From Vietnam and Thailand

Acta Chiropterologica, 8(1): 83–93, 2006 PL ISSN 1508-1109 © Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS New records of Microchiroptera (Rhinolophidae and Kerivoulinae) from Vietnam and Thailand VU DINH THONG1, SARA BUMRUNGSRI2, DAVID L. HARRISON3, MALCOLM J. PEARCH3, KRISTOFER M. HELGEN4, 5, and PAUL J. J. BATES3, 6 1Institute for Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand 90112 3Harrison Institute, Centre for Systematics and Biodiversity Research, Bowerwood House, St. Botolph's Road, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN13 3AQ, Great Britain 4School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia 5South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia 6Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] The diversity of Rhinolophidae in Thailand and Vietnam is briefly discussed and the taxonomy of Asian Kerivoulinae, with particular reference to the genus Phoniscus, is reviewed. Four new country records are included: Rhinolophus shameli and Kerivoula kachinensis from Vietnam and Phoniscus jagorii from Vietnam and Thailand. A second record of Phoniscus atrox from Thailand is also discussed. Key words: Rhinolophus shameli, Phoniscus jagorii, P. atrox, Kerivoula kachinensis, Thailand, Vietnam, systematics, distribution, ecology INTRODUCTION included by Csorba et al. (2003), was omit- ted. Of the others, Borissenko and Kruskop Of the 73 species of Rhinolophus cur- (2003) included R. cf. rouxi, on the basis of rently described (Cotterill, 2002; Fahr et al., specimens from Phong Nha-Ke Bang Na- 2002; Csorba et al., 2003), 30 are known tional Park but the identification was ‘pro- from mainland southern and South-East visional’ and they stated that specimens Asia (Bates et al., 2004). Of these, 17 are may prove to represent another taxon. The recorded from Thailand, or 18 if R. siamen- inclusion of R. subbadius was based on sis is treated as a distinct taxon from R. ma- Huynh et al. (1994) and Corbet and Hill crotis (Simmons, 2005). Csorba et al. (1992), which in turn was based on Osgood (2003) included 13 species of Rhinolophus (1932). However, Borissenko and Kruskop from Vietnam. Borissenko and Kruskop (2003) and Csorba et al. (2003) suggest that (2003) listed 17, of which one, R. acumina- both records may represent R. pusillus. Two tus, was the first country record. Five others species, R. yunanensis and R. shameli, are were based on provisional or doubtful included on the basis of the unpublished re- records and one, R. sinicus, which was port entitled “Preliminary report on the bats 84 V. D. Thong, S. Bumrungsri, D. L. Harrison, M. J. Pearch, K. M. Helgen, and P. J. J. Bates of Pu Mat Nature Reserve. Fauna and Flora about one half, and its height one half or International, Indochina Programme, Ha less, that of the first (I2) (in Kerivoula the Noi” of B. Hayes and T. Howard (in litt.). greatest diameter is equal or subequal to The status of such records, which have been that of I2 and the height one half or more — included in the ‘grey literature’ but not in Fig. 3). In addition to the characters of Hill peer-reviewed publications, is problemati- (1965), it should be noted that in Phoniscus, cal. It is therefore of value to include here the second upper incisor (I3) is also marked- the first published record of R. shameli ly reduced in size (both area and height) in based on specimens from the central high- comparison to C1 (in Kerivoula, I2 is not so lands. reduced relative to C1 — Figs. 2 and 3). The taxonomy of the Kerivoulinae in Tate (1941) included six species in Phonis- Asia is also problematical. Hill (1965) not- cus (P. rapax, P. atrox, P. javanus, P. agnel- ed that bats of the genera Kerivoula (Gray, la, P. myrella and P. papuensis). Hill (1965) 1842) and Phoniscus (Miller, 1905) are rel- recognized four species (P. atrox, P. papu- atively uncommon in reference collections. ensis, P. jagorii and P. aerosa); he treated To some extent, this is still the case today, P. rapax and P. javanus as junior synonyms although the advent of the harp trap has of P. jagorii and transferred P. agnella and led to a recent and dramatic increase in P. myrella to Kerivoula. This arrangement the frequency of their collection in the field has been followed by Corbet and Hill (Kingston et al., 2003; Struebig et al., (1992) and Simmons (2005). 