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Pak-Swiss INRMP (2010) Study on Timber Harvesting Ban in NWFP

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Pak-Swiss INRMP (2010) Study on Timber Harvesting Ban in NWFP 2 Study on timber harvesting ban in NWFP, Pakistan Disclaimer This study was conducted in an independent manner. The views expressed in this study do not present the official position of the NWFP Forest Department and the funding agency (SDC) but those of the Study Team ISBN: 969-9082-02-x Parts of this publication may be copied with proper citation in favour of the Authors and the publishing organization Integrated Natural Resource Management Project 3 This publication is based on 15 months continuous engagement of the team in collecting data, analyses and documentation by the study team. Initiated by: Pak-Swiss Integrated Natural Resource Management Project (INRMP) on request of the NWFP Forest Department in the first yearly planning workshop of the project, to conduct an independent study The Study Team and Authors: Dr. Knut M. Fischer (Team Leader) Muhammad Hanif Khan Alamgir Khan Gandapur Abdul Latif Rao Raja Muhammad Zarif Hamid Marwat Publication editing: Arjumand Nizami Syed Nadeem Bukhari Fatima Daud Kamal Layout: Salman Beenish Printing: PanGraphics (Pvt) Ltd., Islamabad Available from: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Intercooperation Delegation Office Pakistan INRMP / NWFP Forest Department, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Circle, Peshawar Cover photographs: Aamir Rana Amina Ijaz Arjumand Nizami Irshad Ali Mian Roshan Ara Tahir Saleem Technical cooperation: Intercooperation Head Office Berne, Switzerland and Pakistan Pak-Swiss Integrated Natural Resource Management Project (INRMP) GIS lab of Forest Planning and Monitoring Circle, NWFP Forest Department Published by Intercooperation Pakistan through Pak-Swiss Integrated Natural Resource Management Project (INRMP). INRMP is funded by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) 4 Study on timber harvesting ban in NWFP, Pakistan About Intercooperation Intercooperation (IC) in Pakistan and worldwide has been actively engaged in forestry sector right from its inception in 1982. In Pakistan, IC began its development career when Kalam Integrated Development Project (KIDP) was mandated to the newly founded organization by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). Since then, IC remained engaged in forestry at various levels with several stakeholders in the sector including NWFP Forest Department, communities and civil society. For many years, SDC and IC remained active players in Forestry Donors’ Coordination Group which took policy decisions on supporting institutional reforms in NWFP Forest Department. Beside these direct supports extended to forestry sector in NWFP, IC believes that people’s livelihoods are deeply attached with forestry resources and hence any management practices and regimes have a direct influence on people living in and around forests. During its three decades of long tenure in Pakistan, Intercooperation has implemented over twenty development projects in Pakistan, particularly in the fields of natural resource management, mainly for SDC. About Integrated Natural Resource Management Project (INRMP) INRM project is funded by Swiss Government (SDC) and Government of NWFP and is jointly implemented by NWFP Forest Department and Intercooperation. The project aims at collaborative working between different NRM players (e.g. forestry, agriculture, livestock) for an integrated planning and management of natural resources in a village. The project was founded on the interventions and lessons learned during the previous forestry development projects (KIDP, Siran SFP, FMC, FSP), which had a major impact on reform process of NWFP Forest Department. The project incepted in 2006 and will continue till June 2011. The project operates in districts Lower Dir, Haripur and Mansehra of NWFP. Integrated Natural Resource Management Project 5 LIST OF ABBREviations ADB Asian Development Bank AJK Azad Jammu & Kashmir BL Barren Land CBD Convention on Biodiversity Conservation Cbm Carbon Budget Model CCD Convention on Combating Desertification CCF Chief Conservator of Forests CIR Colour Infrared CTA Chief Technical Advisor DFFW Department of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife DFO Divisional Forest Officer DFP Draft Forest Policy ECOSOC The Economic and Social Council EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPS Environmental Protection Society ERTS Earth Resource Technology Satellite EU The European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FC Forestry Commission FCS Forest Co-operative Societies FD Forest Department FDC Forest Development Corporation FDCG Forestry Donors Coordination Group FDF Forest Development Fund FMC Forest Management Centre FSMP Forestry