^ ^ -WcyCfenden cCel,etsc. JjoncCon /g4$ PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
From November 21, 1872, to November 27, 1873.
VOL. XXL
LONDON: PE IN TED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
MDCCCLXXIII.
.^2 n S cV t " C ■ «?w; •" '{/■■- -> £ 1 '"* ' ■fl i ! J CONTENTS.
VOL. XXI.
No. 139.—November 21, 1872. Page Further Experiments on the more important Physiological Changes induced in the Human Economy by change of Climate. By Alexander Rattray, M.D. (Edin.), Surgeon R.N., H.M.S. 1 Britannia ’ ...... 2
On the Mechanical Conditions of the Respiratory Movements in Man. By Arthur Ransome, M.D...... 11
On Linear Differential Equations.—No. VI. By W. H. L. Russell, F.R.S. 14
On Linear Differential Equations.—No. VII. By W. H. L. Russell, F.R.S. 20
November 30, 1872. Anniversary Meeting: Report of A uditors...... 21 List of Fellows deceased, &c. since last Anniversary...... 22 ------elected ...... 22 Address of the President ...... 23 Presentation of the Medals ...... 30 Election of Council and Officers ...... 32 Financial Statement ...... 33 & 34
Account of the appropriation of the sum of £1000 annually voted by Par liament to the Royal Society (the Government Grant), to be employed in aiding the advancement of Science ...... 35
Account of Sum granted from the Donation Fund in 1872 ...... 36
List of Presents ...... 36
Report of the Kew Committee...... 42
No. 140.—December 5, 1872. . Synthesis of Aromatic Monamines by Intramolecular Atomic Interchange. By A. W. Hofmann, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S...... 47 IV Page Transformation of Aniline into Toluidine. By A. W. Hofmann, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S...... Colouring-matters derived from Aromatic Azodiamines. By A. W. Hofmann, LL.D., F.R.S., and A. Geyger, Ph.D...... - • • • 5b New Method for producing Amides and Nitriles. By E. A. Letts, Berlin University Laboratory ...... bl Investigation of the Attraction of a Galvanic Coil on a small Magnetic Mass. By James Stuart, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge...... 66
December 12, 1872.
A Contribution to the Knowledge of Haemoglobin. By E. Ray Lankester, M.A. Oxon., Fellow of Exeter College, and Radcliffe Travelling Fellow of the University. (Plate I.) ...... 70 On the Structural Composition of Urinary Calculi. By H. Vandyke Carter, M.D. Lond...... 81 Researches in Spectrum-Analysis in connexion with the Spectrum of the Sun.—No. I. By J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S...... 83
December 19, 1872.
Magnetical Observations in the Britannia and Conway Tubular Iron Bridges. By Sir George Biddell Airy, K.C.B., P.R.S., Astronomer Royal 85 On the Organization of the Fossil Plants of the Coal-measures.—Part IV. Dictyoxylon, Lyyinodendron, and Heterangium. By W. C. Williamson, F.R.S., Professor of Natural History in Owens College, Manchester .... 86 Observations on the Temperature of the Arctic Sea in the neighbourhood of Spitzbergen. By John C. Wells, Capt. R.N...... 91 List of P resents...... 98
No. 141.—January 9, 1873. On a new Method of viewing the Chromosphere. By J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S., and G. M. Seabroke...... f ...... 105
^MLA* yj-6p)ar^S on ®ense °f Sight in Birds. By Robert James Lee,
Union of Ammonia Nitrate with Ammonia. By Edward Divers, m.d ...... ,, ...... r,...... : 109
January 16, 1873. A new Formula for a Microscope Object-glass. By F. H. W enham ...... I l l
N°MAn F TS ' 0ne°US Extension of Jacobi’s Theorem. By Isaac Todhunter, V Page Additional Note to the Paper u On a supposed Alteration in the Amount of Astronomical Aberration of Light produced by the Passage of the Light through a considerable thickness of Refracting Medium.” By the Pre sident ...... 121 Account of a Meteor that fell on the u Seven Stones” Light-ship, in a Letter from the Secretary to the Corporation of the Trinity House, addressed to the President ...... 122
