottidae four-eyed fish 154 Oligocottus maculosus, Anguillidae, eels 145 tidepool sculpin Anguilla anguilla, 173 European eel Cyprinidae 155-6, 168 Cyprinus carpio, carp A. rostrata 155-6, 168 157 Atherinidae Hyborhynchus notatus Leuresthes tenuis, 189 California grunion Ptychocheilus lucius, 153 Colorado River Pranesus pinguis 148 squawfish 154 Catostomidae Rutilus rutilus, roach Catostomus commersoni 155 155 Esocidae Centrarchidae, freshwater Esox masquinongy, basses 157, 170-2 muskellunge 155 Ambloplites rupestris, Gadidae Animal index 367 Gadus morhua, Atlantic salmon 174, 178, cod 150-2, 168 186, 195 Haemulidae, grunts O. keta, chun salmon Haemulon jlavolineatum, 174, 178 French grunt o. kisutch, coho salmon 162-3 174,178,187-91, H. plumieri, white grunt 193-4 162-3 O. masu, cherry salmon Ictaluridae 174 Pylodictis olivaris, O. mykiss, steelhead or flathead catfish rainbow trout 157-8 174-5, 178 Istiophoridae O. nerka, sockye salmon Makaira nigricans, Pacific 174-80, 182-7, blue marlin 149 193 Osmeridae O. tshawytscha, chinook Hypomesus pretiosus, surf salmon 174-5, smelt 154 178, 187-8, 192-3, Mallotus villosus, capelin 195 150, 153-4 Salmo salar, Atlantic Pempheridae salmon 174, 186, Pempheris schomburgki 193 148 Salvelinus malma, Dolly Percidae Varden 150-1 Stizostedion vitreum, Stenodus leucichthys, wollaye 157 inconnu 154, 157 Pleuronectidae Scaridae, parrotfishes Hippoglossus Scarus 148 hippoglossus, S. guacamaia 149 Atlantic halibut S. coelestinus 149 153 Scombridae Parophrys vetulus, Katsuwonus pelamis, English sole 157 skipjack tuna 149 Pleuronectes platessa, Thunnus albacares, plaice 166-70 yellowfin tuna Platichthys jlesus, 149-50 flounder 168 T. obesus, big tuna 149 Prochilodontidae Scorpaenidae Prochilodus p latensis 154 Sebastes, rockfishes P. scrofa 154 159-60, 173 Salmonidae, salmon 2, Sebastes auriculatus, 145-6, 154, 157, brown rockfish 174-95,301 159 Oncorhynchus, Pacific S. caurinus, copper salmon 146, 174 rockfish 159 O. clarki, cutthroat S. jlavidus, yellowtail trout 174-5, 178 rockfish 159 O. gorbuscha, pink S. maliger, quillback 368 Animal index rockfish 159 REPTILIA Serranidae Chelonia, turtles, terrapins, Dicentrarchus labrax, tortoises 235-6 seabass 153 Pleurodira 236 Siluridae, catfishes 154 Cryptodira 236 Soleidae Cheloniidae Solea solea, sole 168 Chelonia mydas, green Tripterygiidae turtl e 236 - 7 Forsterygion varium 158 Caretta caretta, Xiphiidae loggerhead turtle Xiphas gladias, 237 swordfish 149 Eretmochelys imbricata, hawks bill turtle AMPHIBIA 237 Urodela (Caudata), Lepidochelys kempi 238 salamanders, newts 213, Dermochelydae 223-4, 228-9 Dermochelys coriacea, Eurycea lucifuga 220 leatherback turtle Notophthalmus 237 viridescens, red­ Em ydidae 239 spotted newt 220, Clemnys insculpta 239, 229 242 Taricha rivularis 218, C. marmorata 239 229 C. guttata 239 T. torosa, California Chrysemys picta 239-42 newt 217 Emys orbicularis 239 Anura, frogs and toads 213, Craptemys pulchra 239 219,223-4,228-9 Pseudemys scripta 239 Bufo americans 227 Terrapene carolina 239, B. boreas 227 240-2 B. bufo, common toad Testudinae 213-18,220,227, Ceochelone 242 229 C. elephantopus 243 B. calamita 215, 219, Copherus 242 227 C. agassizi 243 B. hemiophrys, Manitoba C. berlandieri 243-4 toad 215-16 C. fiavomarginatus 243 B. spinulosus, Andean C. poliphemus 243, 245 toad 221-2, 226-7 Testudo 243 B. valliceps 227 T. hermanni 4, 244-5 B. viridis 215 Trionychidae 239 B. woodhousii 227 Trionyx spinifer 240-1 B. w. fowleri, Fowler's T. muticus 241 toad 214-15 Lacertilia, lizards, iguanids Xenopus laevis, clawed 235-249 toad 222 AnoUs Uneatopus 249 Apoda (Gymnophiona, Dipsosaurus dorsalis 249 Caecilomorpha) 213, 228 Lacerta agilis 249 Animal index 369 L. viridis 250 AVES L. vivipara 249 Anas cruea, European Phrynosoma douglassi teal 279 249 Anas platyrhynchos, Podarcis sicula 249 mallard 279 Sceloporus graciosus 249 Anser anser, greylag S. jarrovi 249-51 goose 281 S. occidentalis 249 A. indicus, bar-headed S. ondulatus 249 goose 281 S. orcutti 249 Apus apus, swift 264, Uma notata 250 307 Uta stansburiana 249 A. melba, alpine swift Ophidia, snakes 235 269 Agkistrodon contortrix Branta leucopsis, barnacle 253 goose 281 Diadopis punctatus 253 Ciconia, storks 268 Carphophis amoenus, C. ciconia, white stork worm snake 253 269 Coluber constrictor 253 Columba livia, pigeon C. viridiflavus, yellow­ (domestic, homing) green racer 235, 2, 5, 9, 13, 272-5, 251-2 282, 285-311 (rock Crotalus atrox 250, 254 pigeon) 272, 303 C. horridus 253 Corvus coronae, hooded C. viridis 253 crow 11 Heterodon platyrhinos Diomedea exulans, 252 wandering H. nasicus 252 albatross 5, 264 Masticophis taeniatus D. immutabilis, Laysan 253-4 albatross 270 Natrix sipedon 253-4 Erithacus rubecula, Pituophis melanoleucus European robin 8, sayi, bullsnake 252 277 Regina septemvittata 254 Hirundo rustica, swallow Sistrurus catenatus 268-9 catenatus 252 Jynx torquilla, wryneck Thamnophis 253 269 T.
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