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A Descriptive Catalogue of the Deep-Sea Fishes in the Indian Museum

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A Descriptive Catalogue of the Deep-Sea Fishes in the Indian Museum c }.^ _ij: 4-CU ^^C €i^ "?ri ir_ «r r?r r^rr era Cir - - - ( 'S£il ; flT <M ijG r re f^m r ^'^ <^(«< LlX S ^iT"- Jcr, JUi .?f r f^/--. fLJL'<^^ <^« ^H"-^ ^/w :1S^ 7^ DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF TITK INDIAN DEEP-SEA FISHES IN TUK INDIAN MUSEUM. r.KINC K KKVISEIi AtTQUNT (IF THK nEKF-SKA FISHKS Cdl.ljEC'IKD I'.Y IHK llOYAL INDIAN MARINE SURVEY SHIi' INVESTIGATOR y4< A. ALCOCK, M.B.. C.M.Z.S., F.G.S., Wl IM.UN JiBniCAr. SBHVIC,K,-;SUt'Rl(TNrENnR>!T OK THE INDIAN MUSEUM AND VROPHSSOR OV Z0OI,fM;V IX IHF Vj^^ MEMCAP, (30r/E,EaK, CALCUTTA; KOKMKIil.V NATURAMST TO THK MARINE SURVEY OF INHIA. t^S?,^ -^ J ha. CALCUTTA: PRINIKP !',V (iRUl'.R OK THK TRTSTKHS OK ITIK INOIA.X \U-s|:r\I. Q 1899. Price Five Rupees. hsLe s ^ DESCRIPTIYE CATALOGUE OF THE INDIAN DEEP-SEA FISHES IX THE INDIAN MUSEUM/ / BEING A EEVISED ACCOUNT OP THE DEEP-SEA FISHES COI.LKCTED liY THE KOYAL INDIAN MARINE SURVEY SHIP ^ INVESTIGATOR BY A. ALCOCK, M.B., C.M.Z.S., F.G.S., INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE, SDPEEINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEnjI AND PROFESSOR OP ZOOLOGY IN THE MEDICAL COLLEGE, CALCUTTA; FORMERLY NATURALIST TO THE MARINE SURVEY OP INDIA. CALCUTTA: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF TIIF. INDIAN MUSEUM. 1899. Price Five Rupees. CALCUTTA : — BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. Pkepace. The following extract from the Prefatory Note to the Account of the Deep Sea Madreporaria collected by the B, I. M. S. Investigator will serve to explain how the collection of Deep-Sea Fishes described in the present volume came to be made and to be presented to the Indian Museum. "In the year 1871 tbe Council of the Asiatic Society of Bengal appointed Dr. T. Oldham, Dr. F. Stoliczka and Mr. J. Wood-Mason to form a .sub-committee to report upon the desir- ability of moving the Government of India to undertake deep-sea dredging in Indian waters. " The sub-committee drew up an elaborate Memoir on the .subject, in which definite pro- posals for deep-sea dredging were embodied : this Memoir was submitted to Government, and a copy of it along with a copy of the letter with which it was forwarded, is published iu the Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for 1871. " The Government received the proposals of the Council of the Asiatic Society with cordial approval : it gave a small grant-in-aid of carrying them into immediate eHect, and when, in 1874, the present Marine Survey Department was established, it sanctioned the appointment, upon the staff of the Survey, of a Surgeon-Naturalist—an appointment that had also been strongly advocated by the organizer and first head of the Department, Commander Dundas Taylor, I, N. " But in the early days of the Survey (1874-1881) neither machinery nor vessels capable of deep-sea research were available, so that Surgeon (now Lieutenant-Colonel) J. Armstrong, I. M.S., the first Surgeon-Naturalist of the Department, had to report that it was "quite impos- sible to carry into execution tlie scheme of deep-sea dredging originally proposed by the Council of the Asiatic Society of Bengal," and had to confine himself to the Zoology of the shallow- water and littoral, although he did occasionally manage to dredge in water as deep as 100 fathoms. " However, in 1876, when it had been decided to construct a special vessel for the accom- modation of the Marine Survey, the Council of the Asiatic Society again addressed the Gov- ernment of India, and asked that provision for deep-sea dredging might not be forgotten iu the plans for the new vessel. In reply the Government authorized the Council of the Society to confer with the Dockyard authorities on the subject of such equipment. " The Council thereupon appointed a sub-committee, consisting of Dr. .John Anderson, then Superintendent of the Indian Museum, and Messrs. J. Wood-Mason (then Deputy Superin- tendent of the Indian Museum), W. T. Blanford, H. F. Blatiford, and H. B. Medlicott, for the purpose of advising the Dockyard authorities in this direction. " The result of this and otJier measui'es was that when, in 1881, the new vesseX Investiijatnr was ready for sea, she was properly provided with the means of undertaking deep-sea research as opportunity should occur. " Before this, however. Dr. Armstrong had left the Survey, and it was not until the end of the year 1884, when Commander A. Carpenter, R. N., was appointed to the command of the ' Investigator,' and Surgeon (now Major) G. M. J. Giles, I. M.S., to the post of Surgeon- Naturalist, that deep-sea dredging became a recognized, if subordinate, branch of the