Bijdragen tol de Dierkunde, 53 (2): 227-232 — 1983
Saurenchelys halimyon, a new species of nettastomid eel,
with comments on Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters, 1864,
and a preliminary list of larval and metamorphosed
Anguilliformes caught in the mid North Atlantic
by
W.L. van Utrecht
Institute of Taxonomie Zoology (Zoologisch Museum), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 20125,
1000 HC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Summary to Van der Spoel (1981). All animals recorded
here are in the RMT 8 net. are is caught They A new species of nettastomid eel, Saurenchelys halimyon, in the collections of the described and figured. The leptocephalus of Saurenchelys kept Zoölogisch Amsterdam cancrivora Peters, 1864, is redescribed; noresemblance was Museum, (ZMA). found to the leptocephalus of Facciolella (Fac- nettastomid physonema A new species of eel, Saurenchelys ciola, 1914) as was supposed by Blache (1977). Fourteen was It is described and halimyon, caught. figured species are listed of larval and metamorphosed here, after comparison with all available data of Anguilliformes caught in April 1980 in the mid North the related 1864. Atlantic. closely S. cancrivora Peters,
Résumé Saurenchelys halimyon nov. spec.
(Figs. 1-2) Une espèce nouvelle d’Anguilles de la famille des Net-
décrite tastomatidae, est et figurée. Material. — total ZMA Saurenchelys halimyon, Holotype, length (TL)183.5 mm,
La larve de S. cancrivora leptocéphale Peters, 1864, est 118.791, mid Atlantic Ocean, type-locality 35°14.4'N
il de le redécrite; n’y a pas ressemblance avec leptocéphale 31°31.6'W, station 20, haul 12, caught between de Facciolella l’avait physonema (Facciola, 1914), comme 04.21-05.22 h at a depth between 40 and 110 m, supposé Blache (1977). On donne une liste de 14 espèces 26-IV-1980. d’Anguilliformes (larves ou exemplaires métamorphosés) capturées en avril 1980 dans la partie centrale de l’Atlanti- — The shows all Diagnosis. new species Nord. que characteristics of the Nettastomatidae, it has
features in with many common Saurenchelys can-
INTRODUCTION crivora Peters, 1864, but it is much longer and
has number of a greater myomeres.
During the Amsterdam Mid North Atlantic
* Plankton Expedition with the Dutch Royal Description. — Body in fresh condition nearly
research vessel "H. M. from About Navy Tydeman", completely transparent. 273 myomeres,
11 2 taken the caudal in tail April up to May 1980, samples were extreme ones the pointed are with the combined Midwater difficult to 73 Rectangular discern; preanal myomeres.
Trawl 1 at between Distance from of 59.5 (RMT + 8) depths varying tip snout to anus: mm;
30 and 1200 These taken of half m m. samples were height body at of total length: 7.8 mm; between 55°N and 24°N, along the 30°W length of head, from tip of snout to posterior
station of longitude. For a complete list including end occiput: 11.04 mm; length of protruding technical and referred of first hydrological data, one is part snout, two teeth inclusive: 0.56
of nasal 3.52 mm; length capsule: mm (anterior * AMNAPE, Project 101 A, Report no. 13, supported by and posterior nostril included). Distance be- a grant of the Netherlands Ministry of Education and tween posterior nostril and anterior of Sciences, N.Z.R. (Report no. 12 appeared in Beaufortia, margin
33 1.36 (6): 73-96). eye: mm. 228 W. L. VAN UTRECHT - A NEW NETTASTOMID EEL
end of the nasal is close smaller the medulla The anterior capsule spot more caudally on
to the tip of the snout, at a shorter distance than oblongata.
in S. of cancrivora. In the present specimen the Along the ventral margin the body, brown
is in a the intestine snout bulging, ending pronounced tip, pigment spots are present on up to
from the of the the clearly separated rest snout (fig. anus. Deeper pigment spots are present
each the chorda. 10th to 1). The nasal capsules are separated from along They are at every 15th other. anterior nostril is The slightly tubular; myomere. the nostril is oval Intestine with the anterior posterior an pore. two dilatations,
Length of upper jaw: 6.16 mm; length of one between myomeres 10 and 14, the posterior
Five between lower jaw: 5.36 mm. pores are present one myomeres 69 and 72.
the dorsal of the above the The fins small and along margin snout pectoral are pointed nasal capsule, and four along the margin of the (triangular). The caudal fin is pointed, contain-
A of five is six three each The dorsal upper jaw. row pores present along ing rays, on hypural.
fin arises far from the the lower jaw (fig. 1). not occiput, at myomere
where the first fine soft visible. The 14, rays are
anal fin arises immediately beyond the anus
with stiff relatively long rays.
