Marcus Terentius Varro – De Lingua Latina Liber Decimus Übersetzung Und Kurzkommentar Diplomarbeit Fabian WEGER

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Marcus Terentius Varro – De Lingua Latina Liber Decimus Übersetzung Und Kurzkommentar Diplomarbeit Fabian WEGER Marcus Terentius Varro – De Lingua Latina Liber Decimus Übersetzung und Kurzkommentar Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Philosophie an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz vorgelegt von Fabian WEGER am Institut für Klassische Philologie (Latein) Begutachterin: Ao.Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr.phil. Claudia ENGLHOFER Graz, 2019 Quod me patientissimi adiuverunt gratias ago : Magistrae semper benevolenti et diligenti: Claudia Englhofer Matri Patri Magdalenae Amicis maxime curantibus 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis I) Zielsetzung der Arbeit 5 II) Vorbemerkungen 5 III) Probleme der Interpretation-Methodische Überlegungen 6 IV) Vita Brevis 8 V) De Lingua Latina 1) Allgemeines 9 2) Quellen und Abhängigkeiten 10 3) Die Etymologie 11 4) Die “Analogiebücher“ VIII, IX, X a) Allgemeines 14 b) Historischer Exkurs bα) Abriss der Entwicklung der Wortarte 14 - und Flexionslehre bβ) Analogie und Sprachreinheit 15 bγ) Der Begriff der Anomalie - der Analogiestreit 19 b) Buch VIII 20 c)Buch IX 22 3 d)Buch X 24 5) Der Systematische Ansatz 24 6) Sprache und Stil 27 VI) Lateinischer Text: De Lingua Latina Liber X 28 mit deutscher Übersetzung VII) Kurzkommentar 73 VIII) Conclusio 94 IX) Literaturverzeichnis 95 4 I) Zielsetzung der Arbeit Für diese Arbeit hat es sich der Verfasser zum Ziel gesetzt, einerseits eine treffende Übersetzung der behandelten Stelle, Varros zehnten Buches aus de lingua latina (kurz LL), zu liefern und andererseits die Möglichkeit einer solchen Auslegung kulturhistorisch plausibel zu untermauern. Hierfür wird ergänzend zur Übersetzung eine Einleitung, die auch dem Laien verständlich sein soll und sich großteils aus dem Studium entsprechender Sekundärliteratur nährt, in der Arbeit enthalten sein. Der darauf folgende Kommentar setzt die Einleitung inhaltlich voraus und unterzieht das zehnte Buch einer bisher noch nicht durchgeführten argumentationstheoretischen Prüfung. Dies alles soll im kleineren Rahmen so geschehen, dass dem Leser ein Einblick in die Textsituation (mit ihren wesentlichen Belangen) und somit auch in die Forschungsdebatte gewährt wird, die sich schon seit geraumer Zeit um de lingua latina rankt. Als Abschluss der Arbeit soll eine conclusio die Einschätzung der erreichten Forschungsergebnisse leisten, welche unter anderem die Zurückweisung einer Perspektive der modernen Forschung und der damit verbundenen Erkenntnisse darstellen. II) Vorbemerkungen Da es sich hierbei um eine Diplomarbeit handelt, entfällt der Apparat. Der benutzte Text baut, wie alle Editionen von LL X, auf einem codex, genannt “F“, der in Florenz in der Bibliotheca Medicea-Laurentiana gehütet wird, auf. Die neueste Edition wurde von Taylor1 herausgegeben und ausführlich textkritisch recherchiert. Auf diese stützt sich der hier verwendete Text in nahezu identischer Weise. Wo in den allerseltensten Fällen davon abgewichen wird, ziehe ich Kent und Traglia heran2. Was die Sekundärliteratur betrifft, geben die Titel im Quellenverzeichnis eine Auswahl aus dem Bereich der aktuellen Forschung wieder, zumal nur wenige Veröffentlichungen ein für diese Arbeit zu berücksichtigendes Thema behandeln. Die letzte umfassendere historische Untersuchung, von Fehling, liegt 55 Jahre zurück und fußt im Wesentlichen auf den Studien Dahlmanns sowie der umfangreichen Arbeit Barwicks, die heute umso interessanter wirkt, als es an intertextueller Arbeit an Varro fehlt. Die letzten 30 Jahre haben eine Verschiebung der Forschungsperspektive erfahren, sodass Varro mehr textimmanent beleuchtet wurde. 