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From Economics of the Firm to Business Studies at Oxford: an Intellectual History (1890S-1990S) Lise Arena

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From Economics of the Firm to Business Studies at Oxford: an Intellectual History (1890S-1990S) Lise Arena From Economics of the Firm to Business Studies at Oxford: An Intellectual History (1890s-1990s) Lise Arena To cite this version: Lise Arena. From Economics of the Firm to Business Studies at Oxford: An Intellectual History (1890s-1990s). History. University of Oxford, 2011. English. tel-00721620 HAL Id: tel-00721620 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721620 Submitted on 28 Jul 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. From Economics of the Firm to Business Studies at Oxford: An Intellectual History (1890s-1990s) A Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Lise Arena Oriel College 2011 2 To Anna Maricic who, twenty years ago, was concerned with the Marshallian foundations of Industrial Economics, 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In writing this thesis, I owe a debt of gratitude to very many people, not least because of the manifold interactions – with interviewees, archivists, and of course, supervisors and advisors – that have marked the progress of my thesis. My first and greatest gratitude is to Jane Humphries who persistently encouraged me as well as extended great wisdom and guidance to me throughout my studies at Oxford University. Starting with her supervision of my M.Sc. thesis, and subsequently throughout my doctoral research, Jane has very generously, unsparingly and unfailingly expended time, advice and support to facilitate and guide my research efforts. The topic of this D.Phil thesis gradually evolved out of my M.Sc. thesis in the Department of Economic and Social History. This had addressed post-Marshallian approaches to the firm and competition with particular emphasis on a comparative analysis of the contributions by Joan Robinson, Elizabeth Brunner and Edith Penrose. Initially, Avner Offer encouraged me to continue in the direction of intellectual history rather than the more specific focus on the history of (post-Marshallian) economic analysis adopted in my M.Sc. thesis. He also very helpfully suggested I contact Nicholas Dimsdale as a joint supervisor. Many very fruitful and productive discussions with Nicholas Dimsdale eventually led me to concentrate my research interest on the evolution of industrial economics at the University of Oxford specifically, and also facilitated my access to a number of interviewees whose involvement with the emergence of management studies at Oxford University, in turn, gave rise to chapter 6 of this thesis. I am immensely grateful to Nicholas Dimsdale for his interest in and engagement with my thesis, as well as for extremely valuable suggestions that helped to focus my research and that drew my attention to numerous aspects and implications of my work which might otherwise have escaped my full appreciation. Over and above her role as my thesis supervisor, Jane Humphries also was very helpful and supportive in helping me deal with the sometimes complex multi-disciplinary aspects of my thesis topic and by ensuring that, despite the inherently inter-disciplinary aspects of my work, I did not loose sight of the importance of developing a consistent framework from the perspective of historical analysis and intellectual history. I am, furthermore, deeply grateful to Professor Anthony Hopwood, for his very helpful, constructive and inspiring role as internal examiner for my D.Phil. transfer and confirmation of status viva. He was a key advisor at different stages of my thesis and shared his valuable expertise on the history of management studies in Oxford. My meetings with him were very reassuring and helped to refine and narrow down the direction of my research. Very sadly, Professor Hopwood passed away in May 2010. Beyond those immediately in charge of supervising my research, I am indebted to many more than I can possibly list here. But a very great debt of gratitude is due to Andrew Glyn and Walter Eltis who taught me classical economic thought during MSc studies and, to a large extent, inspired me to embark on what would turn out to be my D.Phil. research. 