— The is derived Etymology. specific name
from the Greek ÔcXtç meaning "in abundance",
and in allusion (xucjv meaning "muscle", to 1. Head of Fig. Saurenchelys halimyonn. sp. (ZMA 118.791). the numerous myomeres.
Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters, 1864
(Figs. 3-4)
Refs.: Peters, 1864: 397-399; Grassi, 1913: 162, pl. IX
figs. 26-44.
Fig. 2. Tip of snout and lower jaw of Saurenchelys halimyon
— One TL ZMA Material. specimen, 104.0 mm, n. sp. (ZMA 118.791). 118.790, mid Atlantic Ocean, 31°58.2'N 29° 54.0'W,
station 22, haul 7, caught between 00.19-02.19 h at a The first teeth in the jaw are only between upper depth 90 and 200 m, 28TV-1980. slightly bent and point nearly straight forward, the snout is straight (fig. 2). This is different Description. — Body in fresh condition nearly
S. Number of compared to cancrivora, which species has completely transparent. myomeres snout and first teeth bent downward. The teeth 247, of which 68 preanal. Distance from tip of
small rather uniform 34.9 of half are relatively and in shape snout to anus: mm. Height body at and for the frontal which of total 3.2 of head from size, except teeth, are length: mm. Length tip longer. Dental formula: of snout, first teeth included, to posterior end of
2 - 20 occiput: 7.8 mm. Length of snout from tip to
1 - 15 ' of nasal 1.76 This anterior border capsule: mm.
1.52 in with is S. hali- Eye round, mm diameter, considerably longer as compared to
the dorsal of its described above. silvery pigmented iris, quart myon
covered with black nasal margin a pigmented cap. Length of capsule, including oval
Brown Distance between pigment present at basis of tip of snout posterior nostril: 1.92 mm.
basis of "nose". Two of nasal and along bulging deep pig- posterior margin capsule eye: 0.44
in the of the The is whereas the ment spots are present area brain, mm. snout not bulging, tip
anterior the and and the first teeth bent downward a larger spot on cerebellum, a two are (figs. - 229 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 53 (2) 1983
The nasal close to each other fine soft The anal fin is 3, 4). capsules are rays are present. sup-
another in the midline which somewhat and partly touching one ported by fine soft rays are
and in the of the tail of the last of the snout. The anterior posterior nostrils more developed part
oval of which the first is within 20 The tail is with six are pores, one myomeres. pointed rays,
three each The median the contour of the nasal capsule. on hypural. two rays are
of Length of upper jaw: 4.64 mm; length longest.
The animal fits in with lower jaw: 3.5 mm. No pores are present on present completely
Grassi snout and lower jaw. the descriptions and figures given by
The small and rather uniform in with those Blache teeth are (1913), however, not given by size. Dental formula: (1977).
2-14.
1-15 Remarks. — Within the family Net-
The confusion exists about Diameter of the round eyes: 1.04 mm. tastomatidae some iris is covered by brown chromatophores. The Saurenchelys cancrivora. Peters has given the first
in 1864. The head is unpigmented, except for two small description of this species type-
the blackish brown pigment spots on specimen, in bad condition (Grassi, 1913) was cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. On the deposited in the Berlin Museum. The probable
is small brown whereas four Peters the vomer a light spot, type-locality given by (1864) was black in around the Mediterranean the Atlantic Ocean. Accord- spots are arranged a square or heart. ing to Blache et al. (1973) the type-specimen is
lost.
