Classic Errors of France
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French Guiana, and Stamps International, Krakow
1 provisional overprints as old stocks were used up for different purposes from the FRENCH FRENCH ones originally intended. GUIANA GUIANA In 1946 Guyane and Inini were combined together as an Overseas Department of The French first established their presence FISCAL France. Some revenues of France continued in 1763. A Penal Colony was set up in 1854 to be overprinted GUYANE for use there, at St Laurent in the Province of Maroni. (GENERAL and several unoverprinted values of French Another penal camp on Devils Island off sets were only released in Guyane. the coast (which became nororious during DUTY) the Dreyfus Affair) gave the colony a bad Recently a satellite launching base was reputation. established in Guyane and economic activity has increased. The administrative centre was at Cayenne, and settlements for logging and for farming Thanks to the following collectors for tropical produce such as coffee, sugar, information and scans : cocoa, manioc and (most important of all) Andrew McClellan, sugar cane spread along the coast. Initially, Before 1934, regular "Fiscal" issues of Tony Hall, revenues of France were used when required France were used in French Guiana, and Stamps International, Krakow. on documents, and may be recognised only can only be distinguished by the cancel. _______________________________________ by the cancellation. 1934. Timbre Fiscal stamps of France of 1925, Type Daussy, ovpt GUYANE. Typo. No wmk. Perf 13½. 1. 1c red-brown, brown & blue ........... 2.50 A cancel "GF" in a roller of dots was used 2. 2c red-brown, brown & blue ........... 2.50 in Guiana. 3. 3c red-brown, brown & blue .......... -
Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 97–170
VOLUME 4 DECEMBER 2019 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 97–170 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2019.04.08 A revision of the genus Psathyrella, with a focus on subsection Spadiceogriseae P. Voto1, F. Dovana2, M. Garbelotto3 1Via Garibaldi 173 45010 Villadose, Italy 2Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy 3Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 *Corresponding author: [email protected] Key words: Abstract: Specimens belonging to taxa traditionally assigned to the subsection Spadiceogriseae of the Genus key Psathyrella were analyzed both morphologically and molecularly. Samples included mainly European collections, molecular phylogenetics selected GenBank accessions, and specimens of various North American taxa described by Smith (1972) and new taxa deposited at the Herbarium of the University of Michigan (MICH). Three additional taxa from Africa and Central systematics America were also included. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses of two loci (ITS and Tef-1α) independently taxonomy and together supported the monophyletic nature of the subsectionSpadiceogriseae , and identified nine statistically supported clades within the subsection. North American and European species often fell within the same clade, suggesting a relatively recent origin of the subsection or human induced intercontinental movement. While this study determines for the first time that the presence of a white veil is diagnostic for the entire subsection, very few morphological traits were associated with individual clades, but clades were often distinctively different in terms of habitat association, suggesting that trophic interactions may have driven the evolution of this group of fungi. -
In the Land of Forgotten Colors on the Trail of Cranach, Dürer and Stradivari: Chemist Georg Kremer Studies and Reproduces the Paints Used by the Old Masters
