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The Lost Generation in American Foreign Policy How American Influence Has Declined, and What Can Be Done About It
September 2020 Perspective EXPERT INSIGHTS ON A TIMELY POLICY ISSUE JAMES DOBBINS, GABRIELLE TARINI, ALI WYNE The Lost Generation in American Foreign Policy How American Influence Has Declined, and What Can Be Done About It n the aftermath of World War II, the United States accepted the mantle of global leadership and worked to build a new global order based on the principles of nonaggression and open, nondiscriminatory trade. An early pillar of this new Iorder was the Marshall Plan for European reconstruction, which British histo- rian Norman Davies has called “an act of the most enlightened self-interest in his- tory.”1 America’s leaders didn’t regard this as charity. They recognized that a more peaceful and more prosperous world would be in America’s self-interest. American willingness to shoulder the burdens of world leadership survived a costly stalemate in the Korean War and a still more costly defeat in Vietnam. It even survived the end of the Cold War, the original impetus for America’s global activ- ism. But as a new century progressed, this support weakened, America’s influence slowly diminished, and eventually even the desire to exert global leadership waned. Over the past two decades, the United States experienced a dramatic drop-off in international achievement. A generation of Americans have come of age in an era in which foreign policy setbacks have been more frequent than advances. C O R P O R A T I O N Awareness of America’s declining influence became immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and by Obama commonplace among observers during the Barack Obama with Ebola, has also been widely noted. -
Changes in Polling in Recent Presidential Campaigns
Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy Discussion Paper Series #R‐33, June 2009 Changes in Media Polling in Recent Presidential Campaigns: Moving from Good to “Average” at CNN By Michael W. Traugott Shorenstein Center Fellow, Spring 2009 Professor of Communication Studies, University of Michigan © 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. This essay was prepared during a fellowship semester in Spring 2009 at the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University. I am grateful to the Center for financial support and to the University of Michigan for released time to work on this project. The work presented here has benefited from the research assistance of Mary Ellen Smith, for which I am grateful. 1 Introduction Political coverage generally, and campaign coverage in particular, form a central part of the news in the United States. One reason is the important role of elections in our democratic system of governance, a combination of our belief in the representation function of elections and that the outcomes make a difference in which policies are pursued and implemented. Just as importantly, the coverage of elections has many features that appeal to journalists and editors. Elections occur on a fixed schedule, known well in advance; this enables planning for the allocation of resources to the coverage. They involve conflict between the competing campaigns, another highly valued element of newsworthiness. They have events and circumstances that change everyday. They have a relatively orderly progression to a definitive conclusion on Election Day so the coverage is bounded and focused on the outcome; and there is a clear winner and loser at the end, even though in the cases of Bush v. -
Tackling School Bullying: What You Need to Know About Bullying and Cyber Bullying Legislation, Prevention, and Best Practices
S.T.A.R. School Technology Action Report Tackling School Bullying: What you need to know about bullying and cyber bullying legislation, prevention, and best practices “Empowering Today’s Ed-Tech Leader” )!& !($%& %$$$$!!'#))!##! & !##$$ %$'#%&)"!$$!#$%!!&$! # ( %)# ! # !#%#$%) !%#( # (((&%! !# '#! % eSM STAR Tackling School Bullying Editorial & Production Editorial Director & Publisher Gregg W. Downey Dear Reader, [email protected] Editor Dennis Pierce One of the largest issues schools must contend with today is [email protected] Managing Editor bullying, including cyber bullying. Although bullying has been in Laura Devaney the national spotlight for the last few years, many states, districts, [email protected] Associate/Online Editor and teachers have yet to design a complete online safety Meris Stansbury [email protected] curriculum or know how to combat cyber bullying that occurs Assistant Editor Dennis Carter outside of school effectively. [email protected] Creative Director Chris Hopson This isn’t because educators and stakeholders don’t care. Often, [email protected] it’s because many are unsure where the line exists between Advertising Sales students’ free-speech rights and the rights of educators to disci- Eastern Region Barbara Schrader pline their students for off-campus transgressions. (800) 394-0115 x 163 [email protected] Midwest Region In this latest School Technology Action Report (STAR) from Patty Voltz (813) -