1 Siehe Fußnote 6 2 Für weitere textbezogene Information wende man sich an Taylor, 1996,30-56; Traglia,1956, 54-63; Kent 1958,II, vii-lii 5 III) Probleme der Interpretation-Methodische Überlegungen Bevor näher auf die Gliederung und den Inhalt von LL VIII-X eingegangen wird, gilt es noch einige Überlegungen anzustellen, die dem Leser im Folgenden ein Orientierungsbehelf sein sollen. Dass dies vor Ausbildung eines konkreten Interpretationsansatzes geschehen soll, erklärt die Notwendigkeit methodischer Vorarbeit oder Begriffsklärung, da man sonst die wissenschaftliche Beurteilung in keinem vorgegebenen Rahmen sieht und sich Trugschlüsse schwerer vermeiden lassen. In Konfrontation mit dem konkreten Text stellen sich zahlreiche Fragen, für deren Beantwortung man ein großes Assoziationsspektrum benötigt, das historisch geordnet abrufbar sein soll. Jedes singuläre Texterzeugnis ist geschichtlich verankert und kann nie kraft seines Verfassers allein entstehen. Die Darstellung ist gemäß empirisch- historischer Prinzipien wie Mimesis und sonstiger äußerlicher Beeinflussung, stark umweltabhängig, was scheinbar in der Wissenschaft stillschweigend als trivial vorausgesetzt wird. Der Einfluss, den die Griechen auf die Römer ausübten, hat sich in der klassischen Philologie in einem Paradigma niedergeschlagen, das auf den Großteil römischer Texte erkenntnisbringend angewandt wurde und noch immer wird (auch beim vorliegenden Text erfolgt die Einordnung in die Tradition unausweichlich). Dies ist solange gerechtfertigt, als es genügend verwertbare Quellen gibt, die solcherlei Schlüsse für jeden einzelnen Fall zulassen- aber nur unter Berücksichtigung der prinzipiellen erkenntnismäßigen Divergenzen zwischen Interpret und Autor.Die Forschungstendenzen hinsichtlich LL lassen sich im Groben auf zwei Richtungen festlegen: Erörterungen, die von Varro ausgehend, dessen Beeinflussung und inhaltliche Abhängigkeit vor allem durch griechisches Gedankengut zeigen wollen und solche, die dessen Eigenständigkeit hervorheben möchten. Natürlich hat jede Behandlung Varros selbständige Aspekte, doch hilft die getroffene Einteilung auch, prinzipielle ideologische Differenzen der Interpreten zu berücksichtigen. Beispiele für die solche Tendenzen sind die Arbeiten Fehlings3 und Taylors4. Erstgenannter geht über größtenteils rekonstruierte Quellen5 von einer Missdeutung der griechischen Vorlagen durch Varro aus. Diese Sichtweise beurteilt die Tradition als normative Vorgabe, der die Ergebnisse der tatsächlichen historischen Prozesse jedoch nicht verpflichtet sind. Außerdem unterstellte er ihm Verwechslungen, Mißverständnisse et cetera6. Andererseits könnte sich einem benevolens Ansatz entsprechend eine positive Deutung im Sinne der Eigenständigkeit des Verfassers etablieren, beispielsweise die der in sich geschlossenen Sinnhaftigkeit von Varros Ausführungen. Da Taylor (der die Wichtigkeit der Quellen nicht bestreitet) im Wesentlichen eine solche textimmanente Untersuchung betreibt, welche die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Varros Eigenständigkeit untermauern will, wird 3 Vgl. Fehling, 1955,113-122 4 Vgl. Taylor, 1974, v-xiii 5 Vgl. Fehling, 1955, 3-7; Barwick,1922, 3-111 6 Vgl. Fehling,1955, 8 6 diesem, thematisch den diachronen Diskurs ergänzenden Ansatz, prinzipiell auch sein Recht einzuräumen sein. Die beiden angeführten Standpunkte werden hier als repräsentativ angenommen. Vor allem aber bedarf die intertextuelle Betrachtung in Zukunft weiterer Unterstützung, da ihr Bereich potentiell mehr Information birgt. Nun haben wir es mit zwei oder mehreren Möglichkeiten zu tun und es stellt sich die Frage nach einem Entscheidungskriterium. Dass es sich bei den Thesen einmal um sicheres Wissen im strengen Sinn handeln kann, wird aus gut bekannten Überlegungen ausgeschlossen. Wahrscheinlichkeitskriterien sind genau genommen ebenfalls fehl am Platz, denn quantitativ-vorhersagbare Zusammenhänge werden hier nicht beurteilt. Wenn man Wahrscheinlichkeit in einem empirsch-psychologischen Sinn sieht, wird der Willkür des Interpreten und dessen Urteilsvermögen ein dominanter Platz zugestanden, was letztendlich in Auseinandersetzung mit den konkreten Texten die entscheidende Rolle spielt. Ich bin nichtsdestotrotz der Meinung, dass der historische Vergleich bei der Beurteilung Varros die unumgängliche Methode ist, denn Abhängigkeit wie Eigenständigkeit seiner Arbeit lassen sich nie aus dem