extensive Grassi (1913, 1914) gives an
description of the leptocephalus of this species
animals and its development, based on caught
in the Strait of Messina. D'Ancona (1931)
repeats this description. Sanzo (1938) gives a
of the and description of the development eggs Fig. 3. Head of Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters, 1864 (ZMA early development of the leptocephalus of S. 118.790). of cancrivora, based on material from the Strait
Messina and the Gulfof Napels. These descrip-
with each other with tions and figures agree
the features of S. cancrivora. respect to typical
The most characteristic features of this
the 238-246 of which species are myomeres,
4. of and lower of cancrivora Fig. Tip snout jaw Saurenchelys 61-66 preanal, the difference in length between 1864 (ZMA 118.790). Peters, lower the of the the upper and jaw, bent form
tip of the snout, which is accentuated by the
Along the ventral margin of the body, small downward bent form of the first two teeth, and
the intestine. the nasal which touch each other in the pigment spots are present on capsules
There the middle and little above the are no deep pigment spots along are bulging a con- chorda. tour of the snout (see fig. 3)
Intestine features with two rather inconspicuous These typical are completely
Blache dilatations, the first one between myomeres 16 neglected by (1977). The leptocephalus
considered him S. cancrivora and 22, the second one further caudal. by as misses all
Pectoral fins small and pointed triangularly. characteristic features of the head and snout of
The dorsal fin S. cancrivora Grassi The animal begins at myomere 7, being only sensu (1913).
skin fold the caudal of the described Blache has rather short a up to part body. by (1977) a
of the blunt the lower is Here, from myomere 227 to the tip tail, snout, jaw slightly longer 230 W. L. VAN UTRECHT - A NEW NETTASTOMID EEL
than the and the nasal is upper jaw, capsule LARVAL AND METAMORPHOSED ANGUILLI-
IN THE MID NORTH ATLAN- well below the dorsal contour of the snout. FORMES CAUGHT
TIC Blache (1977) related the leptocephalus of S. cancrivora 1913 and Sauren- mentioned 30°W for Grassi, Leptocephalus Most stations are at or close to except
the stations 15-20 which are of the Azores. chelydis cancrivorae Lea, 1913, to the lep- west tocephalus of Facciolella physonema (Facciola, EURYPHARYNGIDAE 1914). Castle (1969) does not mention F.
his index and of physonema at all in bibliography Leptocephaluspseudolatissimus Bertin, 1936b.
Refs.: Lea, 1913; 1938; 1959; eel larvae. Moreover, this animal is different Bertin, Bauchot, Orton, 1963. from S. cancrivora sensu Grassi, 1913, in the haul Station 22; 7; 28-IV-1980; 00.19-02.19 h; 90-200 m; shape of its head and in particular of its snout 31°58.2' N 29°54.0'W (ZMA 118.768, 1 specimen, TL The also Saldanha & Blache, 1968). (see = 23.9 mm). specimen described by Blache (1977) is in-
ANGUILLIDAE complete. Still, he mentions the total number of vertebrae be which is somewhat to 240-250, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758).
the number of in S. higher than myomeres can- Refs.: Castle, 1969; Vladikov & March, 1975.
Station haul 18-IV-1980; 16.33-17.33 h; 205-300 crivora. Blache (1977) states: "Cependant, alors 14; 2; m; 45°07.6'N 29°54.3'W (ZMA 118.785, 2 specimens, TL Grassi dénombre 238-246 dont que myomères
= 64.3 67.4 mm, mm). 60-66 Lea 249 dont 48 préanaux, indique haul 00.07-01.47 85-200 Station 14; 8; 19-IV-1980; h; m;
Lea est donc en accord avec notre préanaux; 45°21.8'N 29°46.4'W (ZMA 118.786 , 1 specimen, TL alors propre observation, que nous ne nous ex- = 67.4 mm).