A Semiotic Analysis of the Rhetoric of President Donald J. Trump
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga UTC Scholar Student Research, Creative Works, and Honors Theses Publications 5-2021 Building a (great) wall: a semiotic analysis of the rhetoric of President Donald J. Trump Lauren Gilmore University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.utc.edu/honors-theses Part of the Rhetoric Commons Recommended Citation Gilmore, Lauren, "Building a (great) wall: a semiotic analysis of the rhetoric of President Donald J. Trump" (2021). Honors Theses. This Theses is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research, Creative Works, and Publications at UTC Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UTC Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Building a (Great) Wall: A Semiotic Analysis of the Rhetoric of President Donald J. Trump Lauren Gilmore Departmental Honors Thesis The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga English: Rhetoric and Professional Writing Examination Date: April 9, 2021 Dr. Lauren Ingraham Dr. Rik Hunter Professor of English Associate Professor of English Thesis Director Department Examiner Dr. Jeremy Strickler Assistant Professor of Political Science and Public Service Department Examiner Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................1 LITERATURE REVIEW ..........................................................................................................................2 -
False Beliefs: Byproducts of an Adaptive Knowledge Base? 131 Elizabeth J
“This volume provides a great entry point into the vast and growing psycho- logical literature on one of the defining problems of the early 21st century – fake news and its dissemination. The chapters by leading scientists first focus on how (false) information spreads online and then examine the cognitive processes involved in accepting and sharing (false) information. The volume concludes by reviewing some of the available countermeasures. Anyone new to this area will find much here to satisfy their curiosity.” – Stephan Lewandowsky , Cognitive Science, University of Bristol, UK “Fake news is a serious problem for politics, for science, for journalism, for con- sumers, and, really, for all of us. We now live in a world where fact and fiction are intentionally blurred by people who hope to deceive us. In this tremendous collection, four scientists have gathered together some of the finest minds to help us understand the problem, and to guide our thinking about what can be done about it. The Psychology of Fake News is an important and inspirational contribu- tion to one of society’s most vexing problem.” – Elizabeth F Loftus , Distinguished Professor, University of California, Irvine, USA “This is an interesting, innovative and important book on a very significant social issue. Fake news has been the focus of intense public debate in recent years, but a proper scientific analysis of this phenomenon has been sorely lacking. Con- tributors to this excellent volume are world-class researchers who offer a detailed analysis of the psychological processes involved in the production, dissemina- tion, interpretation, sharing, and acceptance of fake news. -
Interview Of: Hope Hicks
1 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, WASHINGTON, D.C. INTERVIEW OF: HOPE HICKS Wednesday, June 19, 2019 Washington, D.C. The interview in the above matter was held in Room 2237, Rayburn House Office Building, commencing at 9:02 a.m. Members Present: Representatives Nadler, Lofgren, Jackson 2 Lee, Cohen, Johnson of Georgia, Deutch, Bass, Cicilline, Swalwell, Lieu, Raskin, Jayapal, Demings, Correa, Scanlon, Garcia, Neguse, McBath, Stanton, Dean, Mucarsel-Powell, Escobar, Collins, Chabot, Gohmert, Jordan, Ratcliffe, Gaetz, Biggs, McClintock, Lesko, Armstrong, and Steube. 3 Chairman Nadler. Good morning. Let's go on the record. This is a transcribed interview of Ms. Hope Hicks, former communications director for the White House. I requested this interview as part of our investigation into allegations of corruption and abuse of power and other misconduct by the Trump administration. Would the witness please state her name and position in the White House for the record? Ms. Hicks. My name is Hope Hicks, and I was the communications director at the White House. Chairman Nadler. I wish to thank you for appearing here today. I appreciate your willingness to appear voluntarily. Most committees encourage witnesses who appear for a transcribed interview to freely consult with counsel if they so choose, and you are appearing today with private counsel. Could counsel please state your name and current position for the record? Mr. Trout. Yes. My name is Robert Trout. I'm with the firm of Trout Cacheris & Solomon in Washington, D.C., and I'm representing Ms. Hicks. Ms. Solomon. Gloria Solomon, also with Trout Cacheris & Solomon, also representing Ms. -
