FAMILY Kaup, 1859 - duckbill [=Nettastominae, Saurenchelidae] Notes: Nettastominae Kaup, 1859b:6 [ref. 2586] (subfamily) [stem corrected to Nettastomat- by Whitley 1935a:216 [ref. 4683], confirmed by Lindberg 1971:100 [ref. 27211], by Steyskal 1980:173 [ref. 14191], by Smith 1989:568 [ref. 13285] and by Nelson 2006:123 [ref. 32486]; family name sometimes seen as Nettastomidae] Saurenchelidae Grassi, 1913:25, 27 [ref. 29912] (family)

GENUS Whitley, 1938 - duckbill eels [=Facciolella Whitley [G. P.], 1938:197, Nettastomella Facciolà [L.], 1911:277] Notes: [ref. 4692]. Fem. Nettastomella physonima Facciolà, 1914. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Nettastomella Facciolà, 1911, preoccupied by Nettastomella Carpenter, 1865 in Mollusca. •Valid as Facciolella Whitley, 1938 -- (Blache et al. 1973:237 [ref. 7185], Smith & Castle 1982:34 [ref. 5453], Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:562 [ref. 13676], Smith 1989:596 [ref. 13285], Klausewitz 1994:445 [ref. 23563], Klausewitz 1995:45 [ref. 22578], Smith 1999:1689 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:752 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Facciolella Whitley, 1938. Nettastomatidae. (Nettastomella) [ref. 7188]. Fem. Nettastomella physonima Facciolà, 1914. Type by subsequent monotypy. Appeared first and dates to 1911, with reference to a description and with juxta [apparently never described, not fully investigated]; subsequently Facciolà 1914:47 [ref. 1290] included physonema [original physonima]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Nettastomella Carpenter, 1865 in Mollusca; replaced by Facciolella Whitley, 1938 who dated to 1914. •In the synonymy of Facciolella Whitley, 1938 -- (Blache et al. 1973:237 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:596 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Facciolella Whitley, 1938. Nettastomatidae.

Species Facciolella castlei Parin & Karmovskaya, 1985 - Castle's witch (author) [=Facciolella castlei Parin [N. V.] & Karmovskaya [E. S.], 1985:1527, Fig. 1-2] Notes: [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 64 (no. 10); ref. 17259] Nazca Ridge, 22°06'S, 81°15'W, depth 230 meters. Current status: Valid as Facciolella castlei Parin & Karmovskaya, 1985. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Nazca Ridge. Habitat: marine. Species Facciolella equatorialis (Gilbert, 1891) - dogface witch eel [= equatorialis Gilbert [C. H.], 1891:347, Chlopsis gilbertii Garman [S.], 1899:316, Pl. 62 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 14 (no. 856); ref. 1625] Off Ecuador, 0°37'00"S, 81°00'00"W, Albatross station 2792, depth 401 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Facciolella equatorialis (Gilbert, 1891). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (gilberti) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Off Pacific Panama, 7°21'N, 79°35'W, Albatross station 3394, depth 511 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Facciolella equatorialis (Gilbert, 1891). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific (if valid). Habitat: marine.

Species Facciolella karreri Klausewitz, 1995 - Red Sea duckbill eel (author) [=Facciolella karreri Klausewitz [W.], 1995:46, Figs. 2-6] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Maritima v. 26 (nos 1-2); ref. 22578] Ras Abu Shagara, Sudan, Red Sea, 21°14.45'N, 37°15.90'E, depth 823-824 meters. Current status: Valid as Facciolella karreri Klausewitz, 1995. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