le de Grassi". Station 16; haul 1; 20-IV-1980; 08.29-09.29 h; 90-200 m; pliquons pas divergence 41°56.4'N 35°00.7'W (ZMA 118.787, 1 specimen, TL Leptocephalus Saurenchelydis cancrivorae is = 58 mm). described by Lea (1913: 31, fig. 32, pl. V fig. Station 17; haul 1; 21-IV-1980; 01.55-03.52 h; 45-95 m; the of its head, and the 4). By shape by presence 41 °01,4'N 35°31.3'W (ZMA 118.788, 40 specimens, TL the and lower this of pores along upper jaw, = 50-69 mm). animal shows much resemblance to S. halimyon
it is much shorter and has SERRIVOMERIDAE n. sp., though a lower number of 92 myomeres (total length Serrivomer parabeani Bertin, 1940 of which 48 The mm, 249 myomeres, preanal). The data for this species have been discussed previously
of the of L. Utrecht, shapes snouts Saurenchelydis can- (Van 1982). crivorae and S. halimyon show much resemblance, Roule Serrivomer brevidentatus & Bertin, 1929. although in the former animal the tip is absent, Refs.: Roule & Bertin, 1929; Beebe & Crane, 1936; due to probably damage. Bauchot, 1959; Castle, 1969. The differences mentioned above between F. Station 25; haul 1; 29-IV-1980; 16.00-17.56 h; 490-1000
and 28°42.0'N 29°59.1'W 118.755, 2 physonema S. cancrivora sensu Grassi, 1913, m; (ZMA specimens,
TL = 63.5 mm, 65 mm). are such that there are no grounds to consider S. Station 26; haul 1; l-V-1980; 07.17-08.42 h; 200-450 m; cancrivora or L. Saurenchelydis cancrivorae on the 24°57.9'N 29°59.1 'W (ZMA 118.760, 1 specimen, TL and the one hand, F. physonema on other, as one = 115 mm). and the same within the Net- Station haul 475-1000 species family 27; 10; 2-V-1980; 12.18-14.43h; m; tastomatidae. Our of S. 24°48.6'N 28°47.2'W 118.754, 1 TL above description can- (ZMA specimen,
= 81 mm). crivora (ZMA 118.790) and the descriptions given by Grassi (1913) and Lea (1913) refute NEMICHTHYIDAE the relation with F. physonema as supposed by No measurements for the Blache (1977). Moreover, the leptocephalus are given Nemichthyidae, as
these are unreliable due to their delicate jaws and tails Blache S. cancrivora described by as (1977: which are readily damaged. relation 176-180, fig. 61) shows no with the
described specimen above, nor with the descrip- Nemichrhys scolopaceus Richardson, 1848 tions of Grassi (1913, 1914) either. Refs.: Beebe & Crane, 1937; Nielsen & Smith, 1978 - 231 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 53 (2) 1983
haul 13.05-15.05 490-1000 Station haul 13.49-14.49 50-110 Station 16; 3; 20-IV-1980; h; 19; 19; 24-IV-1980; h; m;
41°47.8'N 35°02.8'W m; (ZMA 118.773, 1 specimen). 37°53.7'N 35°17.7'W (ZMA 118.789, 2 specimens, TL
Station haul 21-IV-1980; 01.55-03.52 h; 45-95 24.5 30.9 17; 1; = m; mm, mm).
' 41°01,4'N 35°31 .3 W (ZMA 118.772, 118.766, 2
specimens). Saurenchelys cancrivora Peters, 1864
Refs.: 1969. Station 19; haul 1; 23-IV-1980; 05.30-06.30 h; 190-320 m; Peters, 1864; Grassi, 1913; Castle,
00.19-02.19 90-200 38°00.6'N 35°29.7'W (ZMA 118.764, 1 specimen). Station 22; haul 7; 28-IV-1980; h; m; 1 TL Station 20; haul 1; 25-IV-1980; 13.54-15.13 h; 505-870 m; 31°58.2'N 29°54.0'W (ZMA 118.790, specimen,
35°27.2'N 31°51.6'W (ZMA 118.761, 1 specimen). = 104 mm).
Station 20; haul 3; 25-IV-1980; 17.41-19.15 h; 770-1250
Saurenchelys halimyon n. sp. m; 35°22.7'N 31°44.9'W (ZMA 118.771, 1 specimen).
Station20; haul 12; 26-IV-1980; 04.21-05.22 h; 40-110 m; Station24; haul 3; 29-IV-1980; 05.00-07.00 h; 200-300 m; 35°14.4'N 31°31.6'W 118.791, 1 specimen, TL 29°44.0'N 29°57.7'W (ZMA 118.775, 1 specimen). (ZMA
= 183.5 mm).
Nemichthys curvirostris (Strömman, 1896). ? NETTASTOMATIDAE Refs.: Beebe & Crane, 1937; Nielsen & Smith, 1978.