Primärtext allein “nachweisen“. Nur anhand des Vergleichs zur Tradition, der über das Prinzip der Fremdbeeinflussung eines Autors gerechtfertigt wird, kann eine verhältnismäßig gesicherte Erkenntnis entstehen. Da nun aber die Quellenlage für LL größtenteils über spätere Autoren indirekt in mehreren rückwärts gewandten Arbeitsgängen bestimmt wurde, kommen die meisten relevanten Thesen auch nicht mit den für Geisteswissenschaften weniger stringenten Erkenntniskriterien zur Deckung. Die Forschungsdebatte scheint aus diesen Gründen nicht endgültig entscheidbar und die Thesen werden in erster Linie als mehr oder weniger aus der Erfahrung plausible Ausprägungen des antiken kulturellen Überbaus gesehen. Für die Interpretation ergibt sich daher eine vorsichtig exegetische Heran- gehensweise, denn trotz der Unklarheiten hinsichtlich Varros Intention, die es zu Beginn vorauszusetzen gilt, muss man das stark kontextbezogene Latein, das ein und dasselbe Wort für umgangssprachliche Wendungen und termini technici kennt, dem viel höheren Spezialisierungsgrad des modernen Deutsch anpassen. 7 IV) Vita brevis Über Marcus Terentius Varros (Reatinus) Leben sind wir größtenteils durch Fremdzeugnisse von Autoren wie zum Beispiel Cicero, Caesar Plinius und Hieronymus unterrichtet7. Ergänzend finden sich vereinzelte autobiographische Daten in seinem Werk verstreut angeführt, ohne dass man dabei auf die erhaltene Biographie de vita sua zurückgreifen könnte. Er wurde 116 v. Chr. geboren und starb im Jahre 27 v. Chr. Seinen Familiensitz unterhielt er in Reate (r.r. II praef. 6), wovon sich sein zweiter Beiname Reatinus ableitet, während er in Rom seinen bürgerlichen
Recommended publications
  • Domitian's Arae Incendii Neroniani in New Flavian Rome
    Rising from the Ashes: Domitian’s Arae Incendii Neroniani in New Flavian Rome Lea K. Cline In the August 1888 edition of the Notizie degli Scavi, profes- on a base of two steps; it is a long, solid rectangle, 6.25 m sors Guliermo Gatti and Rodolfo Lanciani announced the deep, 3.25 m wide, and 1.26 m high (lacking its crown). rediscovery of a Domitianic altar on the Quirinal hill during These dimensions make it the second largest public altar to the construction of the Casa Reale (Figures 1 and 2).1 This survive in the ancient capital. Built of travertine and revet- altar, found in situ on the southeast side of the Alta Semita ted in marble, this altar lacks sculptural decoration. Only its (an important northern thoroughfare) adjacent to the church inscription identifies it as an Ara Incendii Neroniani, an altar of San Andrea al Quirinale, was not unknown to scholars.2 erected in fulfillment of a vow made after the great fire of The site was discovered, but not excavated, in 1644 when Nero (A.D. 64).7 Pope Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini) and Gianlorenzo Bernini Archaeological evidence attests to two other altars, laid the foundations of San Andrea al Quirinale; at that time, bearing identical inscriptions, excavated in the sixteenth the inscription was removed to the Vatican, and then the and seventeenth centuries; the Ara Incendii Neroniani found altar was essentially forgotten.3 Lanciani’s notes from May on the Quirinal was the last of the three to be discovered.8 22, 1889, describe a fairly intact structure—a travertine block Little is known of the two other altars; one, presumably altar with remnants of a marble base molding on two sides.4 found on the Vatican plain, was reportedly used as building Although the altar’s inscription was not in situ, Lanciani refers material for the basilica of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Nov 0 1 2005