Species Facciolella oxyrhynchus (Bellotti, 1883) - Facciola's sorcerer [= oxyrhynchus Bellotti [C.], 1883:(172) 177, Fig., Nettastomella physonima Facciolà [L.], 1914:47] Notes: [Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali di Milano v. 26 (fasc. 2); ref. 13617] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Facciolella oxyrhynchus (Bellotti, 1883). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: southern Portugal to Angola, including Madeira. Habitat: marine. (physonima) [Bollettino della Società Zoologica Italiana (3. Ser.) v. 3; ref. 1290] Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Facciolella oxyrhyncha (Bellotti, 1883). Nettastomatidae. Habitat: marine. Species Facciolella saurencheloides (D'Ancona, 1928) - Kamaran witch eel (author) [=Leptocephalus saurencheloides D'Ancona [U.], 1928:52, Pl. 3 (figs. 10-12b)] Notes: [Memoria, Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Kamaran, Yemen, Red Sea, depth 200 meters. Current status: Valid as Facciolella saurencheloides (D'Ancona, 1928). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Kaup, 1859 - duckbill eels [=Hoplunnis Kaup [J. J.], 1859:19] Notes: [ref. 2586]. Fem. Hoplunnis schmidti Kaup, 1859. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Hoplunnis Kaup, 1859 -- (Lane & Stewart 1968:59 [ref. 7904], Smith & Castle 1982:19 [ref. 5453], Smith 1989:576 [ref. 13285], Smith 1999:1673 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:752 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis Kaup, 1859. Nettastomatidae.

Species Hoplunnis diomedianus Goode & Bean, 1896 - blacktail pike-conger [=Hoplunnis diomedianus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.], 1896:146, Pl. 43 (163)] Notes: [Special Bulletin U. S. National Museum No. 2; ref. 1848] Off Cape San Blas, Florida, U.S.A., 28°36'N, 85°33'30"W, Albatross station 2402, depth 111 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis diomediana Goode & Bean, 1896. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Hoplunnis macrura Ginsburg, 1951 - freckled pike-conger, silver conger [=Hoplunnis macrurus Ginsburg [I.], 1951:450, Fig. 5] Notes: [Texas Journal of Science v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 1804] Off Mississippi Delta, Louisiana, U.S.A., 29°14'N, 88°35'W, depth 40 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis macrura Ginsburg, 1951. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. Species Hoplunnis megista Smith & Kanazawa, 1989 - megista duckbill eel (author) [=Hoplunnis megista Smith [D. G.] & Kanazawa [R. H.], in Smith, 1989:579, 614-616] Notes: [Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem. 1 (part 9); ref. 13285] Off Cristobal, (Atlantic) Panama, 9°03'N, 81°22'W, Oregon station 3598, depth 366-403 meters. Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis megista Smith & Kanazawa, 1989. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Hoplunnis pacifica Lane & Stewart, 1968 - Pacific duckbill eel (author) [=Hoplunnis pacifica Lane [E. D.] & Stewart [K. W.], 1968:56, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Contributions in Marine Science v. 13; ref. 7904] Mazatlan, Mexico (Pacific). Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis pacifica Lane & Stewart, 1968. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Hoplunnis punctata Regan, 1915 - slender duckbill eel [=Hoplunnis punctatus Regan [C. T.], 1915:126] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 15 (no. 85); ref. 15006] Lagos, Nigeria. Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis punctata Regan, 1915. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Hoplunnis schmidti Kaup, 1859 - Schmidt's duckbill eel (author) [=Hoplunnis schmidti Kaup [J. J.], 1859:20, Pl. 2 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 2586] Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis schmidti Kaup, 1859. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Hoplunnis sicarius (Garman, 1899) - Garman's hoplunnis (author) [=Atopichthys sicarius Garman [S.], 1899:328, Pl. 66 (figs. 1, 1a, 1b)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Off Colombia/Panama, 6°35'N, 81°44'W, Albaross station 3357,depth over 782 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis sicarius (Garman, 1899). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Hoplunnis similis Smith, 1989 - Bahamian hoplunnis (author) [=Hoplunnis similis Smith [D. G.], 1989:586, Figs. 617, 625-627] Notes: [Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem. 1 (part 9); ref. 13285] Southern Bahamas, 20°53'N, 73°26'W, Oregon station 10851, depth 287 meters. Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis similis Smith, 1989. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas and Florida (U.S.A.) to Brazil. Habitat: marine.