2005). Hill (1965) also noted that the taxo- The current paper includes further nomic status of Phoniscus was uncertain. records of Phoniscus from mainland South- Some bat taxonomists treated Phoniscus as East Asia. Currently, the only records congeneric with Kerivoula (Ryan, 1965; from this area (here defined as Myanmar, Koopman, 1993, 1994). Others considered the differentiating characters to be incon- clusive but maintained them as separate genera (Troughton, 1929) or as subgenera (Laurie and Hill, 1954) whilst others considered Phoniscus to be clearly separate from Kerivoula (Le Souef and Burrell, 1926; Miller, 1931; Tate, 1941; Hill, 1965; Medway, 1969; Lekagul and McNeely, 1988; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Flannery, 1995; Simmons, 2005). A detailed review of the characters used to distinguish Phoniscus from Kerivoula is included in Hill (1965) and summarized in Corbet and Hill (1992). It includes for Phoniscus: the tragus with a deep notch near the base (it is shallow in Kerivoula — Fig. 1); upper canine (C1) with longitudinal, lateral grooves on its outer face (it is smoothly rounded in Kerivoula — Fig. 2); 3 FIG. 1. Tragus of the left ear of Phoniscus (left) and second upper incisor (I ) much reduced Kerivoula (right); P. jagorii, XS.53, Vietnam and with its greatest (antero-posterior) diameter K. kachinensis, CMR-28, Vietnam. Scale = 2 mm New records of Microchiroptera from Vietnam and Thailand 85 Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia and Thai- including lowland evergreen forest, semi-evergreen land) are a single specimen of P. atrox forest, and a large area of bamboo. The buffer zone of recorded from southern Thailand by Kloss the park is covered by secondary forest with various vegetation types including shrubs and grasslands. (1916) and P. jagorii, and possibly P. atrox, There are also two medium-sized rivers, Dak Hodrai reported from Lao PDR (Francis et al., and Krong Po Ko, which are tributaries of the Me- 1999). In addition to the data on Phoniscus, kong River system. this paper includes a significant new record Huai-Thab Tan-Huai Samran Wildlife Sanctuary, which is located in Surin Province along the Thai- of Kerivoula kachinensis, which is based on land-Cambodia border, covers an area of 48,000 ha three specimens from Vietnam. This is only and is predominantly a plateau with an elevation of the second record of this recently described between 200 to 500 m a.s.l. The vegetation is charac- species (Bates et al., 2004) and the first re- terized by dry evergreen forest mixed with dry dipte- cord of its occurrence outside Myanmar. rocarp and deciduous forest. Most of this forest is disturbed. It is less disturbed along the border. The cli- This paper represents one of the first mate is seasonal, with a rainy season from May to outputs of a programme of studies, co-ordi- September and a dry season from November to April. nated by the Harrison Institute and support- Bala Forest covers an area of 17,000 ha and has ed by the UK Government’s Darwin Initia- an altitudinal range of about 100–963 m a.s.l. The for- tive programme, to promote collaborative est is ‘Malesian type’ tropical rain forest (Whitmore, 1984). It is surrounded by fruit orchards and rubber research between bat taxonomists from dif- plantations. Numerous small streams are found in the ferent countries and institutions in mainland narrow valleys. Small patches of peat swamp forest South-East Asia. are also present. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens and Measurements All of the recent specimens from Vietnam and Study Areas Thailand, which are listed below, were collected in harp traps. Specimens were measured with digital In Vietnam, a number of field surveys was con- calipers, weighed and preserved in 70% ethanol. The ducted at Xuan Son National Park between November skulls were subsequently extracted, prepared and 2003 and September 2004. The National Park is situ- measured. ated at Thanh Son District, Phu Tho Province, about The following external, cranial and dental meas- 75 km north-west of Hanoi (21°03’– 21°12’N, urements were taken using digital calipers. HB: head 104°51’–105°01’E). The elevation ranges from ca. and body length, from the tip of the snout to the base 200 m to 1,386 m at the highest point, which is the of the tail, dorsally; TAIL: tail length, from the tip of mountain peak of Dinh Voi (Anon, 1995b). Limestone the tail to its base adjacent to the anus; HF: foot karst, which contains a large number of caves, covers length, from the extremity of the heel behind the os about one third of the Park’s area. Some of the caves calcis to the extremity of the longest digit, not includ- contain river systems and many of them are diurnal ing the claws; TIBIA: length of tibia, from the knee roosting sites for bats that forage within the Park joint to the ankle; FA: forearm length, from the ex- and/or its surrounding areas. The vegetation types tremity of the elbow to the extremity of the carpus comprise lowland and lower montane evergreen for- with the wings folded; E: ear length, from the lower est. Primary forest still covers the core zone of the border of the external auditory meatus to the tip of the Park, where there is little serious disturbance from lo- pinna; GTL: greatest length of the skull, the greatest cal communities (Anon, 1995b).

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