An Analysis of Media Coverage of First Ladies
FIRST IMPRESSIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF MEDIA COVERAGE OF FIRST LADIES AND THEIR INAUGURAL GOWNS FROM JACKIE KENNEDY IN 1961 TO MICHELLE OBAMA IN 2009 by AMY SULLIVAN DIANNE BRAGG, COMMITTEE CHAIR CHRIS ROBERTS, COMMITTEE CO-CHAIR AMANDA THOMPSON A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Journalism and Creative Media in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2018 Copyright Amy Sullivan 2018 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT The Presidential Inaugural Ball is a special moment for every president’s wife because it is her first official public appearance as first lady of the United States. Historically, the manner in which the first lady presents herself in the way she dresses often contributes to her public image. Scrutiny from the media includes a focus on what she wears to the inauguration, as well as examination and analysis of her inaugural ball gown that evening. The gowns have a tradition of setting the tone for the first lady in the new administration as well as providing glimpses of a first lady’s personality. The gown gives the world a look at her personal style and a glimpse at her potential influence on fashion trends. Most first ladies recognize and understand the expectations of the role and what it means to the public. Some, however, have questioned why their appearance should matter so long as they are true to themselves. In positions of power, though, appearances are important because the media can use fashion as a lens to filter and interpret information to the public. -
Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: a Review of the Scientific Literature
March 2018 Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature Prepared for: Authored by: Joshua A. Tucker, Andrew Guess, Pablo Barberá, Cristian Vaccari, Alexandra Siegel, Sergey Sanovich, Denis Stukal, and Brendan Nyhan 1 Executive Summary The following report is intended to provide an overview of the current state of the literature on the relationship between social media; political polarization; and political “disinformation,” a term used to encompass a wide range of types of information about politics found online, including “fake news,” rumors, deliberately factually incorrect information, inadvertently factually incorrect information, politically slanted information, and “hyperpartisan” news. The review of the literature is provided in six separate sections, each of which can be read individually but that cumulatively are intended to provide an overview of what is known—and unknown—about the relationship between social media, political polarization, and disinformation. The report concludes by identifying key gaps in our understanding of these phenomena and the data that are needed to address them. Outline Section I: Introduction Section II: Literature Reviews A. Online Political Conversations B. Consequences of Exposure to Disinformation Online C. Producers of Disinformation D. Strategies and Tactics of Spreading Disinformation E. Online Content and Political Polarization F. Misinformation, Polarization, and Democracy Section III: Looking Forward A. Key Research Gaps B. Key Data Needs Section IV: Works Cited 2 Section I: Introduction Following a relatively brief period of euphoria about the possibility that social media might usher in a golden age of global democratization, there is now widespread concern in many segments of society—including the media, scholars, the philanthropic community, civil society, and even politicians themselves—that social media may instead be undermining democracy (Tucker et al. -
What Should Presidential Candidates Tell Us About Themselves? Proposals for Improving Transparency in Presidential Campaigns
What Should Presidential Candidates Tell Us About Themselves? Proposals for Improving Transparency in Presidential Campaigns Democracy and the Constitution Clinic Fordham University School of Law Megha Dharia, Rikki Lavine, Ryan Partelow, James Auchincloss, Krysia Lenzo January 2020 Democracy Clinic I What Should Presidential Candidates Tell Us About Themselves? Proposals for Improving Transparency in Presidential Campaigns Democracy and the Constitution Clinic Fordham University School of Law Megha Dharia, Rikki Lavine, Ryan Partelow, James Auchincloss, Krysia Lenzo January 2020 This report was researched and written during the 2018-2019 academic year by students in Fordham Law School’s Democracy and the Constitution Clinic, which is focused on developing non-partisan recommendations to