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Small Mail Newsletter celebrating the most useful yet most neglected for CCINSA & RISCINSA -- Chiroptera, Rodent, Insectivore, & Scandens Conservation and Information Networks of South Asia Volume 1 Number 2 Aug-Dec 2009

Greetings Batters and Ratters ! Contents We have had no complaints as yet about the combination of the two taxa fondly referred as “ ‘n rats” in our New Network Members CCINSA / RISCINSA newsletter, or our training workshops which have covered P. 2 both taxa for a long time. BCI has a New Leader, P. 2 This half of the year, we conducted two seperate training workshops that were very different. The first was in Importance of monitoring non-volant small mammals in , a field techniques training workshop held often in the Western Ghats, Meena Venkatraman, Pp. 3-7 the outdoors, and the second was a and ecolation Opinion, Rajith Dissanayake, P. 8 training held in at the famous MKU Lab as well as an occasional foray out to test the echolator. Bats of , Hari Adhikari, Pp. 9-16 Another interesting information is that IUCN SSC has Conservation status of rodents in Sri Lanka, Mayuri requested the Chiroptera Specialist Group to change its R. Wijesinghe, Pp. 17-18 name to Bat Specialist Group. We will not change our Notes on Breeding Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa network name...we will remain CCINSA. indica) at Mysore Zoo, Lakshminarasimha R and Anil Good wishes, Sally Walker, Convenor Garg, Pp. 19-20 Flex Board at Nagarjuna Reporting from Godawari, Sanjan Thapa, Suchieta Shrestha, Sagar Dahal, Arjun Thapa and Rameshwor Kaphle, Pp. 21-23 Lunar Phobia in a Microchiropteran Bat, speoris, S. Suthakar Isaac, Pp. 24-25 The Threat of Climate Change, R.A. Adams, Pp. 26-28 The Training Tale of Hari Adhikari, S. Walker, Pp. 29- 30 Sighting of the Lesser False spasma in Phansad WildlifeSanctuary, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra, India. Nikhil Bhopale1 and Kavita Malya, Pp. 31 Netting technique, capture and handling of giganteus, Sudhakaran M.R. and Swamidoss, D.P., Pp. 31- 32 Obituary - Prof. Dr. A. Gopalakrishna, P. 33 Training in Field techniques for Small mammals, Bhutan, Sonam Choden and R. Marimuthu, Pp. 34-38 Bat Taxonomy and Echolocation Workshop for Researchers at M.K.U., B.A. Daniel, Pp. 39-44 On 11 July, 2009 Small Mammals Conservation and Public Education on Bats throughout India using Research Foundation, SMCRF displayed a 4x3 square feet materials funded by BCI, Pp. 45-46 flex board at the Nagarjuna Peace Cave, Kathmandu. The board includes the information and importance of bats and Announcement: Bat Biology and Conservation it’s conservation aspect. The objective of the program is Workshop. P 47 to create an awareness on conservation of bats to locals and tourists visiting the caves. Sanjan Thapa

Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA combined 1 Volume 1, Number 2, Aug-Dec 2009 Bats of Nepal Hari Adhikari Introduction Additional information on locality records and habitat The present knowledge on bats of Nepal is incomplete preferences has been provided by Worth & Shah due to insufficient surveys. Based on the different (1969) and Chesemore (1970) (see Mitchell 1980). published literatures and research done on different parts of Nepal, 58 of bats belonging to 25 Between 1967 to 1970, five new species of bats were genera are reported to exist and other 23 species of collected from districts of Banke, Dang-Deokhuri, 18 genera of bats have the possibility of occuring in Ilam and Sindu (Mitchell 1980). Myotis csorboi was the country. brachyotis and Sphaerias collected 4km east of Syangja, at 1300m elevation, blanfordi have been referenced in different Syangja District, about 30km south of Pokhara Town, literatures with scarce information and their presence Nepal by Dr. G. Csorba on 23 July 1995 and deposited in Nepal is uncertain. Nepal has high diversity in in the Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural geographical and topographical features, which has History Museum, Budapest. G.Y. Topal made a led to the presence of many bat species. Extremely statistical analysis of some other species of the remote areas and mountains have not been surveyed, subgenus Leuconoe () to describe this which may have the possibility of supporting as yet species as new to science (Topal 1997). undescribed species. In the absence of legal protection, survival of these species is threatened. During the further zoological expeditions by the staff of the Hungarian Museum in , the Bat research conducted in the past in Nepal reveals specimen of io was collected for the first time many new species for the country. History of from Nepal in Gandaki Province Bimalnagar, Sidda Chiroptera research dates back to 1823 when Brian H. Ghupa (Monk Cave), 750m. Altogether four males and Hodgson collected mammals till 1843 which laid the two females were collected by G. Csorba, Gy. Laszlo, foundation of Himalayan mammalogy (Hinton et al. G. Ronkay and L. Ronkay (Csorba 1998). 1923). Hodgson reported 11 genera and 17 species (Gray 1863) and Scully (1888) recorded nine genera On the second half of the 20th century, some Russian and 19 species (see Mitchell 1980). and Hungarian expeditions came to Nepal for the purpose of collecting voucher specimens of bats for After a century of Hodgson’s collection, mammals museums and making field observations. Specimens of were collected from August 1920 to March 1921 by Lt. Ia io, cyclotis and hardwickii Col. R.L. Kennion with the assistance of the Society’s represent first records of these species from Nepal Collector, N.A. Baptista. This expedition led to while Myotis csorbai proved to be new species. 23 conformation of bat species, and some new species species were conformed for their existence in Nepal were also found. Altogether 23 species of bats were and checklist of 51 bat species known to date from identified (Hinton et al. 1923). Later during the the territory of Nepal (Cscorba et al. 1999). period 17 May 1922 to 17 May 1923, N.A. Baptista working in the districts lying to the west of Kathmandu With the aim of improving knowledge of bat fauna of collected some 591 specimens, most of which belong to the especially poorly known lowlands of southwestern species to which references was made in the above Nepal, bat expedition work in and around the Royal mentioned Report. Three new bat species not referred Chitwan National Park, Chitwan District, and a small in previous report were observed (Fry 1925). collection in Kathmandu was done during March 1990, resulted in the capture of 143 specimens of bats, E. In 1948-1949, S. Dillon Ripley led a field party to spelaea and E. dimissus were reported from the first Nepal to collect natural history specimens for Yale time from Nepal, and the presence of University and the Smithsonian Institution. One- pusillus and Kerivoula picta was verified. Based on the hundred-twelve specimens of mammals were obtained. distributions in neighboring areas, however, we Subsequently, the study showed that of 35 species suspect that at least 40 additional species might be represented, two species of bats ( heathii expected to occur in Nepal (Myers 2000). heathii and Cynopterus sphinx gangeticus) were found. Books on mammals of Nepal including bats species The Long-eared Bat, homochrous was (Shrestha 1997) is full of taxonomic inconsistencies. collected from the Mustang District of Nepal by Sanborn (1950). Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) Coordinator, Natural Resources Research and Conser- list nine genera and 17 species of bats in their vation Center (NaReCon) & Country Representative, IUCN checklist of Palearctic and Indian mammals. SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group CSG. [email protected], [email protected], Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA combined 9 Volume 1, Number 2, Aug-Dec 2009 Compilation on bats of Nepal based on museum References: specimens and literature reviews is provided by Bates Acharya P.R. & L.A. Ruedas 2007. The Bat Fauna of & Harrison (1997). Based on literature review, the Nepal: A current prospectus. BatNet CCINSA Newsletter most recent compilation of mammals of Nepal is 8(1-2). supplied by Baral & Shah (2008). Some research has Acharya, P.R. 2006. Distribution of Roosting and been carried by young Nepalese researchers (Phuyal Survival Threats of Bat in Pokhara Valley with Reference 2005; Acharya 2006; Aryal et al. 2009; Thapa et al. to Species and Population Survey at Chamere Gupha. A 2009) in eastern, central and some of the western Dissertation Submitted to the Central Department of parts of Nepal. After special training on volant and Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. non-volant mammals organized by Zoo Outreach Adhikari, H. 2008. Bat Conservation Takes Root in Nepal, Organization in 2007 bat research has been BATS, Bat Conservation International Newsletter, frequently done in Nepal. Adhikari found eight www.batcon.org 26(4):9-10. species of bats from Palpa District, which are Adhikari, H. 2008a. Bat Species Richness and Their recorded for the first time from this district. Voucher Distribution in Pokhara Valley of Nepal. The Initiation, specimens preserved in 70% ethanol were prepared Annual Publication of Student Forum for Forestry and deposited in NaReCon. Checklist on bats of Nepal Research and Environment Conservation (SUFFREC), Volume based on literature reviews (Acharya et al. 2007; 1, Year -2. Adhikari 2008a) and field surveys from Districts like Adhikari, H. & K.C.M. 2008. One Day Training Kaski, Tanahun, Kathmandu Valley, and some eastern Programme on Bat, Organized at Bat Cave, Pokhara, Nepal, regions of Nepal are available. Midwestern and far BATNET, Newsletter of the Chiroptera Conservation and western parts of Nepal have not been surveyed yet. Information Network of South Asia, (CCINSA) and the From both taxonomical and zoo-geographical point of IUCN SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group of South Asia 9(1) view, the forested parts of the Himalaya main range Jan–July: 21 –22. are the most promising and interesting areas where Aryal, A & S.K. Dhungel 2009. Species diversity and occurrence of bat species new to this fauna and even distribution of bats in Panchase region of Nepal, Tiger for science can be expected (Csorba et al. 1999). Paper 36(2) April–June: 14-18. Baral, H.S. & K.B. Shah 2008. Wild Mammals of Nepal. Currently, a few organizations are working intensively Himalayan Nature, Kathmandu, 128-157pp. on bat research and awareness (Natural Resources Research and Conservation Center (NaReCon), Small Bates, P.J.J. & D.L. Harrison. 1997. Bats of the Indian Mammals Conservation and Research Foundation, BAT subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum Publications, Sevenoaks, Kent, United Kingdom. FRIENDS, Nature, etc.). Conservation awareness program had been launched using FM Radio in Palpa Corbet, G.B. & J.E. Hill. 1992. The Mammals of the District and Pokhara Valley, and local and national Indomalayan Region: A Systematic Review. Natural History newspapers to cover huge massess of people. Museum Publications, London, 488 pp. Awareness campaigns are launched with educational Csorba, G. 1998. The distribution of the Great Evening materials provided by ZOO, CCINSA and WILD from Bat Ia io in the Indo-Malayan region. Myotis 36: 197–201. India. Activities at schools, university and community Csorba G., P. Ujhelyi & N. Thomas 2003. Horseshoe level are organized to save the threatened species and Bats of the World (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). to remove misconceptions regarding bats. More detailed research needs to be done in this country, Csorba, G, S.V Kruskop & A.V. Borissenko 1999. Recent which has possibility of finding new species to the records of bats (Chiroptera) from Nepal, with remarks on their natural history. Mammalia 63(1): 61-78. world. Below is the that are available and possibly available from Nepal. Fry, T.B. 1925. Report No 37a: Nepal. Bombay Natural History Society’s Mammal Survey of India, Burma and Acknowledgement Ceylon. Journal Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 30: 525-530. I would like to thank Prof. P.O. Nameer (Kerala Hinton, M.A.C. & T.B. Fry. 1923. Report No. 37: Nepal. Agriculture University), Sanjay Molur and Sally Bombay Natural History Scoiety’s Mammal Survey of India, Walker madam (Zoo Outreach Organization), Dr. Burma and Ceylon. Journal Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 29: 399– Sripathi Kandula (Madurai Kamaraj University) Dr. C. 428. Srinivasulu (Osmania University) and Malcolm Pearch Johnson, D.H., S.D. Ripley & K. Thonglongya 1980. (Harrison Institute) for continuous support and Mammals of Nepal. Journal Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 77: 56- encouragement for drafting this report. I am indebted 63. to Laxmi Karki (NaReCon) for collecting various Myers, P., J.D. Smith, H. Lama & K.F. Koopman (1999); literatures and books on mammals of Nepal. A recent collection of bats from Nepal, with notes on dimissus. Zeitschrift fur Saugeteirkunde- International Journal of Mammalian Biology 65(3): 149-156.

