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An Analysis of Emotion and Embodiment in First Lady Rhetoric Stephanie Lynn Wideman Wayne State University View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons@Wayne State University Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2017 Pathetic Politics: An Analysis Of Emotion And Embodiment In First Lady Rhetoric Stephanie Lynn Wideman Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Communication Commons, and the Rhetoric Commons Recommended Citation Wideman, Stephanie Lynn, "Pathetic Politics: An Analysis Of Emotion And Embodiment In First Lady Rhetoric" (2017). Wayne State University Dissertations. 1753. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1753 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. PATHETIC POLITICS: AN ANALYSIS OF EMOTION AND EMBODIMENT IN FIRST LADY RHETORIC by STEPHANIE L. WIDEMAN DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2017 MAJOR: COMMUNICATION Approved By: Advisor Date © COPYRIGHT BY STEPHANIE L. WIDEMAN 2017 All Rights Reserved DEDICATION I borrow from Kenneth Burke to dedicate this project to my family: Kimberly & Pat Wilson, Don & Sharon Wideman, Andrew Wideman, and Jeffrey Wideman, ”without whom not.” ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Undertaking a project of this magnitude is never done without good people constantly reminding you what you have already accomplished, who you are, and everything that you can be with some hard work and dedication. First, I want to thank my first teacher and fiercest advocate, my mother. One of her greatest lessons to me was the importance of education. In this lesson she didn’t just talk the talk; she walked great distances in securing education opportunities for her and her family. When I had difficulty in a high school geometry class, she showed up on her lunch break to tutor me. When I had pre-final nerves, she taught me to trust the process and trust myself. When I told her I wanted to move to Detroit to pursue my Ph.D., she and her husband showed up to help me pack and traveled the distance to get me settled. Thank you mom, for seeing things in me I didn’t always see. Moreover, thank you for helping me believe that this is who I am supposed to be. I want to thank my entire family for their boundless love and support during this process. Second, I want to thank my teacher, advisor, and friend Dr. James L. Cherney. His support during my doctorate was inexhaustible, honest, and filled with kindness. To me, Jim is the best of what higher education has to offer. He has the unique ability to articulate the beauty of learning in his teaching. He encourages a sense of wonderment about the world in a way that sustained me during the most difficult times of this project. I know I will rely on his lessons for years to come. I would like to thank my committee: Dr. Kelly Young, Dr. Ron Stevenson, and Dr. Heidi Gottfried. Your time and dedication to this project was invaluable. Through each of iii your questions and challenges, I received sage advice and constant encouragement. This project is better because of you and so I extend my sincere gratitude. Fourth, I have to thank the teacher that first introduced me to the study of rhetoric and the art of public speaking as tools for living a good life, Dr. Brendan Kelly. He introduced me Quintillian’s notion that rhetoric is about good people speaking well. I continue to see the truth in that statement everyday because of the influence of all of the teachers in my life. Finally, I have to mention just a few more people that were instrumental to this process. To my graduate school colleagues and friends, your support and guidance through this project was essential. Daily phone calls from John Koch during the final push of this project kept me on track and provided encouragement when I needed it most. To my students, your intelligence, passion, and patience kept me inspired and diligent in my own work. I have learned a lot from the teachers I have had in my life and I plan on working to do the same for you. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication .............................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments ................................................................................ iii Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Chapter Discussion ..................................................................... 5 Chapter 1 The Rhetoricity of Rhetorical Proofs ..................................... 7 The Adventures of Logos and Pathos ...................................... 10 Resurrection of Pathos ............................................................. 15 Pathos, Logos, and Political Rhetoric ....................................... 26 Putting a Rhetorical Lens on the First Lady .............................. 27 The Rhetoric and Policy of the Obama Administration ............. 33 Reading Protocol ...................................................................... 37 Chapter 2 The Pathetic Rhetorical Revolution .................................... 42 The Pathetic Enthymeme ......................................................... 51 The Pathetic First Lady ............................................................. 56 Chapter 3 The First Lady in the Court of Pathetic Politics ................... 63 Political Power in the Court and Beyond .................................. 67 The First Lady In and Out of Court ........................................... 71 Conclusion ................................................................................ 83 Chapter 4 Visuality and the Pathetic First Lady ................................... 84 The Political Body ..................................................................... 85 Visual Rhetoric and the Body ................................................... 89 The Enthymeme and Visual Rhetoric ....................................... 91 v Visualizing the First Lady .......................................................... 93 Michelle Obama’s Body as Evidence ....................................... 97 The Private Body Moving in Public ......................................... 102 The Private Body Consuming in Public .................................. 104 Conclusion .............................................................................. 106 Chapter 5 Pathetic Political Implications ........................................... 108 The Episteme of Pathetic Politics ........................................... 112 First Lady Michelle as Political Surrogate ............................... 113 Implications for the Office of the First Lady ............................ 120 Beyond the Office of the First Lady ........................................ 121 Limitations and Future Research ............................................ 124 References ........................................................................................ 127 Abstract .............................................................................................. 139 Autobiographical Statement .............................................................. 140 vi 1 INTRODUCTION On November 8, 2016, after a long and particularly contentious presidential general election, Donald J. Trump claimed victory over his opponent Hillary Rodham Clinton. Although Clinton took the popular vote by over 3 million votes, Trump claimed the electoral vote by unexpected gains made primarily in the Rust Belt of America. The surprise of Trump’s win sent shock waves out from Washington D.C. as it challenged much of what we thought we knew about political campaigning, the presidency, and rhetoric. Throughout the campaign a vast majority of political polls predicted an almost certain victory for Clinton. Patrick Murray, Director of the Monmouth University Polling Institute lamented, “The polls were largely bad, including mine. But if anyone thinks they have the answer right now, they are just guessing,” (Bialik & Enton, 2016). Political analysts and media commentators found themselves trying to explain on live television how a man that had engaged in often divisive and problematic rhetoric was just elected the President of the United States. CNN analyst Van Jones offered a particularly emotion filled election analysis: You tell your kids don’t be a bully, you tell your kids don’t be a bigot…and then you have this outcome. You have people putting children to bed tonight and they are afraid of breakfast. They’re afraid of ‘How do I explain this to my children?’” (Ryan, 2016) Across the nation many were asking the same question, what did we get wrong? What are we missing in this election? All signs seem to point to a phenomenon which data has a notoriously difficult time representing, emotion. “Supporters and opponents became the media themselves, spreading and amplifying subjective and emotional affective news-news designed to provoke passion, not inform,” (Hermida, 2016). 2 Hermida further opined that changes in the nature and role of media produced a “circular environment where emotion often overrides evidence, fueling the rise of polarized, passionate, and personalized streams of information,” (2016). Unfortunately for Clinton, this acceleration of emotion served
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