PRINTING INKS AND COLORS In the land of forgotten colors On the trail of Cranach, Dürer and Stradivari: chemist Georg Kremer studies and reproduces the paints used by the old masters. 34 print process 22/03 TEXT: HELGE BENDL, PHOTOS: KURT HENSELER magician’s wares: dragon’s blood, their brushes in pigments; artists, archi- While Kremer’s wife stokes up the dried cuttlefish ink, red fermented tects and even violin-makers today prefer ceramic woodstove in the living room (lab A rice, charred ivory, curcuma pow- these rediscovered natural materials to workers later process the soot from the der, gallnuts, buckthorn bark and walnut mass-produced industrial paints. beechwood fire into bistre, an historical shells, plus bismuth, ink stone, Russian In the mid-Eighties, Kremer purchased pigment previously used to copy bibles), jade, Spanish ocher, rock crystal and dried the old mill at the southwestern tip of Georg Kremer describes his never-end- cochineal insects, as well as an extract from Bavaria. Today, the company and its mul- ing search for historical formulations, for a purple dye murex that costs 2,000 euros ti-million sales support not only Kremer’s natural substances old and new: “Just as a gram. The most valuable substances are family, but also some thirty employees. words have gone out of use in the course of more precious than gold. An alchemist in Although shops have been opened in time, pigments have also been forgotten. the heart of Bavaria, inhabiting an historic Munich, Stuttgart and New York, Kremer Lukas Cranach even had his own apothe- mill in the village of Aichstetten? continues to coordinate his worldwide cary and sold a variety of substances, mix- Georg Kremer laughs at the idea. -
COOLWALL® Colors
CLEAR TO MISTY COLORS White Lavender 1A-2P Whisper Pink 3A-2P Pink Hibiscus 4A-2P Feminique 5A-2P Sunset Snow 6A-2P Peach Frosting 15A-2P Burgundy Dash 7A-1A Pink Frost 7A-2P Cosmetic Pink 14A-2P Lover’s Knot 14A-3P Santa Fe 14B-3D Mineral Red 14B-4D September Cream 17A-2P Invanhoe Ivory 16A-2P Peach Dust 15A-3P Pleasant Pebble 16A-3P Peach Beige 18A-2P Peach Whisper 17A-3P Abbeystone 18A-3P Candelabra 19A-3P Orange Scent 19A-2P Orange Paste 18B-1P Frothy Orange 18B-2T Orange Drop 18B-3D Apricot Liquer 18C-1P Colonial Peach 18C-2T Mango 18C-3D Lacquer Orange 18C-4D Banana Split 27A-2P Candleglow 19B-1P Orange Gem 19B-2T Tangerine 19B-3D Moon Morn 19C-1P Gobi Sands 19C-2T Squash 19C-3D Indian Corn 19C-4D Patio Brick 20A-1A Vanilla Ice 20A-2P Powder Puff 20A-3P Honey Rose 20B-1P Calfskin 20B-2T Smoked Seville 20B-3D Cattail 20B-4D Vicuna 20C-1P Italian Earth 20C-2T Copper Kettle 20C-3D Hash Brown 20C-4D Abigail 27C-1T Golden Corn 27C-2T Clarion 27C-3D These sample reproductions are an approximation of color and do not denote the actual texture or sheen and vary according to material type and specific batch. Colors also vary depending upon lighting conditions, substrate, exposure, and on-line viewing. On-line viewing is for reference purposes and is not intended for final color choice; it is recommended to refer to Tex-Cote's physical fan deck for final color selection. -
Postage Stamp Collectors Curios, Coins and Kindred Sciences
5 fgs A D V A N C E COPY m Vol. I.. No. I The September, 1908 Canadian. Collector ■ Wt .'1 m m m DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF Postage Stamp Collectors ■ Curios, Coins 1 $ and Kindred Sciences. & m f t S M I f : m TO SUBSCRIBERS As a Special Offer to new subscribers we offer for this month : 25 Canadian, including old jubilees, old map stamps, old 8c. K ing’s Head, 5c. and 7c., etc., and 5 Quebec Tercen tenary stamps, including #c. and 5c. values - $0 So1 ALL Packet of 50 differeut stam ps - - - - - 75 FOR 20 word exchange advt. ------- 20 Subscription to The Canadiaq Collector for one year - - 50 50c. $2.25 Canadian and American subscribers please send cash or money orders. Eng lish, Colonial, and all others send International Money Orders, or unused English or Canadian low value stamps, no others accepted. TO ADVERTISERS SPECIAL .