Species Hoplunnis tenuis Ginsburg, 1951 - spotted pike-conger [=Hoplunnis tenuis Ginsburg [I.], 1951:448, Fig. 4] Notes: [Texas Journal of Science v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 1804] Off Cape San Blas, Florida, U.S.A., 28°36'N, 85°33'30"W, Albatross station 2402, depth 111 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Hoplunnis tenuis Ginsburg, 1951. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810 - sorcerers [=Nettastoma Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:66, Hyoprorus Kölliker [R. A. von], 1853:101, Metopomycter Gilbert [C. H.], 1905:585, Muraenosaurus Osório [B.], 1909:14, Osorina Whitley [G. P.], 1951:68] Notes: [ref. 3594]. Neut. Nettastoma melanura Rafinesque, 1810. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810 -- (Blache et al. 1973:236 [ref. 7185], Smith et al. 1981 [ref. 6158], Karrer 1982:62 [ref. 5679], Smith & Castle 1982:7 [ref. 5453], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:563 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:191 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:113 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:604 [ref. 13285], Gomon et al. 1994:197 [ref. 22532], Smith 1999:1690 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:753 [ref. 26989], Paxton et al. 2006:299 [ref. 28995], Smith 2008:180 [ref. 30621], Zhang et al. 2010:302 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Valid as Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. (Hyoprorus) [ref. 2680]. Masc. Hyoprorus messanensis Kölliker, 1853. Type by monotypy. Species originally spelled messanensis, perhaps in error for messinaensis. •Synonym of Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810 -- (Smith et al. 1981:538 [ref. 6158], Smith 1989:604 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. (Metopomycter) [ref. 1631]. Masc. Metopomycter denticulatus Gilbert, 1905. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810 -- (Smith et al. 1981:538 [ref. 6158], Smith 1989:604 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. (Muraenosaurus) [ref. 3317]. Masc. Muraenosaurus guentheri Osório, 1909. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Muraenosaurus Seeley 1874 in Reptilia, replaced by Osorina Whitley, 1951. •In the synonymy of Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810 – (Blache et al. 1973:236 [ref. 7185], Smith et al. 1981:538 [ref. 6158], Smith 1989:604 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. (Osorina) [ref. 4711]. Fem. Muraenosaurus guentheri Osório, 1909. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Muraenosaurus Osorio, 1909, preoccupied by Muraenosaurus Seeley, 1874 in Reptilia. •Synonym of Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810 -- (Blache et al. 1973:236 [ref. 7185], Smith et al. 1981:538 [ref. 6158], Smith 1989:604 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae.

Species Nettastoma falcinaris Parin & Karmovskaya, 1985 - Nazca sorcerer (author) [=Nettastoma falcinaris Parin [N. V.] & Karmovskaya [E. S.], 1985:1525, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 64 (no. 10); ref. 17259] Nazca Ridge, 25°34'S, 85°21'W, depth 1070-1100 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettastoma falcinaris Parin & Karmovskaya, 1985. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific (Nazca Ridge). Habitat: marine.