January 23, 1873. Contributions to the History of the Orcins.—No. III. Amido-derivatives of Orcin. By John Stenhouse, LL.D., F.R.S., &c...... 122 Note on the Wide-slit Method of viewing _the Solar Prominences. By William Huggins, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S...... 127 ■ • On the Fossil Mammals of Australia.—Part VIII. Family Macropodidje: Genera Macropus, Osphranter,Phascolayus, and By Professor Owen, F.R.S. &c...... 128
January 30, 1873. Note on the Origin of Bacteria, and on their Relation to the Process of Putrefaction. By H. Charlton Bastian, M.D., F.R.S...... 129 On Just Intonation in Music; with a description of a new Instrument for the easy control of all Systems of Tuning other than the ordinary equal Temperament of Twelve Divisions in the Octave. By R. H. M. Bosan- quet, Fellow of St. John’s College, Oxford...... 131 On the Composition and Origin of the Waters of a Salt Spring in Huel Seton Mine, with a Chemical and Microscopical examination of certain Rocks in its vicinity. By J. Arthur Phillips, Mem.Inst.C.E...... 132 List of Presents...... 134 On Some Properties of Anhydrous Liquefied Ammonia. By G. Gore, F.R.S. 140
No. 142.—February 6, 1873. On the Osteology of the Uyopotamidce. By Dr. W. Kowalevsky ...... 147 Magnetic Survey of Belgium in 1871. By the Rev. S. J. Pei’ry ...... 165
February 13, 1873. On Curvature and Orthogonal Surfaces. By A. Cayley, F.R.S., Sadlerian Professor of Mathematics in the University of Cambridge ...... 166 On a new Relation between Heat and Electricity. By Frederick Guthrie, F.R.S...... 168 February 20, 1873. On the Anatomy and Histology of the Land-Planarians of Ceylon, with some Account of their Habits, and a Description of two new Species, and with Notes on the Anatomv of some European Aquatic Species. By H. N. Moseley, M.A., Exeter College, Oxford...... 169 On a new Locality of Amblygonite, and on Montebrasite, a new Hydrated Aluminium and Lithium Phosphate. By A. O. Des Cloizeaux...... 171 vi
February 27,1873. Page On Leaf-Arrangement. By Hubert Airy, M.A., M.D...... 176 List of Presents ...... 180 On tbe Combined Action of Heat and Pressure upon the Paraffins. By T. E. Thorpe and John Young, of the Andersonian University, Glasgow .. 184 No. 143.— March6, 1873. List of Candidates for Election into the Society ...... 202 On the Vapour-density of Potassium.—Preliminary Notice. By James Dewar and William Dittmar...... 203 On New Sources of Ethyl- and Methyl-Aniline. By John Spiller, F.C.S. 204 On a new Genus of Amphipod Crustaceans. By Rudolph von Willemoes- Suhm, Ph.D., Naturalist to the ‘Challenger ’ Exploring-Expedition.... 206
March 13, 1873. Note on Supersaturated Saline Solutions. By Charles Tomlinson, F .R .S .. 208 Visible Direction: being an Elementary Contribution to the Study of Monocular and Binocular Vision. By James Jago, M.D. Oxon., A.B. Cantab., F.R.S...... 213
March 20, 1873. On the Distribution of the Invertebrata in relation to the Theory of Evolu tion. By John D. Macdonald, M.D., F.R.S., Staff Surgeon R.N., Assis tant Professor of Naval Hygiene, Netley Medical School...... 218 On the Temperature at which Bacteria, Vibriones, and their Supposed Germs are killed when immersed in Fluids or exposed to Heat in a moist state. By H. Charlton Bastian, M.A., M.I)., F.R.S., Professor of Patho logical Anatomy in University College, London...... 224 Some new Theorems on the Motion of a Body about a Fixed Point. By Edward John Routh, M.A., F.R.S...... 233
March 27, 1873. f The Bakerian Lecture.—On the Radiation of Heat from the Moon, the Law of its Absorption by our Atmosphere, and its variation in amount with her Phases. By the Earl of Rosse, D.C.L., F.R.S., &c...... 241
April3, 1873. On the Structure of Striped Muscular Fibre. By Edward Albert Schafer.. 242 Note on the Synthesis of Marsh-gas and Formic Acid, and on the Electric Decomposition of Carbonic Oxide. By Sir B. C. Brodie, Bart., D.C.L., x1 .R.S., late Wayntiete Professor of Chemistry in the University of Oxford 245
0llran Air-Battery. By J. H. Gladstone, Ph.D., F.R.S., and Alfred Tribe, 247 List of Presents 253 vii
No. 144.— Apr24, 1873.