Station 16; haul 2; 20-IV-1980; 10.51-11.51 h; 285-400 m; Leptocephalus dolichorhynchus Lea, 1913. 41°51.8'N 35°02.4'W (ZMA 118.758, 1 specimen). Reh.: Lea, 1913; Castle, 1969. Station haul 03.04-04.56 45-100 22; 9; 28-IV-1980; h; m; Station 22; haul 7; 28-IV-1980; 00.19-02.19 h; 90-200 m; 31°55.9'N 29°52.2'W (ZMA 118.756, 1 specimen, 31°58.2'N 29°54.0'W (ZMA 118.792, 1 specimen, TL damaged). = 44.9 mm). haul Station 24; 2; 29-IV-1980; 03.05-04.04 h; 110-205 m; Station 24; haul 3; 29-IV-1980; 05.00-07.00 h; 200-300 m; 29°48.1'N 29°57.5'W (ZMA 118.776, 1 specimen). 29°44.0'N 29°57.7'W (ZMA 118.759, 1 specimen, TL Station 25; haul 6; 29/30-IV-1980; 23.32-00.32 h; 195-300 = 48.2 mm).
m; 28°27.2'N 29°56.5'W (ZMA 118.763, 1 specimen).
DERICHTHYIDAE
1848. Nemichthys sp. Richardson,
1884. Refs.: Beebe & Crane, 1937; Castle, 1964, 1965, 1966; Derichthys serpentinus Gill,
Ref.: Beebe, 1935. Nielsen & Smith, 1978. Station 14; haul 8; 00.07-01.47 85-200 Station 25; haul 1; 29-IV-1980; 16.00-17.56 h; 490-1000 19-IV-1980; h; m;
45°21.8'N 29°46.4'W 118.752, 1 TL m; 28°27.2'N 29°59.1'W (ZMA 118.751, 1 postlarva). (ZMA specimen,
Station 25; haul 1; 29-IV-1980; 16.00-17.56 h; 490-1000 = 126.5 mm).
Station 17; haul 2; 21-IV-1980; 04.48-05.48 330-505 m; 28°27.2'N 29°59.1'W (ZMA 118.753, 1 postlarva). h; m;
41°10.6'N 35°30.9'W (ZMA 118.757, 1 specimen, TL
Gill 1883. = 156.5 Labichthys sp. & Ryder, mm).
Ref.: Nielsen & Smith, 1978.
Station 20; haul 3; 25-IV-1980; 17.41-19.15 770-1250 h; NESSORHAMPHIDAE m; 35°22.7'N 31°44.9'W (ZMA 118.770, 1 specimen). Nessorhamphus ingolfianus (Schmidt, 1912).
Ref.: Beebe, 1935. CYEMIDAE
Station 13; haul 9; 17-IV-1980; 08.29-10.07 h; 480-1000
Cyema atrum Günther, 1878. 49°00.8'N 29°18.5'W m; (ZMA 118.774, 1 specimen,
Refs.: Roule & Lea, 1913; Bertin, 1936a, 1937; Bertin, TL = 251 mm).
1929; Castle, 1964, 1969. Station 20; haul 3; 25-IV-1980; 17.41-19.15 h; 770-1250
Station haul 21.35-23.35 195-300 m; 'N 22; 6; 27-IV-1980; h; m; 35°22.7 31°44.9'W (ZMA 118.767, 1 specimen,
l 'N 1 TL 32°04. 29°54.0'W (ZMA 118.769, specimen, TL = 135 mm).
= 36.7 mm). Station 22; haul 7; 28-IV-1980; 00.19-02.19 h; 90-200 m; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 31°58.2'N 29°54.0'W (ZMA 118.762, 1 specimen, TL
= 34.2 mm). The author is Dr. H. and Prof. very grateful to Nijssen
Station 23; haul 2; 28-IV-1980; 13.15-15.18 h; 505-960 m; Dr. S. van der Spoel for critically reading the manuscript, 30°39.9'N 29°59.5'W (ZMA 118.765, 1 specimen, TL and to Mr. J. J. Zaagman for preparing the drawings. = 42.4 mm).
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Received: 8 April 1983