10 Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA combined Volume 1, Number 2, Aug-Dec 2009 Mitchell, R.M. 1980. New records of Table 1: Bats of Nepal bats (Chiroptera) from Nepal Mammalia. 44(3): 339–342 DOI: Order CHIROPTERA (BATS) 10.1515/mamm.1980.44.3.339. Sub  order Megachiroptera Molur, S., G. Marimuthu, C. a. Family Pteropodidae: Old world fruit bats Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, i) Genus (Gray,1821) 1) Rousettus leschenaulti Boitakri; Kathmandu (Ref 1); Molur et al. (2002) - NT; P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K.Padma (Desmarest,1820) Annapurna Himal (Ref 2); IUCN / SSC Action Plan Priya and A.R. Binu priya (Editors) Fulvous Fruit bat CNP (Ref 4) (1992) - No T; IUCN 2003 - 2002. Status of South Asian (Leschenaults Rousette) Lower Risk (lc) Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment ii) Genus Pteropus (Brisson,1762) and Management Plan (C.A.M.P). 2) Pteropus giganteus Kathmandu; Japa (Ref 1 and Molur et al. (2002)-NT; Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach (Brunnich,1782) 3) Palpa, Pokhara, CITES - Appx II; IUCN Organization, CBSG S.Asia and WILD, Biratnagar, Dang SSC Action Plan (1992). No Coimbatore, India, vii+141pp+CD-Rom. T; IUCN 2003 - Lower Risk Phuyal, S.P. 2005. Survey of bats of (lc) Pokhara Valley, Nepal. Report iii) Genus Cynopterus (Cuvier, F., 1824) submitted to Bat Conservation 3) Cynopterus sphinx Chisapani; Salthar; Molur et al. (2002) - LC; International, Austin, Texas, USA. (Vahl,1797) Barabisse; She bu; Wana; IUCN / SSC Action Plan August 2005. Greater Short - nosed Fruit Tumlingter (Ref 1); Sauraha; (1992) - No T; IUCN 2003 - bat CNP (Nandon Tal, Dudora Lower Risk (lc) Shrestha, T.K. 1997. Mammals of Nala) (Ref 4);Butwal Nepal: with reference to those of 4) Cynopterus brachyotis Status in Nepal is unclear IUCN / SSC Action Plan India, , Bhutan and Pakistan. (Muller, 1838) (Ref 1 and 3) (1992) - No T; IUCN 2003 - 371pp. Lesser Dog-faced Fruit bat, Lower Risk (lc) Lesser short-nosed Fruit Bat Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order iv) Genus Sphaerias (Miller, 1906) Chiroptera. Pp. 312-529. In: D.E. 5) Sphaerias blanfordi Eastern Nepal - no further Molur et al. (2002) - NT; Wilson & D.M Reeder, (eds.). Mammal (Thomas, 1891) details (Ref 1) IUCN / SSC Action Plan Species of the World: A Taxonomic Blanfords Fruit bat (1992) - No Data; IUCN and Geographic Reference, 3rd Edition, 2003 - Lower Risk (lc) Volume 1. Johns Hopkins University v) Genus Press. 6) Eonycteris spelaea No further details (Ref 3); IUCN / SSC Action Plan (Dobson, 1871) Sauraha,Narayani; CNP (1992) - No T; IUCN 2003 - Smith A.T. & Y. Xie. 2008. A Guide Lesser Dawn bat (Tiger Tops) (Ref 4) Lower Risk (lc)