—-ALL our pages are 8 1 /2 x 1112 inches, which is nearly twice as large as other collectors’ papers, considering this our rates are very reasonable. There will be 3000 extra copies of the October issue sent out, that is, 3000 copiesi besides the number we send out every month. This means that it will reach thousands of collectors* in every country where the English lan guage is spoken. Every advertiser knows that the next six months are THE months for advertising, and you will find our rates exceptionally reasonable consider ing our circulation, etc. The October issue will contain at least twenty-four pages of interesting matter. -
Precancels/Canada
PRECANCELS/ CANADA WHOLE NUMBER 1 • SPRING, 2000 GEOFF WALBURN 1902-1999 PRECANCELLED Henry Geoffrey Walburn was born in Bramhall, Cheshire, ADMIRAL England on September 21, 1902. He died in Kelowna, SHADES British Columbia on by Hans Reiche September 4, 1999, at age 96. Geoff was predeceased by The question that was raised his wife Bernice (nee by A. Ellwood about the lack Delaney) in 1995. of data of the Admiral shades that were precancelled During Geoff's lifetime, he originated from this writer. sold real estate, worked on Admirals are full of shades and farms, owned and operated partially listed in the Unitrade a large apple orchard, and, catalogue. prior to his retirement, owned and operated a purposes to be used and For example the 4 cents exists summer resort named Pixie enjoyed by advanced and in olive bistre, olive yellow, Beach which overlooks novice collectors throughout golden yellow and yellow Okanagan Lake just north of the stamp collecting ochre. The golden yellow is the the Okanagan Centre post community. best and often undervalued. office. During much of the Geoff was a founding member The 5 cents exists in dark blue, above, he was ably assisted of the Okanagan Mainline grey blue and indigo. The 5 by his wife Bernice. Philatelic Association which cents violet shades are not as Geoff was an accomplished recently celebrated its 40th pronounced. bridge player and belonged anniversary. He belonged to The 7 cents has some very nice to many clubs over the years. numerous stamp fraternities shades such as the straw, sage An avid reader, he was which included BNAPS, CPS of green, greenish yellow and constantly busy at a number GB, RPSC, PHS of Canada, and olive bistre. -
France & Col O Nies
1062 FRANCE FRANCE 1862 Re-issue 34 A5 30c brn, yelsh (’67) 600.00 12.50 Type II 10b A2 10c bister 425.00 a. 30c dk brn, yellowish 975.00 30.00 11a A2 25c blue 250.00 35 A5 40c pale org, yellow- frants ish 600.00 8.75 1849-50 Typo. Unwmk. Imperf. The re-issues are in lighter colors and on a. 40c org, yelsh (’68) 610.00 11.00 whiter paper than the originals. c. Half used as 20c on cover 32,500. 1 A1 10c bis, yelsh 36 A5 80c rose, pnksh LOCATION — Western Europe (’50) 1,250. 275.00 (’68) 725.00 18.00 GOVT. — Republic a. 10c dark bister, yelsh 1,500. 325.00 1853-60 Imperf. a. 80c carmine, yellowish 1,050. 27.50 b. 10c greenish bister 2,150. 325.00 d. Half used as 40c on cover 36,500. AREA — 210,033 sq. mi. e. Tˆete beche pair 50,000. 11,250. Die I. The curl above the forehead directly e. Quarter used as 20c on POP. — 58,978,172 (1999 est.) 2 A1 15c green, grnsh below “R” of “EMPIRE” is made up of two lines cover 40,000. (’50) 15,500. 725.00 very close together, often appearing to form a 37 A6 5fr gray lil, lav (’69) 4,300. 775.00 CAPITAL — Paris a. 15c yellow green, grnsh 16,500. 800.00 a. “5” and “F” omitted 56,000. c. Tˆete bˆeche pair single thick line. There is no shading across c. 5fr bluish gray, lavender 4,800. -
OIL PAINTING GLOSSARY Alkyd (Pronounced: Al-Kid)