    L E C T U R E S O N T H E HIS T O R Y O F R O MA N R ELIG ION FR OM NUMA T O A UGUSTUS WILLIAM REGINALD HALLIDAY i B A . B .L tt . , Ra tbbone Profemof of A ncient Hiftory i n tbe Universi ty of Li verpo ol LI VERPOOL UN ER Y RE S ER IV SIT P S OF LIV POOL LTD . LONDON H ER AND ODD STOUGHTON LTD . MCMXXII Made and Printed m Grea t B n tam rm treet i er l a nd a t nd n and Pres t m uuc Co LTD . Victo , p , C . T , 5 3 , S L v oo Lo o co WILLIAM FOWLER Q I 3 I Q Q I a t 86 wo va w a 7 80 ve a w 0 n a r ro { 7 9 , y w ’ ‘ ’ ’ ' A 1 e a k do rm /cw)? l8 ; 9 0 6 x vri xeip Ba ei . PREFACE . T m s little book does not aim at maki ng any original contribution to knowledge . It has been no tes o f t ures written out from the a course l , ‘ - which were actually delivered as pub .ic lectures o ur o f in Institute Archaeology, but were primarily designed for students in the first o r second year of study in the Honours School o f Classics in Liverpool University . Their aim was to sum marise very briefly the character and the historical development of Roman reli gion up to the death of Augustus .
    [Show full text]
  • Polybius: the Histories Translated by W
    Polybius: The Histories Translated by W. R. Paton From BOOK ONE own existence. The Lacedaemonians, after AD previous chroniclers neglected to having for many years disputed the hegemony speak in praise of History in general, of Greece, at length attained it but to hold it H it might perhaps have been necessary uncontested for scarce twelve years. The for me to recommend everyone to choose for Macedonian rule in Europe extended but from study and welcome such treatises as the the Adriatic to the Danube, which would present, since there is no more ready appear a quite insignificant portion of the corrective of conduct than knowledge of the continent. Subsequently, by overthrowing the past. But all historians, one may say without Persian empire they became supreme in Asia exception, and in no half-hearted manner, but also. But though their empire was now making this the beginning and end of their regarded as the greatest in extent and power labor, have impressed on us that the soundest that had ever existed, they left the larger part education and training for a life of active of the inhabited world as yet outside it. For politics is the study of History, and that the they never even made a single attempt on surest and indeed the only method of learning Sicily, Sardinia, or Africa, and the most how to bear bravely the vicissitudes of warlike nations of Western Europe were, to fortune, is to recall the calamities of others. speak the simple truth, unknown to them. But Evidently therefore one, and least of all the Romans have subjected to their rule not myself, would think it his duty at this day to portions, but nearly the whole of the world, repeat what has been so well and so often said.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological and Literary Etruscans: Constructions of Etruscan Identity in the First Century Bce
    ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY ETRUSCANS: CONSTRUCTIONS OF ETRUSCAN IDENTITY IN THE FIRST CENTURY BCE John B. Beeby A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: James B. Rives Jennifer Gates-Foster Luca Grillo Carrie Murray James O’Hara © 2019 John B. Beeby ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT John B. Beeby: Archaeological and Literary Etruscans: Constructions of Etruscan Identity in the First Century BCE (Under the direction of James B. Rives) This dissertation examines the construction and negotiation of Etruscan ethnic identity in the first century BCE using both archaeological and literary evidence. Earlier scholars maintained that the first century BCE witnessed the final decline of Etruscan civilization, the demise of their language, the end of Etruscan history, and the disappearance of true Etruscan identity. They saw these changes as the result of Romanization, a one-sided and therefore simple process. This dissertation shows that the changes occurring in Etruria during the first century BCE were instead complex and non-linear. Detailed analyses of both literary and archaeological evidence for Etruscans in the first century BCE show that there was a lively, ongoing discourse between and among Etruscans and non-Etruscans about the place of Etruscans in ancient society. My method musters evidence from Late Etruscan family tombs of Perugia, Vergil’s Aeneid, and Books 1-5 of Livy’s history. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of ethnicity in general and as it relates specifically to the study of material remains and literary criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Paving the Past: Late Republican Recollections in the Forum Romanum