Species Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810 - blackfin sorcerer [=Nettastoma melanura Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:66, Pl. 16 (fig. 1), Muraenosaurus guentheri Osório [B.], 1909:14, Pl. 1 (figs. 2-4), Leptocephalus longirostris Kaup [J. J.], 1856:150, Pl. 18 (fig. 14), Nettastoma mendax Facciolà [L.], 1893:147, Hyoprorus messanensis Kölliker [R. A. von], 1853:102, Muraenophis saga Risso [A.], 1810:370, Pl. 10 (fig. 39), Leptocephalus urosema Lea [E.], 1913:32, Fig. 33; Pl. 5 (no. 5)] Notes: [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western and eastern Atlantic (including Mediterranean Sea), western Pacific. Habitat: marine. (guentheri) [Memorias do Museu Bocage, Lisboa Fasc. 1; ref. 3317] Off Cape Espichel, Portugal, depth about 800 meters. Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. Habitat: marine. (longirostris) [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. Habitat: marine. (mendax) [Naturalista Siciliano [Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di scienze naturali] v. 12; ref. 13647] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. Habitat: marine. (messanensis) [Verhandlungen der Physikalisch-Medizinischen Gesellschaft zu Würzburg. v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 2680] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. Habitat: marine. (saga) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. Habitat: marine. (urosema) [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 3 (pt 1, no. 7); ref. 14158] North Atlantic, 34°59'N, 33°01'W, station 53, depth 100 meters; 36°53'N, 29°47'W, station 56, depth 100 meters. Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810. Nettastomatidae. Habitat: marine. Species Nettastoma parviceps Günther, 1877 - smallhead duckbill eel [=Nettastoma parviceps Günther [A.], 1877:446, Metopomycter denticulatus Gilbert [C. H.], 1905:585, Fig. 233] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 56); ref. 2009] South of Tokyo, Japan, Challenger station 232, depth 345 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Nettastoma parviceps Günther, 1877. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Antiequatorial, South Africa east to southern Australia and New Zealand; Japan, China and Taiwan to Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. (denticulatus) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 23 (pt 2) [for 1903]; ref. 1631] Vicinity of Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands, Albatross station 4019, depth 409-550 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Nettastoma parviceps Günther, 1877. Nettastomatidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettastoma solitarium Castle & Smith, 1981 - solitary duckbill eel [=Nettastoma solitarium Castle [P. H. J.] & Smith [D. G.], in Smith, Böhlke & Castle, 1981:548, Figs. 2-7] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 6158] Philippines [West of Cabra Island, Occidental Mindoro, South China Sea, western Pacific], 13°49.2'N, 120°01.8'E to 13°48.2'N, 120°02.5'E, depth 415-510 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettastoma solitarium Castle & Smith, 1981. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Comores; Philippines to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Zealand; probably more widespread. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettastoma syntresis Smith & Böhlke, in Smith et al., 1981 - Santaren duckbill eel (author) [=Nettastoma syntresis Smith [D. G.] & Böhlke [J. E.], in Smith, Böhlke & Castle, 1981:546, Figs. 5B, 6B] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 6158] Santaren Channel, near Cuba, 23°40'N, 79°18'W, Silver Bay station 2458, depth 0-290 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Nettastoma syntresis Smith & Böhlke, 1981. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Alcock, 1898 - duckbill eels [=Nettenchelys Alcock [A. W.], 1898:149] Notes: [ref. 92]. Fem. Nettenchelys taylori Alcock, 1898. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Nettenchelys Alcock, 1898 -- (Smith et al. 1981 [ref. 6158], Smith & Castle 1982:12 [ref. 5453], Smith 1989:599 [ref. 13285], Brito 1989 [ref. 13509], Smith 1999:1690 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:753 [ref. 26989], Paxton et al. 2006:299 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys Alcock, 1898. Nettastomatidae.

