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Analysis of the Problems of Thermal Tourism Development in Turkey

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Analysis of the Problems of Thermal Tourism Development in Turkey INSTITUTIONAL AND SPATIAL ASPECTS OF THERMAL TOURISM IN TURKEY: NEVSEHIR KOZAKLI THERMAL TOURISM CENTER A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY HATĠCE SEDA AZAKLI IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING SEPTEMBER 2012 Approval of the thesis; INSTITUTIONAL AND SPATIAL ASPECTS OF THERMAL TOURISM IN TURKEY: NEVSEHIR KOZAKLI THERMAL TOURISM CENTER submitted by HATİCE SEDA AZAKLI in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Master of Science in Regional Planning, in City and Regional Planning Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Canan ÖZGEN Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Pof. Dr. Melih ERSOY Head of Department, City and Regional Planning Assoc Prof. Dr. Serap KAYASÜ Supervisor, City and Regional Planning, METU Examining Committee Members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ela BABALIK SUTCLIFFE City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serap KAYASÜ City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Müge Zübeyde AKKAR ERCAN City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Emine YETĠġKUL ġENBĠL City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Aydan SAT City and Regional Planning Dept., GAZI Univ. Date: 14.09.2012 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name : Hatice Seda AZAKLI Signature : iii ABSTRACT INSTITUTIONAL AND SPATIAL ASPECTS OF THERMAL TOURISM IN TURKEY: NEVSEHIR KOZAKLI THERMAL TOURISM CENTER Azaklı, Hatice Seda M. S., Programme of Regional Planning Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serap Kayasü September 2012, 182 Pages The main purpose of this study is to determine the problems of thermal tourism as a kind of alternative tourism in Turkey investigating within the context of legislative- organizational aspects and planning dimensions. The study is also submitting some suggestions about solutions. After the announcement of the conceptual framework related with thermal tourism, the research provides general information about the countries important for thermal tourism sector in the global world. The study examines the planning process and the organizational structure related to thermal tourism sector showing two different tendencies in Heviz in Hungary and Peninsula Hot Springs in Australia in order to investigate different aspects of the development of thermal tourism in detail. Then; the thesis handles the development of thermal tourism in Turkey and it also describes the reasons of the underdevelopment of thermal tourism in respect of legislative-organizational aspects and planning dimensions in Turkey. Finally, in the last chapter; assessments carried out by examining the current situation in Nevsehir Kozaklı Thermal Tourism Center and suggestions for solving the problems in practice are offered. In conclusion, this study offers some suggestions about the improvement of thermal tourism in Turkey in legislative-organizational and spatial aspects. Key Words: Thermal Tourism, Hot Springs, Spa and Wellness, Planning iv ÖZ TÜRKİYE’DE TERMAL TURİZMİN KURUMSAL VE MEKANSAL BOYUTLARI: NEVŞEHİR KOZAKLI TERMAL TURİZM MERKEZİ ÖRNEĞİ Azaklı, Hatice Seda Yüksek Lisans, Bölge Planlama Programı Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Serap Kayasü Eylül 2012, 182 Sayfa Bu çalıĢmanın esas amacı Türkiye‟de alternatif bir turizm türü olarak önem kazanan termal turizmin geliĢiminin yasal-yönetsel açılardan ve planlama boyutunda incelenerek bu süreçte yaĢanılan sorunların belirlenmesidir. ÇalıĢma ayrıca çözüme iliĢkin öneriler sunmaktadır. Termal turizmle ilgili kavramsal çerçevenin açıklanmasından sonra, termal turizm sektöründe Dünyada önde gelen ülkelerle ilgili genel bilgiler verilmektedir. ÇalıĢma, termal turizm geliĢiminin farklı boyutlarını irdelemek amacıyla iki farklı eğilim gösteren Macaristan ve Avustralya‟daki termal turizm sektörü ile ilgili yönetsel organizasyon yapısı ve planlama süreçlerini detaylı olarak incelemektedir. Tez daha sonra Türkiye‟deki termal turizmin geliĢimini ele almakta olup Türkiye‟deki termal turizmin yeterince geliĢememesinin nedenleri yasal-yönetsel açıdan ve planlama boyutunda açıklanmaktadır. Son bölümde, NevĢehir Kozaklı Termal Turizm Merkezi incelenerek mevcut durum değerlendirmesi yapılmakta ve uygulamada ne tür sorunlar yaĢandığı irdelenerek söz konusu problemlerin çözümüne yönelik önerilerde bulunulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu çalıĢma Türkiye‟de termal turizmin geliĢmesine yönelik olarak yasal, yönetsel ve mekansal açılardan öneriler sunmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Termal Turizm, Kaplıcalar, Spa ve Sağlıklı YaĢam, Planlama v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my thanks and deepest gratitude to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serap Kayasü, for her guidance, advice, criticism and support throughout the research process. I am also grateful to the jury members, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ela Babalık Sutcliffe, Assist. Prof. Dr. Emine YetiĢkul ġenbil, Assist. Prof. Dr. Müge Zübeyde Akkar Ercan and Assist. Prof. Dr. Aydan Sat for their valuable contribution, criticism and comments. I would like to thank to my colleagues and friends in the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for their great support and encouragements, Elçin Barın Penbecioğlu, Nuray Topuz , Eda Ünver Futtu and Taner Piri. I would also like to send my special thanks to my sweet friend Senem Keskin YumuĢ for her moral support. Very special and deepest thanks go to my mother Memnune Gürbüz and my father Oktay Gürbüz for their support during my education life and also for their trust and love. I must also send my very special and great thanks to my sister Serap Gürbüz for her technical assistance and valuable encouragement and for her moral support. The most special and great thanks must go to my husband, my love Gökay Azaklı. I owe a great debt of gratitude to him, for his great support, technical assistance, understanding, encouragement, enormous patience and also for his great love. without him this research could not have been completed. Last, but not the least, I would like to express my special and great thanks to my son, Kaan Azaklı, for his sweetness and for his moral support with his smiley face. I love him so much. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... iv ÖZ ................................................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................ vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................ xiv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Definition of the Main Problem ........................................................................ 1 1.2. Research Methodology ...................................................................................... 4 1.3. Structure of the Study ........................................................................................ 6 2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................................... 9 2.1. The Concept and Types of Alternative Tourism ............................................... 9 2.1.1. Types of Alternative Tourism .............................................................. 11 2.2. Health Tourism ................................................................................................ 14 2.2.1. Medical Tourism .................................................................................. 16 2.2.2. Spa and Wellness Tourism ................................................................... 17 2.2.2.1. The Concept of “Spa” and “Wellness” .................................. 17 2.2.2.2. Spa and Wellness Economy .................................................. 26 2.3. The concept of “Thermalism/Thermal Tourism” ............................................ 30 3. OVERVIEW OF THERMAL TOURISM IN THE WORLD ......................... 32 3.1. Historical Development ................................................................................... 32 3.2. General Evaluation of Some Countries ........................................................... 36 3.2.1. Europe .................................................................................................. 39 3.2.1.1. Germany ................................................................................ 39 vii 3.2.1.2. France .................................................................................... 41 3.2.1.3. England .................................................................................. 43 3.2.2. Central and Eastern Europe and Russia ............................................... 44 3.2.2.1. Czech Republic .....................................................................
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