Sector Master Plan FSP Forestry Sector Project FY Fiscal Year GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit Ha Hectare HESS Household Energy Strategic Study HUJRA Holistic Understanding for Justified Research and Action IC Intercooperation IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFM Intensive Forest Management IGF Inspector General of Forests IIED International Institute for Environment and Development INRM Integrated Natural Resource Management Project ITC Institutional Transformation Cell IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JFM Joint Forest Management JFMCs Joint Forest. Management Committees KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau KIDP Kalam Integrated Development Project KIFMP Kaghan Intensive Forest Management Project LPG Liquefied petroleum gas 6 Study on timber harvesting ban in NWFP, Pakistan MACP Mountain Areas Conservancy Project MAF Million Acre-Feet MAP Medicinal and Aromatic Plants MD Moderately Deep MDGs Millennium Development Goals MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreements Mill Million MoE Federal Ministry of Environment MSS Multispectral Scanner NAs Northern Areas NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCS National Conservation Strategy NEP National Environmental Policy NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NLBI Non-Legally-Binding Instruments NWFP North-West Frontier Province PE&DD Planning, Environment and Development Department PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency PFRI Provincial Forest Resource Inventory RF Reserve Forests RFO Range Forest Officers RGB Red, Green and Blue RL Range Land RNE Royal Netherlands Embassy SAFI Sarhad Awami Forestry Ittehad SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SF Social Forestry SFDP Siran Forest Development Projects SPCS Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy THBS The Timber Harvesting Ban Study TM Thematic Mapper UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change vDCs village Development Committees vDP village Development Plans vLUP village Land Use Planning vOs village Organizations WEHAB Water, Environment, Health, Agriculture and Biodiversity Program of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) WFP World Food Programme WOs Women Organizations WP Working Plans WPI Wholesale Price Index WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development WWF World Wide Fund for Nature Integrated Natural Resource Management Project 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 11 SUMMARY 12 Chapter 1 16 INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE PROBLEM 16 1.2 THE STUDY 17 (1) Study Concept 17 (2) Study Team 17 (3) Accomplishment of the Study 18 (4) Study Contents 18 Chapter 2 19 Forestry AND FOREST Situation PRIOR to THE HARVESTING BAN 2.1 FORESTRY 19 2.1.1 Forest Policy, Forest Laws, and Forest Administration 19 (1) Evolution of National Forest Policies 19 (2) Impacts of Forest Policy 20 (3) Forest Laws 20 (4) Organization of the Forest Department 21 (5) Summing Up 22 2.1.2 Multiplicity of Demands 22 (1) Demands Resulting from Legal Rights 22 (2) Factors of Illegal Commercial Exploitation 23 (3) Environmental Demands 23 (4) Summing Up 23 2.1.3 Initiatives to Improve Forest Planning and 24 Management prior to the Ban (1) Donor-funded Projects 24 (2) Relevant Major Studies 25 (3) Summing Up 25 2.1.4 Timber Harvesting Systems Prior to the Ban 25 (1) Early Harvesting System 25 (2) Forest Development Corporation (FDC) 26 (3) Forest Co-operative Societies (FCS) 26 (4) Summing Up 26 2.2 FORESTS 1996 27 2.2.1 Data Sources, Baseline Study, and Basic Data 27 (1) Provincial Forest Resource Inventory (PFRI) and 27 Study Approach (2) The Study-Area 1996 27 (3) Population and Households 1996 28 (4) General Land-Use 1996 29 (5) Population Density 1996 29 8 Study on timber harvesting ban in NWFP, Pakistan 2.2.2 Total Forest Area and Stock 29 (1) Total Forest Area 1996 29 (2) Area Distribution of Forests 1996 29 (3) Distribution of Forests by Density Class 29 (4) Forest Stock 1996 31 2.2.3 Features of Forest Conditions 1996 32 (1) Status of Forest and Wood Utilization 32 (2) Status of Regeneration 33 (3) Forest Health and vitality 33 (4) Biological Diversity 33 (5) Soil Depth and Humus 33 2.2.4 Wood Consumption/Supply Gap 1996 33 Introduction 33 (1) Timber and Fire-wood Consumption Estimate 1996 34 (2) Timber and Fire-wood Supply Estimate 1996 35 (3) Estimate of Wood Supply from Forests 36 (4) Wood Consumption/Supply Gap 1996 36 (5) Summing Up 37 Chapter 3 TIMBER HARVESTING BAN – DIRECTIVES, COMPLIANCES, and 38 EFFECTIVENESS 3.1 BACKGROUND TO THE TIMBER HARVESTING BAN 38 3.2 INITIAL BAN PERIOD: SEPTEMBER 1993 TO APRIL 1997 38 3.2.1 Directives 38 3.2.2 Compliances and Effectiveness 1993 to 1997 40 (1) Initial Donor Activities to Forest Sector Reforms
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