Species Nettenchelys bellottii (D'Ancona, 1928) - Jeddah duckbill eel (author) [=Leptocephalus bellottii D'Ancona [U.], 1928:60, Pl. 3 (figs. 16-17)] Notes: [Memoria, Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, depth 600 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys bellottii (D'Ancona, 1928). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Red Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettenchelys dionisi Brito, 1989 - Dionis' duckbill eel (author) [=Nettenchelys dionisi Brito [A.], 1989:877, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Copeia 1989 (no. 4); ref. 13509] Candelaria, Tenerife, Canary Islands, depth 400 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys dionisi Brito, 1989. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettenchelys erroriensis Karmovskaya, 1994 - Error duckbill eel (author) [=Nettenchelys erroriensis Karmovskaya [E. S.], 1994:408 [122], Fig.] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 22030] Error Seamount, 10°19'N, 56°10'E, northeastern Indian Ocean, station 2825, depth 420-395 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys erroriensis Karmovskaya, 1994. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettenchelys exoria Böhlke & Smith, 1981 - exoria duckbill eel (author) [=Nettenchelys exorius Böhlke [J. E.] & Smith [D. G.], in Smith, Böhlke & Castle, 1981:556, Figs. 8D, 12] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 6158] Florida, U.S.A., 29°41'N, 80°11'W, depth 347 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys exoria Böhlke & Smith, 1981. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettenchelys gephyra Castle & Smith, 1981 - Bulari duckbill eel (author) [=Nettenchelys gephyra Castle [P. H. J.] & Smith [D. G.], in Smith, Böhlke & Castle, 1981:553, Figs. 8B, 11] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 6158] Bulari Pass, New Caledonia [Grande Terre, Procince Sud, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Coral Sea, southwestern Pacific], depth 400 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys gephyra Castle & Smith, 1981. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines, New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettenchelys inion Smith & Böhlke, in Smith et al., 1981 - Bimini duckbill eel (author) [=Nettenchelys inion Smith [D. G.] & Böhlke [J. E.], in Smith, Böhlke & Castle, 1981:555, Fig. 8C] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 6158] Florida Straits, south of Bimini, Bahamas, 25°36'N, 79°21'W, depth 458-531 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys inion Smith & Böhlke, 1981. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettenchelys paxtoni Karmovskaya, 1999 - Pomgo duckbill eel (author) [=Nettenchelys paxtoni Karmovskaya [E. S.], 1999:833 [795], Fig. 1] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 39 (no. 6); ref. 24844] Pomgo Point Villa, Efate Island, the Vanuatu, 17°46'S, 168°15'W (stomach content of a sea snake [AMS 345400]). Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys paxtoni Karmovskaya, 1999. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettenchelys proxima Smith et al., in Smith et al., 2015 - proxima duckbill eel (author) [=Nettenchelys proxima Smith [D. G.], Lin [J.] & Chen [H.-M.], in Smith et al., 2015:114, Figs. 1a, 5-7] Notes: [Zootaxa 4060 (no. 1); ref. 34125] Donggang, Pingtung, Taiwan, 22°12'57"N, 120°26'21"E, depth 300 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys proxima Smith, Lin & Chen, 2015. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Taiwan and Philippines (?). Habitat: marine.

Species Nettenchelys pygmaea Smith & Böhlke, 1981 - pygmy duckbill eel (author) [=Nettenchelys pygmaeus Smith [D. G.] & Böhlke [J. E.], in Smith, Böhlke & Castle, 1981:551, Figs. 8A, 10] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 6158] Gulf of Mexico, 29°52'N, 87°06.5'W, depth 128 meters. Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys pygmaea Smith & Böhlke, 1981. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Nettenchelys taylori Alcock, 1898 - Laccadive duckbill eel (author) [=Nettenchelys taylori Alcock [A. W.], 1898:150] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 2 (no. 8); ref. 92] Laccadive Sea, off Travancore coast, India, 7°17'30"N, 76°54'30"E, depth 430 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Nettenchelys taylori Alcock, 1898. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine. GENUS Saurenchelys Peters, 1864 - duckbill eels [=Saurenchelys Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1864:397, Dietrichthys (subgenus of Chlopsis) Whitley [G. P.], 1935:219] Notes: [ref. 3437]. Fem. Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters, 1864. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Saurenchelys Peters, 1864 -- (Blache et al. 1973:237 [ref. 7185], Smith & Castle 1982:19 [ref. 5453], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:564 [ref. 13676], Paxton et al. 1989:114 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:590 [ref. 13285], Klausewitz 1994:446 [ref. 23563], Smith 1999:1689 [ref. 24661], Klausewitz & Zajonz 2000:343 [ref. 25118], Smith 2003:752 [ref. 26989], Paxton et al. 2006:299 [ref. 28995], Zhang et al. 2010:303 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys Peters, 1864. Nettastomatidae. (Dietrichthys) [ref. 4683]. Masc. Chlopsis (Dietrichthys) finitimus Whitley, 1935. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Saurenchelys Peters, 1864 -- (Smith 1989:590 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Saurenchelys Peters, 1864. Nettastomatidae.