ship's loutiiie. iLUS^o — 11 ' accumulat- "Since 1885 the Zoological collections rande by the Investig-ator ' have been ing' yenr by year in the Indian Museum, where, in accordance with the recommendations of the Council of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, they have been deposited. "It must not, however, be supposed that deep-sea dredging occupies a very large part of the attention of the officers of the Survey ; since, as a rule, it is only possible when the ship is proceeding to and returning from her systematic surveys of tlie shores and shallows. It is nirely indeed that as many as twenty deep-sea hauls are made in one year. " From October 1888, when regular records began to be kept, up to the present time, 118 more or less successful hauls have been made in depths of over a hundred fathoms (100-1997 tins.). " ' As regards the Investigator ' herself, she is a paddle-steamer of 680 tons, and for a few facts as to her liistory and equipment I may refer to a paper in the Scientific Memoirs of the Medical Officers of the Army nf India for 1898." "With regard to the contents of the present vohime on the Deep-Sea Fishes, I may state that the species not here described for the first time have ah'eady been noticed in the following papers : JouEN. As. See. Bengal: Vol. LVIII. pt. 2, 1889, pp. 279-295, pi. xvi-xviii, and pp. 296-305, pi. xxii; Vol. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, pp. 115-137, pi. vi-vii ; and Vol. LXV. pt. 2, 1896, pp. 301-338. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) IV. 1889, pp. 376-399 and 450-461 ; (6) VI. pi. viii-ix, 16-34 1890, pp. 197-222, and pp. 295-311 ; (6) VIII. 1891, pp. vii-viii xviii, and 119-138, pi. ; (6) X. 1892, pp. 345-365, pi. and pp. 207-214; (6) XVI. 1895, pp. 144-146; and (7) II. 1898, pp. 136-156. Peoc. Zool. See. 1891, pp. 226-227. All but four of the new species described in the above-cited papers have been figured in the Illusteations of the Zoology of the K. I, M. S. Investigator, Fishes, pis. I-XXVI (and XXVII-XXXV in the press). As it is intended that those plates should be bound up with the present Catalogue, together with a small a23i3endix on the Shore Fishes discovered by the Investigator, no special illustrations have been prepared for this volume. I have however added (facing page 12) a chart, compiled from plate ii of Dr. Ernst Koken's Die Vonvclt uiid ihre EnfivlclThivr/sgi'SchicJ'Jf, which is meant to elucidate the theories upheld in the Investigator Eeports as to the origin and past geographical relations of the fauna of the Indian Oligobenthus. For the opportunity of making this chart and for help in compiling it, I am jndebted to Mr, T. H. Holland of the Indian Geological Survey. To explain an apparent want of uniformity in the plan of this Catalogue, I must mention that I have intentionally omitted diagnoses of the families and genera, and of the one or two species, heretofore well known to inhabit Indian HI seas. The Catalogue is designed to meet the wants of students of the Indian fauna, and it would have been superfluous to reprint information that can be found recorded in Day's standard volumes on the Fishes of India. I cannot let this volume go out without acknowledging the essential and fundamental obligations that it owes to the Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum, to the. Introduction to the Study of Fishes, and to the Report on the Deep Sea Fishes collected by H. M. S. Challenger. In any scheme of classification the compass and standing of the various units will vary with individual opinion ; but the value and influence of a well- oi'ganized system of broad, clear, consistent generalizations must always last, and I am happy to add my tribute of regard to the author of the works in which these qualities are so conspicuously manifest. A. Alcock, Major, I. M. S., Superintendent of the Indian Museum. — INTRODUCTION?. The Fishes included in this Catalogue were all of them dredged by the R. I. M. S. " Investigator," in deep water, between the meridians of 65° and 99° B. and the parallels of 5' and 24° N., during the years 1885-1899, They number, exclusive of a few mangled remains that cannot be identified with certainty, 169 species, namely : Chondropterygii . 9 Acanthopterygii Anacanthini * Sternoptyx diaphana Hei'm. CyclotJione ehiigata (Gthr. ). Cyclothone inicrodon (Gthv.). Ghauliodtis Sloanii Bl. Schn. (Also in the Mediterranean). * Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Jolms. Platytrocies apus Gthr. * Synaphobranchus pinnatus Gronov. Uroconger vicinus Vaill.ant. ? Leptoderma macrops Vaillant. The remaining 20 are Indo -Pacific species. Very significant, to my mind, is tlie occurrence in these seas—it also occurs in Japan, where it was originally found—of Bembrojis caudimacula {=Hy])sicometes gobioides G.
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