to the Mammals of .  Sub  order Microchiroptera Thapa S.B. 2009. First phase Survey a. Family : Sheath  tailed bats of Microchiroptera in Plains (Terai) of vi) Genus (E. Geoffroy, 1818) Eastern Nepal. Small Mammals 7) Taphozous longimanus No exact location (Ref 1) Molur et al. (2002) - DD; Conservation and Research Foundation, (Hardwicke, 1825) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal, Long - winged Tomb bat Action Plan (2001) - Lower vi+17pp. Risk (lc). Thapa, A. & S.B. Thapa 2009. b. Family : False Vampire bats Baseline Survey of bats roosting in vii) Genus Megaderma (E. Geoffroy, 1810) Kailash Cave, Syangja District, 8) Megaderma lyra (E . Hazaria; Kathmandu; Molur et al. (2002) - LC; Geoffroy, 1810) Barabisse (Ref 1); IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Western Nepal. Small Mammals Greater False Vampire bat Kathmandu (Ref 2) Action Plan (2001) - Lower Conservation and Research Foundation, Risk (lc) New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal, d) Family Rhinolophidae : Horse shoe bats 10pp. viii) Genus Rhinolophus (Lacep ede, 1799) Thapa, S.B., R. Kaphle, A. Thapa, 9) Rhinolophus Kathmandu Valley (type Molur et al. (2002) - V ( S. Dahal 2009. A report on f err ume qui num (Schreber, location of tragatus), B1+2C; D2); IUCN 2003 and preliminary survey of microchiropteran 1774) Najarkot, Annigera, IUCN / SSC Action Plan bats in Kathmandu Valley. CDZ Small Greater Ghorepani, Langtang, Num, (2001) - Lower Risk ( nt) Mammal Club, Central Department of Ramechhap (Ref 1); Langtang Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Himal; Annapurna Himal; Kathmandu (Ref 2) and (Ref Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, ii+11pp. 3) Topal, G. 1997. A New mouse-eared 10) Rhinolophus affinis Bouzini; Kathmandu; Molur et al. (2002) - LC; bat species, from Nepal, with (Horsfield,1823) Dulegouda; Syangja; Bimal IUCN 2003 and IUCN / statistical analyses of some other Intermediate Horseshoe bat nagar; Barabisse; Shebu SSC Action Plan (2001) - species of subgenus Leuconoe (Ref 1), Kathmandu; Lower Risk (lc) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Acta Taplejung (Ref 2) & (Ref 3) Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 43(4): 375-402.

Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA combined 11 Volume 1, Number 2, Aug-Dec 2009 11) Rhinolophus sinicus (Andersen,1905) Sipuri; Thankot; Parchung; Godavari; Pulchowk; Molur et al . (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Chinese Num (Ref 1); Taplejung, Mamankhe, Annapurna and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Himal (Ref 2) and (Ref 3) Lower Risk (lc) 12) Rhinolophus pusillus (Temminck,1834) Soondarijal; Kathmandu Valley; Nagerjung Ban; Molur et al . (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Bimalnagar; Pokhara (Ref 1); Syangja; Taplejung; and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Annapurna Himal (Ref 2) and (Ref 3) Lower Risk (lc) 13) Rhinolophus subbadius (Blyth, 1844) (type locality of Subbadius); probably originated Molur et al . (2002) - E {B2ab (iii)}; Little Nepalese Horseshoe bat from the Kathmandu Valley, (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Data De fi cie nt 14) Rhinolophus lepidus ( Blyth, 1844) Sindu District, Illam District (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) Molur et al . (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Blyth;s Horseshoe bat and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Lower Risk (lc) 15) Rhinolophus macrotis ( Blyth, 1844) Kathmandu Valley (type locality of macrotis); Molur et al . (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Big - eared Horseshoe bat Dulegouda: Syangja; Kerabari (Ref 1); Batule and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Chour, Pokhara (Ref 2) and (Ref 3) Lower Risk (lc) 16) Rhinolophus luctus (Temminck,1834) Forest of Hatiban (type locality of perniger); Molur et al . (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Chalna 2 khel; Bouzini; Banss bahari; Num; Chovar and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) Lower Risk (lc) 17) Rhinolophus pearsonni (Horsfield,1851) Parchung, Bimalnagar; Sundarijal; Num; Molur et al . (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Pearson;s Horseshoe bat Kathmandu; Taplejung, Mamankhe (Ref 1), (Ref and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 2) and (Ref 3) Lower Risk (lc) e) Family : Leaf  nosed Bats ix) Genus Hipposideros Cineraceus (Gray,1831) 18) Hipposideros cineraceus (Blyth, 1853) Kathmandu Valley (Ref 1) Molur et al . (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Least Leaf -nosed bat; Ashy leaf 2 nosed bat and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Lower Risk (lc) 19) Hipposideros fulvus (Gray,1838) Kathmandu Valley (Ref 1) Molur et al . (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Fulvous Leaf 2 nosed bat and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Lower Risk (lc) 20) Hippos id er os pomona (K. Andersen, Mahendra Gupha (Ref 1) Molur et al . (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 1918) Ande rse n;s Leaf 2 nosed bat / Pomona and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 leaf 2 nosed bat Lower Risk (lc) 21) Hipposideros armi ger (Hodgson,1835) (Type locality of armiger) Kathmandu Valley; Molur et al . (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Great Hi malayan Leaf 2 nosed bat / Greater Syangja; near Pokhara; Bimalnagar; Pattibhagan; and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 leaf 2 nosed bat Bouzini; Bachek; Hathiban; Dano Kharka; Lower Risk (lc) Godavari; near Baglung; Gari; Num (Ref 1); Kaski District, Batulechaur (Ref 2); (Ref 3 ) Butwal; Argali; Palpa; f) Family Vespertilionidae: Evening bats x) Genus Myotis (Kaup,1829) 22) Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857) Tumlingtar (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) Molur et al . (2002) - V; IUCN 2003 Lesser Mouse - eared myotis and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Lower Risk (lc) 23) Myotis sicarius (Thomas,1915) Banss Bahari; Godavari (Ref 1); Annapurna Himal Molur et al . (2002) - V {B2ab (iii)}; Mandelli;s Mouse 2 eared bat. (Ref 2); (Ref 3) IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Vulnerable 24) Myotis formosus (Hodgson,1835) Kathmandu Valley (type loc. of formosus); Molur et al . (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Hodgson;s bat Ghorepani (Ref 1); Annapurna Himal (Ref 2) and and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 (Ref 3) Lower Risk (lc) 25) Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl,1819) Kathmandu (type locality of nipalensis) (Ref 1) Molur et al . (2002) - V {D1}; IUCN Wiskered bat and (Ref 3) 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Lower Risk (lc) 26) Myotis muricola (Gray,1846) Kathmandu Valley (type loc. of muricola); Molur et al . (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Nepalese Kontoum; Langtang; Those (Ref 1); Terhathum and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 District; Annapurna Himal (Ref2) and (Ref 3) Lower Risk (lc) 27) Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield,1855) Kathmandu Valley (Ref 1) Type locality Nepal, Molur et al . (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 ; Siliguri bat Siligori ( Ref 3) and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Lower Risk (lc) 28) Myotis longipes (Dobson,1873) Kailash cave, Syangja (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) Molur et al . (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Kashmir Cave bat and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) 2 Vulnerable