Species Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters, 1864 - slender sorcerer [=Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1864:397] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preuss[ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1864; ref. 3437] Probably Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters, 1864. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic; Mediterranean Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys cognita Smith, 1989 - longface eel [=Saurenchelys cognita Smith [D. G.], 1989:593, Fig. 632] Notes: [Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem. 1 (part 9); ref. 13285] Southeast of Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A., 29°50'N, 86°30'W, Oregon station 944, depth 92 meters. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys cognita Smith, 1989. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. Species Saurenchelys elongata (Kotthaus, 1968) - elongate duckbill eel (author) [=Nettastoma elongatum Kotthaus [A.], 1968:25, Figs. 116-118, 151] Notes: [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 3; ref. 2669] Indian Ocean, 12°25'N, 43°28.8'E to 12°22.7'N, 43°29.2'E, depth 185 meters. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys elongata (Kotthaus, 1968). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys fierasfer (Jordan & Snyder, 1901) - blacktail duckbill eel [=Chlopsis fierasfer Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1901:860, Fig. 10] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1239); ref. 2508] Wakanoura, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, Inland Sea. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys fierasfer (Jordan & Snyder, 1901). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys finitimus (Whitley, 1935) - [=Chlopsis (Dietrichthys) finitimus Whitley [G. P.], 1935:220, Figs. 3-3a] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 4); ref. 4683] Whitsunday Passage, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys finitimus (Whitley, 1935). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys gigas Lin et al., in Lin et al., 2015 - gigas duckbill eel (author) [=Saurenchelys gigas Lin [J.], Smith [D. G.] & Shao [K.-T.], in Lin et al., 2015:122, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 4060 (no. 1); ref. 34126] Daxi, Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, depth ca. 100-200 meters. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys gigas Lin, Smith & Shao, 2015. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys halimyon van Utrecht, 1983 - halimyon duckbill eel (author) [=Saurenchelys halimyon van Utrecht [W. L.], 1983:227, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 53 (no. 2); ref. 8268] Mid-Atlantic, 34°14.4'N, 31°31.6'W, station 20, depth 40-110 meters. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys halimyon van Utrecht, 1983. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys lateromaculata (D'Ancona, 1928) - Massawa witch eel (author) [=Leptocephalus lateromaculatus D'Ancona [U.], 1928:56, Pl. 4 (figs. 13-15a)] Notes: [Memoria, Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys lateromaculata (D'Ancona, 1928). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys meteori Klausewitz & Zajonz, 2000 - Meteor witch eel (author) [=Saurenchelys meteori Klausewitz [W.] & Zajonz [U.], 2000:339, Figs. 1-8] Notes: [Fauna of Arabia v. 18; ref. 25118] Western central Red Sea, 19°25.5'N, 38°31.2'E - 19°24.3'N, 38°30.9'E, Meteor station M5-193, depth 696-705 meters. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys meteori Klausewitz & Zajonz, 2000. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys petersi Day, 1878 - Day's duckbill eel (author) [=Saurenchelys petersi Day [F.], 1878:663, Pl. 168 (fig. 6)] Notes: [The fishes of India Part 4; ref. 4887] Sea of Orissa, India. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys petersi Day, 1878. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys stylura (Lea, 1913) - pillar wire eel [=Leptocephalus stylurus Lea [E.], 1913:36, Figs. 28-31; Pl. 5 (no. 3)] Notes: [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 3 (pt 1, no. 7); ref. 14158] North Atlantic, 26°03'N, 15°00'W, station 39, depth 150 meters. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys stylura (Lea, 1913). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Nearly circumglobal in warm seas, including Hawaiian Islands, but not eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Saurenchelys taiwanensis Karmovskaya, 2004 - Luzon duckbill eel (author) [=Saurenchelys taiwanensis Karmovskaya [E. S.], 2004:S27, Fig. 14] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 44 (Suppl. 1); ref. 28053] Philippines, 14°50'N, 120°20'E, depth 1800-1950 meters. Current status: Valid as Saurenchelys taiwanensis Karmovskaya, 2004. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: South China Sea, near Luzon Island, Philippines. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Jordan & Davis, 1891 - duckbill eels [=Venefica Jordan [D. S.] & Davis [B. M.], 1891:651] Notes: [ref. 2437]. Fem. Nettastoma procerum Goode & Bean, 1883. Type by original designation. •Valid as Venefica Jordan & Davis, 1891 -- (Blache et al. 1973:237 [ref. 7185], Karrer 1982:66 [ref. 5679], Smith & Castle 1982:41 [ref. 5453], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:565 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:191 [ref. 5644], Smith 1989:609 [ref. 13285], Smith 1999:1689 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:753 [ref. 26989], Fricke et al. 2009:21 [ref. 30213], Melo et al. 2009:11 [ref. 30460]). Current status: Valid as Venefica Jordan & Davis, 1891. Nettastomatidae.