On the Durability and Preservation of Iron Ships, and on Riveted Joints. By Sir William Fairbairn, Bart., F.R .S...... 259
On the Employment of Meteorological Statistics in determining the best Course for a Ship whose Sailing Qualities are known. By Francis Galton, F.R.S...... 263
May 1, 1873. List of Candidates for Election into the Society ...... 274
On the Condensation of a Mixture of Air and Steam upon Cold Surfaces. By Osborne Reynolds, M.A., Fellow of Queen’s College, Cambridge, and Professor of Engineering in the Owens College, Manchester ...... 275
On the direct Synthesis of Ammonia. By W. F. Donkin ...... 281
On the Effect of Pressure on the Character of the Spectra of Gases. By C. H. Stearn and G. H. Lee ...... 282
May 8, 1873. The Action of Light on the Electrical Resistance of Selenium. By Lieut. Sale, R .E...... 283 Researches in Spectrum-Analysis in connexion with the Spectrum of the Sun.—No. II. By J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S...... 285 Contributions to the Study of the Errant Annelides of the Older Palaeozoic Rocks. By H. Alleyne Nicholson, M.D., D.Sc., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.E., Professor of Natural History in University College, Toronto ...... 288
May 15, 1873.
Determination of the Number of Electrostatic Units in the Electromagnetic Unit made in the Physical Laboratory of Glasgow University. By Dugald M‘Kichan, M.A...... 290
On Jeypoorite, a Sulph-antimonial Arsenide of Cobalt. By Major W. A. Ross, late Royal Artillery...... 292
On a Periodicity of Rainfall in connexion with the Sun-spot Periodicity. By C. Meldrum, Director of the Meteorological Observatory, Mauritius.. 297
On the Heating of a Disk by rapid Rotation in vacuo. By Balfour Stewart, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy in Owens College, Man chester, and P. G. Tait, M.A., Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh ...... 309
On the Extension of the Numerical Value of it. By William Shanks .... 318 List of Presents...... * • • 320 viii
No. 145. Page Further Observations on the Temperature at which , and their Supposed Germs are killed when exposed to Heat in a moist state; and on the Causes of Putrefaction and Fermentation. By H. Charlton Bastian, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Pathological Anatomy in University College, London. (Bead May 1) ...... 325
May 29, 1873. The Croonian Lecture.—On Muscular Irritability after Systemic Death. By Benjamin Ward Richardson, M.D., F.R.S...... 339
June 12, 1873. Election of Fellows 348
June 19,1873. Experiments on the Development of Bacteria in Organic Infusions. By C. C. Pode, M.B., Demonstrator to the Regius Professor of Medicine, and E. Ray Lankester, M.A., Fellow and Lecturer of Exeter College . . 349
On the Nature and Physiological Action of the Poison of Naja and other Indian Venomous Snakes.—Part I. By T. Lauder Brunton, M.D., Sc.D., M.R.C.P., and J. Fayrer, C.S.I., M.D., F.R.C.P. Lond., F.R.S.E., Surgeon-Major Bengal A rm y...... 358
Observations on the Effects of Exercise on the Temperature and Circula tion. By C. Handheld Jones, M.B. Cantab., F.R .S...... 374
On a newly discovered extinct Mammal from Patagonia ( Cunninghami).By William Henry Flower, F.R.S., Hunterian Professor of Comparative Anatomy, and Conservator of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons ...... 383
On the Mathematical Expression of Observations of Complex Periodical Phenomena, and on Planetary Influence on the Earth’s Magnetism. By Charles Chambers, F.R.S., and F. Chambers...... 384
The Diurnal Variations of the W ind and Barometric Pressure at Bombay. By F. Chambers...... 384
Researches in the Dvnamics of a Rigid Body by the aid of the Theory of Screws. By Robert Stawell Ball, LL.D., F.R.S...... 385
On the Fossil Mammals of Australia. Family MacropodiDu®. Genera Macropus, Pachysiaqon, Leptosiae/on, and Palorchestes.— Part IX. By Prof. Owen, C.B., F.R.S...... 386 Observations on the Currents and Undercurrents of the Dardanelles and „ Bosphorus, made by Commander J. L. Wharton, of H.M. Surveying- Ship ‘ Shearwater,’ between the months of June and October, 1872 .... 387