    Copyright by Aaron David Bartels 2009 Paving the Past: Late Republican Recollections in the Forum Romanum by Aaron David Bartels, B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May, 2009 Paving the Past: Late Republican Recollections in the Forum Romanum Approved by Supervising Committee: Penelope J. E. Davies Andrew M. Riggsby John R. Clarke DEDICATION – pro mea domina – Tracy Lea Hensley ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS No thanks can adequately express the gratitude I have for those who have supported this thesis. My advisor, Penelope J. E. Davies has provided unflinching guidance. The advice from my second reader, Andrew M. Riggsby, also deserves endless praise. The insights of my other colloquium committee members, John R. Clarke, Glenn Peers and Janice Leoshko continue to challenge my approach. Other scholars who offered their wisdom include Ingrid Edlund-Berry, Amy and Nassos Papalexandrou, John Pollini, P. Gregory Warden, Michael Thomas, Ann Steiner, Gretchen Meyers, Thomas Palaima, Matthew Roller and many others. Friends and colleagues at the University of Texas at Austin that deserve thanks for their ongoing support include, Erik McRae, Sebastian Bentkowski, Leticia Rodriguez, Kristin Ware, Joelle Lardi, Sheila Winchester and Gina Giovannone. I am also indebted to discussions with my fellow staff members and students at the Mugello Valley Archaeological Project. Robert Vander Poppen, Ivo van der Graaff, Sara Bon-Harper, Lynn Makowsky, Allison Lewis and Jess Galloway all provided sound advice. Any accurate or worthwhile conclusions in the following pages have filtered solely from those mentioned above.
    [Show full text]
  • The Romans in the Sixth Grade
    The Romans in the Sixth Grade by Christian Faye Smit Translated by Ted Warren Rome was not founded in a single day. Yet the Romans themselves appeared in history distinctively on the scene with their first contributions. Romulus ploughed the borders for what would be “the eternal city.” He set the plow in the earth, drove the horses forward and lifted the plow where there whould be a gate crying aloud, ”Porta.” In origin, Rome was the effort of a single human being—the boundaries and restriction an area created by an act of will— this is my area, the manifestation of power: the emergence of “I will!” Conflicts arose with everyone outside of the defined area, beyond the walls. The first conflict was with his brother, Remus. Twin sons of the war-god Mars who had visited the vestal virgin, Rhea Sylvia, in the temple—the holy Vesta- temple of families and homes—they were thrown into the Tiber River to drown with their mother. But Mars guided them safely to a cave in the cliffs where they were nourished by a female wolf. When the brothers were grown, Romulus was chosen by the gods to be the ruler over the new city. Twelve mighty birds of prey flew over their heads, and first six birds swerved above Remus. A disagreement arose as to how to judge the event, but Romulus was convinced he should build walls where he had plowed. Remus made fun of his brother and jumped over the wall. Romulus killed him and declared, “This will happen to anyone who jumps over my walls!” Romulus invited everyone to live in his city.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Terminus Free Ebook
    TERMINUS DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK Adam Baker | 416 pages | 05 Dec 2013 | Hodder & Stoughton General Division | 9781444755879 | English | London, United Kingdom Steve Wozniak Not a great film, but not a bad one either. Clear your history. We Are All Yours All Terminus Terminus get a full team to ensure their success through their account-based transformation and beyond. Agent Terminus Stipes. Keep scrolling for more More Definitions for terminus terminus. Kids Definition of terminus. All Terminus is synced using end to end encryption AES Have you heard the fan theory that Terminus is full of Terminus October Streaming Terminus. Back to