Species Venefica multiporosa Karrer, 1983 - Malagasy duckbill eel (author) [=Venefica multiporosa Karrer [C.], 1983:66, Figs. 20 A-B] Notes: [Faune Tropicale v. 23 (for 1982); ref. 5679] Continental slope northwest of Madagascar, 13°45.6'S, 47°34.2'E, depth 1250-1300 meters. Current status: Valid as Venefica multiporosa Karrer, 1983. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Venefica ocella Garman, 1899 - ocella venefica (author) [=Venefica ocella Garman [S.], 1899:318, Pl. 61 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Eastern Pacific, 5°30'N, 86°45'W, Albatross station 3366, depth 1067 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Venefica ocella Garman, 1899. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Venefica proboscidea (Vaillant, 1888) - whipsnout sorcerer [=Nettastoma proboscideum Vaillant [L. L.], 1888:84, Pl. 7 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman"; ref. 4496] Off Coast of Morocco [eastern Atlantic], 30°08'N, 11°42'W, depth 2200 meters. Current status: Valid as Venefica proboscidea (Vaillant, 1888). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical to temperate seas (including Mascarenes). Habitat: marine.

Species (Goode & Bean, 1883) - procera venefica (author) [=Venefica procerum Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.], 1883:224] Notes: [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 10 (no. 5); ref. 1838] North Atlantic, 33°35'20"-34°00'30"N, 76°-76°10'30", depth 178-647 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Venefica procera (Goode & Bean, 1883). Nettastomatidae. Distribution: North Atlantic; possibly Brazil. Habitat: marine.

Species Venefica tentaculata Garman, 1899 - Albatross venefica (author) [=Venefica tentaculata Garman [S.], 1899:319, Pl. M (figs. 2-2a)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Albatross station 3363, 3364, 3371 and 3418, depth 660-902 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Venefica tentaculata Garman, 1899. Nettastomatidae. Distribution: Eastern and western Pacific. Habitat: marine ***************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

Hoplunnis africanus Regan [C. T.] 1915:126 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 15 (no. 85); ref. 15006] Possibly a misprint for the species named punctatus by Regan on the same page. •Name only, not available -- (Lane & Stewart 1968:53 [ref. 7904]). Current status: Unknown. Nettastomatidae.