Normal Primary Heptyl Alcohol. By Harry Grimshaw and Carl Schor- lemmer, F.R.S...... 393 ix
On the Organization of the Possil Plants of the Coal-measures.—Part V. Aster ophyllites. By W. C. Williamson, F.R.S., Professor of Natural History in Owens College, Manchester ...... 394
On a tendency observed in Sun-spots to change alternately from the one Solar Hemisphere to the other. By Warren De La Rue, D.C.L., F.R.S., Balfour Stewart, LL.D., F.R.S., and Benjamin Loewy, F.R.A.S...... 399
On the Structure and Development of the Skull in the Pte (Sits scrofa'). By W. K. Parker, F.R.S...... 402
Results of the Comparisons of the Standards of Length of England, Austria, Spain, United States, Cape of Good Hope, and of a second Russian Standard, made at the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton. By Lieutenant-Colonel A. R. Clarke, C.B., R.E., F.R.S., &c., under the direction of Major-General Sir Henry James, R.E., F.R.S., &c., Director- General of the Ordnance Survey. W ith a Preface and Notes on the Greek and Egyptian Measures of Length by Sir Henry James ...... 407
Researches on Emeralds and Beryls.—Part I. On the Colouring-matter of the Emerald. By Greville Williams, F.R.S...... 409
No. 146.—June 19, 1873 (continued).
On a Standard Voltaic Battery. By Latimer Clark, C.E...... 422
Note on High-Power Definition as illustrated by a compressed scale. By E. B. Beaumont, F.R.S., and Dr. Royston-Pigott, F .R .S .. . . 422
On the Accommodation of Vision, and the Anatomy of the Ciliary Body. By Arthur Trehern Norton, F.R.C.S., Lecturer on Anatomy at St. Mary’s Medical School ...... 423
On Mr. Spottiswoode’s Contact Problems. By W. K. Clifford, M.A., Professor of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics in University College, London...... 425
Observations on the Functions of the Ganglia which are formed in the Posterior Roots of the Spinal Nerves. By Robert Lee, M.D., F.R.S.... 426
Researches in Circular Solar Spectra, applied to test Residuary Aberration in Microscopes and Telescopes, and the construction of a Compensating Eyepiece, being a sequel to the paper on a Searcher for Aplanatic Images. By G. West Royston-Pigott, M.A., M.D. Cantab., Memb. Roy. Coll. Phys., Fellow of the Camb. Phil. Soc., the Royal Ast. Society, &c., and late Fellow of St. Peter’s Coll., Cambridge...... 426
On Comparative Vegetable Chromatology. By H. C. Sorby, F.R.S...... 442 On the Action of Electricity on Gases.—No. II. On the Electric De composition of Carbonic-Acid Gas. By Sir B. C. Brodie, Bart., D.C.L., F.R.S., late Waynflete Professor of Chemistry in the University of O xford...... 483
List of Presents...... 485 No. 147 .—November20, 1873. Page Note on the Electrical Phenomena which accompany irritation of the leaf of Dioncea muscipulci. By J. Burdon Sanderson, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Practical Physiology in University College, London...... 495 On the Algebraical Analogues of Logical Relations. By Alexander J. Ellis, B.A., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.C.P.S., F.C.P...... 497
November 27, 1873. On the Optical Properties of a new Chromic Oxalate. By Walter Noel Hartley, F.C.S., Demonstrator of Chemistry, King’s College, London . . 499 On the Quantitative Analysis of certain Alloys by means of the Spectro scope. By J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S., and William Chandler Roberts, Chemist of the Mint ...... 507 Researches in Spectrum-Analysis in connexion with the Spectrum of the Sun.—Part III. By J. Norman Lockyer ...... 508 List of Presents ...... 514
Index 519
Obituary Notices of Fellows deceased :— William John Macquorn Rankine...... i John Bishop ...... v Baldwin Francis Duppa ...... vi
ILLUSTRATIONS.
II*niogl^V^^US^ra^n” ^ Lankester’s Contribution to the Knowledge of Sok^Spectra^0 ^ illustrating Dr. Royston-Pigott’s Researches in Circular