OIL PAINTING GLOSSARY Alkyd (Pronounced: al-kid) An alkyd is a synthetic resin that can be added to oil paint to speed up the drying time of oil paints. You can buy an alkyd-based medium that you can mix in with your oils; the most commonly available is Liquin by Winsor & Newton. “Alla Prima” (Pronounced: ah-luh pree-ma) Alla Prima is an Italian oil painting technique, usually from life, in which the entire painting is completed in one session or while the paint is still wet. Usually, there isn’t any underpainting to the piece. Portraits, landscapes, and still life are common subject matter using alla prima. It translates as “at the first”. In past eras, it was used primarily as a means of sketching, but eventually, it became a means of producing finished works of art by the Impressionists. “Bistre” Bistre (“the wipe-out method”) is an underpainting using warm browns (usually raw umber or burnt umber). A thin wash of Raw umber is painted over the white canvas and then ‘wiped out’ to create a tonal underpainting. The shadows are built up using thin color, allowing the warmth of the brown to show through while the lights and midtones are applied as opaque color. You can also use Burnt Umber for an even warmer, darker underpainting. The Bistre method lends itself very well to chiaroscuro. Chiaroscuro (Pronounced: key-ARE-oh-SCURE-oh) Chiaroscuro is an Italian word literally meaning “light dark”, used to describe the skillful balance of light and dark in a painting with strong contrasts to create a dramatic effect. -
Woodgrain Prints
woodgrain prints The beginning of something stunning. Custom Color Matching Durable Woodgrain Panels No High Order Minimums Fabrication to Exact Specifications Eco-friendly Paint Process Cut-to-Size and Custom Fabricated woodgrain prints by Panel Processing, Inc. The Details • 4' x 8' sheets stocked in 3.2mm & 5.5mm Panel Processing’s Woodgrain Prints are a different type of panel. It’s not • UV Top Coated digitally printed, it’s not veneer and it’s not laminate. The realistic look of Panel’s • Meets All KCMA Standards Woodgrain Prints is achieved utilizing a gravure printing method with a one to • Printed One Side, Two Sided Available three color process that goes directly onto the substrate. This direct transfer • Custom Color Matching Available print application offers a consistent transfer of ink and a high quality image with • Cut-to-Size repeatable color and consistency. Multiple engraved cylinders of different wood • Custom Fabricated species give this collection of Woodgrain Prints diversity and character for multiple • Perforated Upon Request projects. Although custom colors are available, the standard colors listed below • Meets All KCMA Standards are complementary to many industry laminates. Start your next project with Panel Processing's Woodgrain Prints...the beginning of something stunning. The Standard Colors PPI-001 PPI-002 PPI-003 PPI-004 Cocoa Bean Java Acer Maple Autumn Mist PPI-005 PPI-006 PPI-007 PPI-008 Cognac Flax Maple Bistre Brown Bourbon PPI-009 PPI-010 PPI-011 PPI-012 Holland Oak Zebrano Burnt Umber Hilltop Cherry PPI-013 PPI-014 Montgomery Maple Panel Mahogany 120 North Industrial Hwy. -
Asterpieces O Ensravins On
asterpieces o Ensravins on Postage Stamps 1840 ~ 1940 By ROBSON LOWE NFLD HE 6183 E5 L69 1943 _ i fa. terpiect!s ol Lnsravins Cl/1 !f>ostase ~ftatnp .....- 1840 = 19-10 1.--<' I ,......._J _ ..._ . ... ..._ . 1 --..c t < f :a• t ~-o t ~- 1 ~ 1 - a: - t --- J ·-. I ---"" 1 'i ~ I '\ I ) \" L ( i i 1 r l L ;- ~ ~ ? ~ ::tJ.,. •. ·- 1 -• l • 1 •• 1 · I • 1 - 1 ~ 1 - f •• l =-- 1 -- 1 J -- I - 1 "- J -· l •c i ~- L •· I -- l -· J - 1 >...- l - I "- 1 - J - 1"" - 1 · 1 - J - \ · 1 ·· 1 •· 1 •• 1 • l .. , -- . --.-.~-a:- - ~ liy .\ . E. CIJ:tlon. ]! _\ . 1\14/. !IE 6/?g £5" L'9 I ?Lf :S asterpieces of Ensravin,g 011 :fc)stase(jj) J tarrzps' 1840=1940 By Robson Lowe SEP 2 4 2009 London: Published by tf1e Posta[ History Society 501 Pall Ma!C S.W. 1 Page Foreword 5 Introduction 7 London Pride 9 The Judgment of Paris 44 Belgian Beauty 57 The Dutch School 60 European Elegance 65 A Miscellany of Art 69 The Chamber of Horrors 83 Index 94 1943: P1inted by WOOD & SON , 5 Mill Street, Perth. Blocks by THE DIRECT PHOTO ENGRA VI NG CO., LTD., 38 Farrinqdon Street, London , E.C.4. Dear Folks , This book has been written for you and those like you, who may know little about postage stamps but can recognise those that attain a certain standard of beauty. In some sense this is your book, for such sense of beauty that you bred in me must be reflected here ; it certainly would not have been written if you had not fostered my enthusiasm for stamp collecting some thirty years ago. -