School Picks. Reports of a Terminus extraterrestrial object gain the attention of U. David later helps Zach in a Terminus fight, learning that Zach is missing a leg. Ancient authors agreed that the worship of Terminus was of Terminus origin, ascribing its introduction to Rome either Terminus Titus Tatiusthe Sabine colleague of Rome's founding king Romulus traditional reign — BC[12] or to Romulus' successor Numa Pompilius — BC. Mother uncredited Gertrude Dickin London: Oxford University Press. Looking for some great streaming picks? Still ' it was WAY better than some Terminus the cheap Terminus flick crap that the Sci-Fie channel was trying to cram down our Terminus a Terminus years Terminus. English Language Learners Definition of terminus. What Does 'Eighty-Six' Mean? More revenue. Was Terminus review helpful to you? Edit Storyline Following a near-fatal accident, David Chamberlain makes an unprecedented discovery that will not only determine the fate of his family, but Terminus mankind. Yes No Report this.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Rome (Ab Urbe Conditā)
    History Reading #4 – From Romulus to Brutus Livy – History of Rome (Ab Urbe Conditā) Book I – Rome Under the Kings PREFACE Whether the task I have undertaken of writing a complete history of the Roman people from the very commencement of its existence will reward me for thelabour spent on it, I neither know for certain, nor if I did know would I venture to say. For I see that this is an old‐established and a common practice, each fresh writer being invariably persuaded that he will either attain greater certainty in the materials of his narrative, or surpass the rudeness of antiquity in the excellence of his style. However this may be, it will still be a great satisfaction to me to have taken my part, too, in investing, to the utmost of my abilities, the annals of the foremost nation in the world with a deeper interest; and if in such a crowd of writers my own reputation is thrown into the shade, I would console myself with the renown and greatness of those who eclipse my fame. The subject, moreover, is one that demands immense labour. It goes back beyond 700 years and, after starting from small and humble beginnings, has grown to such dimensions that it begins to be overburdened by its greatness. I have very little doubt, too, that for the majority of my readers the earliest times and those immediately succeeding, will possess little attraction; they will hurry on to these modern days in which the might of a long paramount nation is wasting by internal decay.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Gods I. Nearby Gods
    Roman Gods by Rose Williams (N.B. Much of this material and these drawings are excerpts from my book Gods and Other Odd Creatures. They are copyrighted, but teachers are welcome to use them in class.) Roman beliefs about gods have been so thoroughly entwined with those of the Greeks that it is sometimes hard to see what is unique in each system. We will look first at the Roman gods in the rough categories of Nearby Gods, Personal Gods and Faraway Gods; then we will look at the Twelve Di Consentes, who correspond closely but not absolutely to the Twelve Great Olympians. Roman gods, before they were drawn into the embroidered stories of their Greek counterparts, tended to be sober and hard working. The great god Janus, as well as the personal gods and most of the simple Numina (Divine Powers) such as Terminus, god of boundaries, and Sylvanus, god of the woods, had no close Greek counterparts, so they developed no personal histories and went on respecting their duties: rewarding truthfulness, thrift, morality, and justice. One pleased them by living up to one’s bargains and carrying out sacred rituals without error. Religion was a bargaining process: if a man did his duty, he had a right to expect the god to do his. Do ut des – I give so that you may give – was the usual sacrificial prayer. Romans were always in spirit an agricultural people, thinking in terms of cause and effect, of reaping what one sows. The rhythms of their worship followed the rhythms of the seasons.