12 Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA combined Volume 1, Number 2, Aug-Dec 2009 29) Myotis csorbai (Topal, 1998) Subtropica l Forest of Syangja District, 4 K Molur et al. (2002) - DD; IUCN 2003 Csorbas Mouse  eared Myotis m E of Syangja, about 30 km S of Pokhara and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  to wn, 1300 m (Ref 2 and 3) Data Deficient 30) Myotis nipa lensis (Dobson, 1871) (Ref 3) Type locality Nepal, Kathmandu ( IUCN 2003  Not Evaluated not Nepalese Myotis Ref 5) considered in IUCN / SSC Action Plan. xi) Genus plecotus, Geoffroy, E., 1818 31) Plecotus auritus (L inn aeus,1 7 5 8 ) Jomson (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) Molur et al. (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Brown Long-eare d bat and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  Lo we r Risk (lc) 32) Plecotus austriacus (J. Fi sche r,1829) Ringmo (Ref 1) Molur et al. (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Grey long  eare d ba t and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  Lo we r Risk (lc) xii) Gen us (Gray,1821) 33) Barbastella leuc omelas No sp ecim ens or references seen except Molur et al. (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 (Cretzschmar,1830/31) for 5 localities show on map 60 of Co rb e t and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  Eastern Barbastelle and Hill (1992) (Ref 1); Annapurna Himal, 40 Lo we r Risk (lc) Km NW of Pokhara, vicinity of Banthanti, 22 00 m (Ref 2) and (Ref 3) xiii) Genus Scotomanes (Dobson,1875) 34) Sc otomanes ornatus (Blyth,1851) Sank hu wasabha (Ref 1); Annapurna Himal, Molur et al. (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 30 km NW of Pokhara, vicinity of Sudame, and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  1500m (Ref 2) Lo we r Risk (nt) xiv) Genus Sco to philus (Leach,1821) 35) Sc otophilus he athii (Horsfield,1831) Bhojbhawanpur; Darakhuti; Banke District; Molur et al. (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Greater Asi ati c Yellow House bat Dan g  Deokhuri District; Raxaul  Birganj and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  (Ref 1); Sau ra ha, Narayan i; CNP (Nandon Lo we r Risk (lc) Tal, Dudora Nala, Tige r To ps; Bardhaha Kh ola ) (Ref 4) 36) Sc otophilus kuhii (Leac h, 1821) (Ref 6) Molur et al. (2002)  NT; IUCN 20 03 Lesser Asi ati c Yellow House bat and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  Lo we r Risk (lc) xv) Genus Eptesicus (Rafinesque,1820) 37) Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber,1774) Tuml ingter (Ref 1) Molur et al. (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Common Se ro ti ne and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  Lo we r Risk (lc) 38) Eptesicus gobiensis (Bobrinskii,1926) Exact local ity not specified (Ref 1) and Molur et al. (2002) - DD; IUCN 2003 Bobrinskiis Serotine; Gobi (Ref 3) and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  Lo we r Risk (lc) 39) Eptesicus dimissus (Thomas 1916) Ch itwa n National Park, Dudora Na la, 4.3 Km Molur et al. (2002)  V; IUCN 2003 and Surat se ro ti ne SW Sau ra ha; Tiger Tops (Ref 3 and 4) IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable 40) Eptesicus pac hyotis (Dobson, 1871) (Ref 4) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan Thick - eared bat (2001)  Low er Risk (nt). xvi) Genus Ia (Thomas,1902) 41) Ia io (Thomas, 1902) Bimalnagar (Ref 1 and 2) Molur et al. (2002) - CR {B1ab (iii) + 2ab Great (iii)}; IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) xvii) Genus Pipistrellu s (Kaup,1829) 42) javanicus (Gray,1838) Ka kani; Rasuwa District; Naj ark ot; Bouzini; Molur et al. (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Javan pipistrelle Sip uri; Kathmandu; Godavari (Ref 1); and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  An napurna Himal, 30-40 km NW of Lo we r Risk (lc) Pokhara, vi cinit y of Sudame , 1500 m (Ref 2); Sauraha, Narayani, CNP (Dadora Nala, Tamar Tal, Tiger Tops, Simal Ghol) (Ref 4) 43) Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray,1838) Hazaria; Bairia; Bairanglia; Barabisse (Ref Molur et al. (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Coromandel Pipistrelle; In dian Pipistrelle; Little 1) and (Ref 3); CNP ( Dadora Nala, Tam ar and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  Indian bat Tal, Tiger Tops, Simal Ghol, Bardhada Lo we r Risk (lc) Kh ola ) (Ref 4) 44) Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck,1840) Bairia; Hazaria; Banke District (Ref 1); Molur et al. (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 ; Indian Pygmy bat Sauraha, Narayan i, CNP (Dadora Nala, and IUCN / SS C Action Plan (2001)  Tamar Tal, Tiger Tops, Simal Ghol) (Ref 4) Lo we r Risk (lc)

Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA combined 13 Volume 1, Number 2, Aug-Dec 2009 xviii) Ge nus (Troughton, 1943) 45) Falsistrellus affinis (Dobson,1871) Najarkot (Ref 1 and 3) IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( Chocolate pipistrelle Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus affinus xix) Genus (Hill and Harrison, 1987) 46) Arielulus ci rcumdatus (Temminck,1840) Num (Ref 1, 3 and 5) , Terhathum D istrict, Molur et al. (2002) - NT; IUCN / SSC Black gilded Pipistrelle, Bronze Sprite Lam Pokhari, 3000m; Annapurna Himal (Ref 2) Action Plan (2001) ( Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus circumdatus xx) Genus N yctalus (Bowdich,1825) 47) noctula (Schreber,1774) Kathmandu Valley (type loc. of labiata); Molur et al. (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Noctule Godavari; Gari; Nuwakot (Ref 1); Annapurna and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( Himal (Ref 2; CNP (Nandon Tal, Simal Ghol) Lower Risk (lc) (Ref 4) 48) Nyctalus montanus (Barrett ( Dang ( Deokhuri District (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) Molur et al. (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Hamilton,1906) Mountain Noctule and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( Lower Risk (nt) xxi) Genus Philetor, (Thomas 1902) 49) Philetor brachypterus (Temminck,1840) Barabisse; Num (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) Molur et al. (2002) - V {B1ab (iii) + Rahu=s bat 2ab (iii)}; IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( Lower Risk (lc) xxii) Genus (Peters, 1868) 50) Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth,1851) Dang ( Deokhuri District (Ref 1) and (Ref 3); Molur et al. (2002) - DD; IUCN 2003 Tickell=s bat CNP ( Nandon Tal, Dadora Nala, Tamar Tal, and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( Tiger Tops) (Ref 4) Lower Risk (lc) xxiii) Genus Miniopterus 51) Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) Kathmandu Valley; Kakani; Bimalnagar; Molur et al. (2002) - LC; IUCN 2003 Schreibers= Long ( fingered bat Syangja (Ref 1); Syangja District; Annapurna and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( Himal (Ref 2)and (Ref 3); Kathmandu (Ref 4) Lower Risk (nt) 52) Miniopterus pusillus (Dobsan, 1876) Pokhara (Ref 1); Locality queried by Corbet Molur et al. (2002) - CR { B2ab (iii)};; Nicobar long ( fingered bat, Small long - fired and Hill, 1992 and (Ref 3); CNP (Tiger Tops) IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action bat (Ref 4) Plan (2001) ( Lower Risk (lc) xxiv) Genus Murina (Gray,1842) 53) Murina leucogaster (Milne- Edwards,1872) Kathmandu Valley (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) Molur et al. (2002) - V; IUCN 2003 Greater Tube nosed bat; Rufous tube ( nosed and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( bat Lower Risk (lc) 54) Murina aurata (Milne ( Edwards, 1872) Makut; Mount Sheopuri (Ref 1) and (Ref 3) Molur et al. (2002) - NT; IUCN 2003 Little tube ( nos ed bat; Tibetan tube ( nosed and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( bat Lower Risk (lc) 55) Murina cyclotis (Dobson, 1872) Chitwan National Park, Island Jungle Resort IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Round ( eared Tube ( nosed bat (Ref 1 and 2); CNP, 3.8 km SW Sauraha (Ref Plan (2001) ( Lower Risk (lc) 4) 56) Murina huttonii (Peters,1872) Kathmandu Valley (Ref 1) Molur et al. (2002) - DD; IUCN 2003 Hutton=s Tube ( nosed bat; White ( bellied and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( Tube ( nosed bat Lower Risk (nt) xxv) Genus Kerivoula (Gray, 1842) 57) Kerivoula picta (Pallas,1767) Pokhara Town; Chitwan National Park (Tiger Molur et al. (2002) - LC, IUCN 2003 Painted Woolly Bat Tops) (Ref 3, 4 and 6); and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) ( Lower Risk (lc) 58) Kerivoula hardwickii (Horsfield, 1824) Taplejung District, Mamankhe, 1700m (Ref 2) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Hardwicke=s Forest bat, Obscure bat Plan (2001) ( Lower Risk (lc)

References (Bates et al. , 1997).. 1; (Csorba et al. , 1999) 2; (Wilson et al. 2005) .3; (Myers et al. 1999) ..4; (Smith et al. 2008) 5; (Molur et al. , 2002) .6; (Molur et al. , 2005) ..7; (Shrestha, 1997) 8; (Baral et al., 2008) 9; (Molur et al. , 2003) ..10; (Ghose and Saha, 1981) .11; Srinivasulu et al. (2004) ..12.

Abbreviations: NT: Near Threatened; No T: Not Threatened; LC: Least Concerned; LR: Lower Risk, DD: Data Deficient; E: Endangered; V: Vulnerable; CR: Critically Endangered; EN: Eastern Nepal; CN: Central Nepal; WN: Western Nepal; MWN: Mid Western Nepal; FWN: Far Western Nepal; SN: Southern Nepal; N: Northern; S: Southern; G: Gosaikunda; LNP: Langtang National Park; SPWR: Sukhla Phanta Wildlife Reserve;SPNP: Shey Phoksundo National Park; ACA: Annapurna Conservation Area; MBNP: Makalu Barun National Park; CNP: Chitwan National Park; BNP: Bardia National Park; SNP: Sagarmatha National Park; PWR: Parsa Wildlife Reserve.

14 Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA combined Volume 1, Number 2, Aug-Dec 2009 Table 2: Species of bats potentially occurring in Nepal, but not documented by voucher specimens