AUSTRALIAN NUMISMATIST 2011 Contents
AUSTRALIAN NUMISMATIST 2011 Publication of the NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION OF VICTORIA (Incorporating the Numismatic Society of Victoria, founded 1914, and the Association of Australian Numismatists (Melb.), 1939) NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION OF VICTORIA Founded 1946 ***** Office Bearers for 2011 President: Frank ROBINSON Vice Presidents: Secretary: Treasurer: David LIKAR Councillors Pat SHIELDS Ross WILKINSON Editor "Australian Numismatist": Frank ROBINSON Editor Newsletter: Peter HAMILTON Librarian: Pat SHIELDS Website: www.navic.org.au Recipients of the NAV ‘Award of Merit’ 1969 H J JENKIN 1971 E PHILPOTTS 1974 R T N JEWELL FRNS 1979 J SIMON BEM 1986 B TURVEY 1990 L T PEPPERELL 1992 H J PRANGE 1994 D WICKS 1996 Dr J CHAPMAN 1996 L HENDERSON 1998 P SHIELDS 2000 T MAY 2001 J HARWOOD 2001 J O’RILEY 2003 P HAMILTON 2005 F ROBINSON 2006 J HOPE 2011 B XYNOS AUSTRALIAN NUMISMATIST 2 0 1 1 Publication of the NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION OF VICTORIA (Incorporating the Numismatic Society of Victoria, founded 1914, and the Association of Australian Numismatists (Melb.), 1939) NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION OF VICTORIA PO Box 4047, Frankston Heights 3199 [email protected] AUSTRALIAN NUMISMATIST 2011 Contents Len Henderson Mullets and Barre 5 Frank Robinson Notgeld Millions 11 Darren Burgess A Numismatic Autobiography 35 Bill Xynos A ‘coined’ Classic Postage Stamp 47 Ross Wilkinson Birthday Numismatics 65 Cover: Bielefeld City Savings Bank, 1 million mark, 11 August 1923 All articles printed herein remain the property of the authors. Copyrights reserved. Permission to reprint through the NAV. MULLETS AND BARRE By Len Henderson, NAV 4091 These words “mullets” and “barre” are heraldic terms for what are usually called “stars and stripes”. -
C L E a R T O M I S T Y C O L O
CLEAR TO MISTY COLORS White Lavender 1A-2P Whisper Pink 3A-2P Pink Hibiscus 4A-2P Feminique 5A-2P Sunset Snow 6A-2P Peach Frosting 15A-2P Burgundy Dash 7A-1A Pink Frost 7A-2P Cosmetic Pink 14A-2P Lover’s Knot 14A-3P Santa Fe 14B-3D Mineral Red 14B-4D September Cream 17A-2P Invanhoe Ivory 16A-2P Peach Dust 15A-3P Pleasant Pebble 16A-3P Peach Beige 18A-2P Peach Whisper 17A-3P Abbeystone 18A-3P Candelabra 19A-3P Orange Scent 19A-2P Orange Paste 18B-1P Frothy Orange 18B-2T Orange Drop 18B-3D Apricot Liquer 18C-1P Colonial Peach 18C-2T Mango 18C-3D Lacquer Orange 18C-4D Banana Split 27A-2P Candleglow 19B-1P Orange Gem 19B-2T Tangerine 19B-3D Moon Morn 19C-1P Gobi Sands 19C-2T Squash 19C-3D Indian Corn 19C-4D Patio Brick 20A-1A Vanilla Ice 20A-2P Powder Puff 20A-3P Honey Rose 20B-1P Calfskin 20B-2T Smoked Seville 20B-3D Cattail 20B-4D Vicuna 20C-1P Italian Earth 20C-2T Copper Kettle 20C-3D Hash Brown 20C-4D Abigail 27C-1T Golden Corn 27C-2T Clarion 27C-3D These sample reproductions are an approximation of color and do not denote the actual texture or sheen and vary according to material type and specific batch. Colors also vary depending upon lighting conditions, substrate and exposure. When color matching is critical, an applied sample is required and all materials should be from the same batch. Special colors are subject to confirmation by Textured Coatings of America, Inc.