4 Each chapter has benefited from the help of people, many of whom were suggested to me by Nicholas Dimsdale. Help and comments on chapters 1 and 2 have come from David Stout, Frederic Lee and Daniele Besomi. Special thanks to David Stout who allowed me to quote his personal archives of the Oxford Economists Research Group that he chaired in 1965, its final year of existence. In March 2008, I was invited to contribute to the International Workshop “Marshall and Marshallians on Industrial Economics” at Hitosubashi University in Tokyo. This opportunity greatly helped me to develop and improve chapter 3 of the thesis, for which I am very grateful. Suggestions from scholars such as Roger Backhouse, Simon Cooke, Tamotsu Nishizawa and Tiziano Raffaelli were very helpful, indeed, and I would like to thank them for their interest in my work at such an early stage of its development, and Simon Cooke, Tamotsu Nishizawa and Tiziano Raffaelli, in particular, for having included my chapter in their edited conference volume on Marshall and Marshallians on Industrial Economics, Routledge (2011). Donald Hay and Derek Morris were instrumental in providing me with very valuable insights into, and on overview of, what industrial economics amounted to in Oxford at certain points in time, and how it evolved over the years. Their comments and discussion were of great value for chapter 4. Chapter 5 would not have existed without my interactions with George Richardson and Harald Malmgren. I greatly appreciate the time they dedicated to exchanges with me in this regard, and I would like, in particular, to thank George Richardson for having written a piece of evidence on an ancient controversy (reproduced in the Appendix 12) and Mr. Malmgren for giving me permission to access, quote and photocopy his 1961 D.Phil. thesis. I am greatly obliged to Dr. Bob Tricker, formerly President of Templeton College, for his useful comments and for giving me permission to quote extracts of his personal diaries in chapter 6. I am deeply grateful to Ashley Raeburn who sadly passed away in January 2010 and to his son Richard, for giving me permission to quote extracts of Ashley Raeburn’s unpublished memoirs and of an interview I conducted with him in October 2009. I would, furthermore, like to thank Dorothy Cooke and Bill Impey, former administrators at Templeton College, Oxford, who facilitated my research by introducing me to key actors and by providing me with their personal archives. Last, but not least, my various meetings with Uwe Kitzinger, former Dean of Templeton College, were very helpful and precious. His permission to quote the minutes and correspondence regarding management education at Oxford in the 1970s and 1980s was essential and deserves special mention. Other former fellows’ suggestions and comments were also very precious and have come from Laurie Baragwanath, Richard Smethurst, Rosemary Stewart, Roger Undy, Bob Vause, and others. Special thanks go to the members of the Management History Research Group who attended the 2010 MHRG conference and who have provided additional insights into my work. Last, but not least, I am very grateful to Professor Colin Mayer, Dean of the 5 Said Business School, who trusted me as his research assistant to collect memories in a set of interviews with some of those who contributed to the emergence and the development of the School in Oxford. Obviously, much of my archival work would have been impossible without the generous and very friendly help of librarians and archivists. In particular, the assistance provided by all the library staff of Nuffield College regarding my work on the Oxford University Gazette and on PWS Andrews’s contributions proved highly valuable. I am also grateful to Mr. Collin Harris, superintendent of the Special Collections Reading Rooms at the Bodleian Library for his help regarding the files on management studies and Harald Malmgren’s D.Phil. thesis that I accessed in the old Duke Humphrey’s Library. The thesis could not have been completed without the assistance provided by Anna Towlson and her colleagues of the LSE Archives in London. Their help regarding my access to the Andrews and Brunner’s archives provided essential data for my work. There are also many people I owe a debt of gratitude for providing additional insights and helping proofreading this thesis: Dr. Ed Tarleton who always had interesting comments and a refreshing view on my work, Jacky and Ray for their incredibly helpful proofreading as well as Stephanie for her patience, her constant presence and her valuable advise. Despite the aid of all these people any errors contained within the thesis are entirely my own. On a more personal note, I am immensely grateful to my father for being who he is and for having given me initial curiosity in History. 6 ABSTRACT This thesis is concerned with the institutional, intellectual and socio-cultural history of the emergence and evolution of three academic subject areas at the University of Oxford, UK: industrial economics, economic theories of the firm and management studies. It charts and evaluates the gradual and, at times, conflictual process of their institutionalisation at Oxford, from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th century, through the analysis of the evolution of teaching and research in economics and management fuelled by struggles for intellectual ascendency and power in these disciplinary developments.
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