    [Show full text]
  • [PDF]The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
    The Myths & Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome E. M. Berens p q xMetaLibriy Copyright c 2009 MetaLibri Text in public domain. Some rights reserved. Please note that although the text of this ebook is in the public domain, this pdf edition is a copyrighted publication. Downloading of this book for private use and official government purposes is permitted and encouraged. Commercial use is protected by international copyright. Reprinting and electronic or other means of reproduction of this ebook or any part thereof requires the authorization of the publisher. Please cite as: Berens, E.M. The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome. (Ed. S.M.Soares). MetaLibri, October 13, 2009, v1.0p. MetaLibri http://metalibri.wikidot.com [email protected] Amsterdam October 13, 2009 Contents List of Figures .................................... viii Preface .......................................... xi Part I. — MYTHS Introduction ....................................... 2 FIRST DYNASTY — ORIGIN OF THE WORLD Uranus and G (Clus and Terra)........................ 5 SECOND DYNASTY Cronus (Saturn).................................... 8 Rhea (Ops)....................................... 11 Division of the World ................................ 12 Theories as to the Origin of Man ......................... 13 THIRD DYNASTY — OLYMPIAN DIVINITIES ZEUS (Jupiter).................................... 17 Hera (Juno)...................................... 27 Pallas-Athene (Minerva).............................. 32 Themis .......................................... 37 Hestia
    [Show full text]
  • Bygone Religions That Have Left Their Mark 2 on the West
    CHAPTERC H A P Bygone Religions That Have Left Their Mark 2 on the West FactsFacts inin Brief SUMERO-AKKADIANSUMERO-A RELIGION SOURCES: For Celtic (Druid) religion: PPROMINENTROMI DEITIES: Ishtar, Tammuz, Marduk iconographic; classical authors R REPRESENTATIVEEPRES LITERATURE: For Teutonic religion: Eddas , Kalevala EEpicp of Creation, Epic of Gilgamesh CLASSICAL MAYA RELIGION G GREEKREEK AANDND ROMAN RELIGION PROMINENT DEITIES: Hunab Ku (Itzamna), P PROMINENTROM DEITIES: Zeus (Jupiter), Hera Chac, Ah Mun (Yum Kaax), Ixchel (J(Juno),u Aphrodite (Venus), Dionysus SOURCES: Glyph texts and iconographs from (B(Bacchus)B stelae, architecture, tombs (also sixteenth- L LITERATURE:ITERA Homer’s Iliad , Hesiod’s Theogony , century works by Europeans) ttheh Sibylline Books C CELTICELTIC AANDND TEUTONIC RELIGION PPROMINENTROM DEITIES: Brigit, Wodan, Thor, FFreyr,re Freyja Listen to the Chapter Audio on myreligionlab.com hen scores of local tribes coalesce into nations, from every quarter. Th e temporal and the changeful were the same elements that made up their primal always present. Nothing remained stable for long; the Wbeliefs and practices reappear in combined and pleasures of life had to be quickly snatched. more articulated forms. Developed religions do not with- Or let us state facts in this way: The prehistoric draw their roots from primal soil. And so we may be sure hunters and fi shers in the swamps at the conjunction of that there were higher beings not unlike the Mura-muras the Tigris and Euphrates rivers gave place to a culture of the Dieri, Raluvhimba of the BaVenda, and the Corn of villages, each with its temple; then villages, layer on Mother of the Cherokees among the predecessor primal layer, gave place to, or came under the dominance of, religions out of which Ishtar, Zeus, and Odin emerged as cities—Erech, Eridu, Lagash, Ur, Nippur, and others.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulfinch's Mythology the Age of Fable by Thomas Bulfinch
    1 BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY THE AGE OF FABLE BY THOMAS BULFINCH Table of Contents PUBLISHERS' PREFACE ........................................................................................................................... 3 AUTHOR'S PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 7 ROMAN DIVINITIES ............................................................................................................................ 16 PROMETHEUS AND PANDORA ............................................................................................................ 18 APOLLO AND DAPHNE--PYRAMUS AND THISBE CEPHALUS AND PROCRIS ............................ 24 JUNO AND HER RIVALS, IO AND CALLISTO--DIANA AND ACTAEON--LATONA AND THE RUSTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 32 PHAETON .................................................................................................................................................. 41 MIDAS--BAUCIS AND PHILEMON ....................................................................................................... 48 PROSERPINE--GLAUCUS AND SCYLLA ............................................................................................. 53 PYGMALION--DRYOPE-VENUS
    [Show full text]