Scientific Name / Common Name Status Remarks Family Rhinopomatidae (Bonaparte, 1838) i) Genus Rhinopoma (E. Geoffroy, 1818) 1) Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brunnich, 1872) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (Ref 1) Greater Mouse - tailed bat (2001) * Lower Risk (lc) 2) Rhinopoma hardwickii (Gray,1831) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (Ref 1) Lesser Mous e * tailed bat (2001) * Lower Risk (lc) Family Emb allonurid ae (Gervais, 1855) Ii) Genus Taphozous (E. Geoffroy, 1818) 3) Taphozous melanopogan (Temminck, 1841) IUCN 2003 * Lower Risk (lc); (Ref 1) Black * beared Tomb bat IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) * Lower Risk (lc) 4) Taphazous nudiventris (Cretzschmar, 1830) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan EN (Ref 1 and 2) Naked * rumped Tomb bat (2001) * Lower Risk (lc) Iii) Genus (Temminck, 1838) 5) Saccolaimus saccolaimus (Temminck, 1838) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (Ref 1) Naked * rumped Pouched bat (2001) * Lower Risk (lc). Family Megadermatidae (H. Allen, 1864) Iv) Genus Megaderma (E. Geoffroy, 1810) 6) Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (Ref 1) (2001) * Lower Risk (lc). Family Rhinolophidae (Gray, 1825) v) Genus Rhinolophus (Lacépède, 1799) 7) Rhinolophus trifoliatus (Temminck, 1834) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (Ref 1) Trefoil Hor sesh oe bat (2001) * Lower Risk (lc). Family Hipposideridae (Lydekker, 1891) vi) Genus Hipp osideros (Gray, 1831) 8) Hipposideros at er (Templeton, 1848) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (Ref 1) Dusky Leafnosed bat (2001) * Lower Risk (lc) 9) Hipposideros lankadiva (Kelaart, 1850) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan E N (Ref 2) Indian Leaf - nosed bat (2001) * Data Deficient as H. schistaceus; Lower Risk (lc) vii) Genus (Blyth, 1848) 10) Coelops frithii (Blyth, 1848) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan E N (Ref 2) East Asian Tailless Leaf * nosed bat (2001) * Lower Risk (lc Family Verpertilionidae (Gray, 1821) viii) Genus Myotis (Kaup,1829) 11) Myotis annectans ( Dobson, 1871) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan EN (Ref 1 and 2) Hair * faced Intermediate bat (2001) * Lower Risk (nt). ix) Genus Eptesicus (Rafinesque, 1820) 12) Eptes icus tatei (Ellerman and Morrison * IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan EN (Ref 1 and 2) Scott, 1951) (2001) * Data Deficient. Somber bat x) Genus (Peters, 1872) 13) Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan EN (Ref 1 and 2) (2001) * Lower Risk (lc). xi) Genus Pipistrellus (Kaup,1829) 14) Pipis trel lus ceylonicus (Kelaart, 1852) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (Ref 1) Kelaart>s pipis trel le (2001) * Lower Risk (lc)

Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA combined 15 Volume 1, Number 2, Aug-Dec 2009 Scientific Name / Common Name Status Remarks 15) Pipistrellus paterculus (Thomas, 1915) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan South East Nepal Mount Popa Pipis trel le (2001) ' Lower Ri sk (nt) (Ref 2) xii) Genus (Kolenati, 1856) 16) Hypsugo cadornae (T homas, 1916). IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan EN (Ref 1 and 2) Cadorna-s pipistrel le; Thomas-s Pipistrellus (2001) ' Lower Ri sk (nt) xiii) Genus (Thomas, 1901) 17) Scot oecus pal li dus (Dobson, 1876) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan South East Nepal Desert Yellow Lesser House bat (2001) ' Lower Ri sk (lc). (Ref 1 and 2) xiv) Genus Scotozous (Dobson, 1875) 18) Scot ozous dormeri (Dobson, 1875) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan South East Nepal Dormer-s Pi pis trel le (2001) ' Lower Ri sk (lc) (Ref 1 and 2) xv) Genus Harpiocephalus (Gray, 1842) 19) Harpiocephalus harpia (Temminck, 1840) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (Ref 1) Lesser Hairy ' winged bat (2001) ' Lower Ri sk (lc) xvi) Genus Muri na (Gray,1842) 20) Murina tubinaris (Scully, 1881). IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan EN (Ref 2) Scully-s Tube ' nosed bat (2001) ' Lower Ri sk (lc). Family Mo l os si dae (Gervais, 1856) xvii) Genus (Rafinesque, 1814) 21) Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan EN (Ref 1 and 2) European free - tailed bat (2001) ' Lower Ri sk (lc). Family Pteropodidae (Gray, 1821) xviii) Genus Megaer ops (Peters, 1865) 22) niphanae (Yenbutra and Felten, IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) ' No EN (Ref 2) 1983) Data. IUCN 2003 ' Lower Risk (lc). Ratanaworabhan-s Fruit bat 23) minimus (E. Geoffroy, 1810). IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) ' Not E N (Ref 2) Lesser Long ' tongued Nector bat; Dagger- Threatened. IUCN 2003 ' Lower Ri sk toothed Long-nosed Fruit Bat (lc)

References:

Acharya, P.R. & L.A. Ruedas 2007. The Bat Fauna of Nepal: A Current Conspectus. BAT NET NEWSLETTER Newsletter of the Chiroptera Conservation and Information Network of South Asia CCINSA and the IUCN Chiroptera Specialist Group of South Asia (CSGSA) 8(1-2): Jan–Dec, 2007.

Baral, H.S. & K.B. Shah 2008. Wild Mammals of Nepal. Himalayan Nature, Kathmandu.

16 Small Mammal Mail - Bi-Annual Newsletter of CCINSA & RISCINSA combined Volume 1, Number 2, Aug-Dec 2009