strengthen the nation’s institutions and its democracy. The clinic is supervised by John D. Feerick and John Rogan. Acknowledgments: We would like to express our gratitude to the esteemed experts who generously took time to share their knowledge and views with us: John O. Brennan, Dr. Joseph J. Fins, Jerry H. Goldfeder, Dr. Bandy X. Lee, Elizabeth Maresca, Representative Jerrold Nadler, Dr. Norman Ornstein, Asha Rangappa, Representative Jamie Raskin, Alan Rothstein, Walter Shaub, Representative Thomas Suozzi, William Treanor, Laurence H. Tribe, and Jesse Wegman. This report greatly benefited from Gail McDonald’s research guidance as well as Sam Schair and Davina Mayo-Dunham’s editing assistance. Judith Rew and Robert Yasharian designed the report. Table -
The Rhetoric of President Donald J. Trump on Twitter
zarządzanie mediami Tom 8(4)2020, s. 391–405 doi: 10.4467/23540214ZM.20.041.12645 www.ejournals.eu/ZM Rafał Kuś orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-6447 Jagiellonian University, Kraków BUILDING A TRUMP NATION: THE RHETORIC OF PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP ON TWITTER Abstract This paper is an attempt to analyze the patterns of the 45th President’s use of Twitter for promot- ing his political agenda. Donald J. Trump used to “tweet” often even before entering politics; in the White House it is his primary instrument of contact with the U.S. society, bypassing the established media channels. A special emphasis was put on the rhetorical characteristics of Trump’s social me- dia communications as well as the identity-building aspect of his Twitter oratory. The research was conducted with the use of the method of quantitative content analysis. Obtained results point out to the Republican as an unconventional political player, employing the possibilities offered by new me- dia in an original yet effective manner. Keywords: Donald Trump, rhetoric, president, United States of America, social media Introduction Recent political events prove the significance of new media for democratic pro- cesses all around the world. The year 2016, especially, brought about a wave of unexpected results of elections and referenda in numerous countries, giving fuel to discussions about the evolution of voters’ behavior in contemporary societies. For example, the circumstance that the public discourse in the last couple of years has moved to a large extent to the Internet is often put forward as one of the de- ciding factors in the surprising political shift that resulted in the election of Don- ald J. -
US Politics Watch: Presidential Election 2020 and Beyond April 2019 Economic & Financial Analysis
US Politics Watch: Presidential election 2020 and beyond April 2019 Economic & Financial Analysis April 2019 US Politics Watch: Four scenarios for 2020 and beyond An ING report in conjunction with Oxford Analytica www.oxan.com think.ing.com 1 US Politics Watch: Presidential election 2020 and beyond April 2019 Preface Trump has changed the rules Since his surprise election victory in 2016, US President Trump has been challenging and and forecasters are struggling changing the political and economic rules. Pollsters, forecasters and investors not only to keep up largely failed to predict his win, but misread the consequences. He has pursued his populist agenda in ways that have been unconventional and often unpredictable. ‘Fake news’ and the echo chamber effects of social media have fuelled the polarisation of politics, making it all the harder to find objective and reliable analysis. Forecasters across the world are struggling to cope with this evolving political disruption. We present four scenarios In an effort to address this, we have decided to launch a concerted and ongoing effort to looking ahead to the outcome analyse the implications of the US political outlook in a structured way. To start, we have of the 2020 elections and decided to focus on four alternative scenarios looking ahead to the outcome of the 2020 beyond elections and beyond. Our goal is to focus less on the probability of these scenarios than their impact. To do so, we will aim to objectively identify the economic, social and political drivers of the scenarios to develop plausible narratives which we hope will help readers to form their own judgements about the likely outcomes. -
Russian Social Media Influence: Understanding
Russian Social Media Influence Understanding Russian Propaganda in Eastern Europe Todd C. Helmus, Elizabeth Bodine-Baron, Andrew Radin, Madeline Magnuson, Joshua Mendelsohn, William Marcellino, Andriy Bega, Zev Winkelman C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2237 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9957-0 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover image: Nikita Buida/Freepik Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Russia is engaged in an active, worldwide propaganda campaign.