Acknowledgments

T his puhli c1tion W8S made possible hy an Historic Preservation Ed ucarion G rant from Hisroric Landmark s Foundation of Indiana, the Indiana Hum,miries Counc il and the Narion81 Endowment for the Humanities. Durable Goods: HI5lORJC LA"ID,\NIRKS FOUNDATION OF INDIANA

Indiana Humanities Council In partnership with the National Endowment for the Humanities

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Published by:

(photo courtesy of Martin Blakley) West Central Neigh borhood Associatio n PO. Box 13151 Fort Way ne, Indiana 46867 -3151 (260) 385-9378 c C) \V IV W. wcstcentra lne ighborh ood.org w Restoring ~ < l0 ""r-­ Historic Brick ~ '-0 ...2 CX) '-0 '" -q­ ..£....c c::." 'vtJ1J -eG Streets z ~ C ARCH, Inc. l0 ~ c;~17 43 7 E. Berry Sr. t:: ...--. c: E1'l9\ Fort Wayne, Indiana 46802 ~ x ;; (260) 426 -5117 U dS:3

ARCH~ .-_....__... ._. " . w\Vw.archfw . ( ) I }~ .. , .... '''~' .... CI' 0. (.;OtTImonllY Heftlage 0 :3o..:LL~ ~ rst step towa rL1 restoring a brick street to its prop­ A nother way to get sa lvaged l)[[cks at little or no cost The Benefits er integrity is to conduct a survey of the overall condi­ is to be aware of utility work be ing do ne o n concrete tions of the street, curbs and guttering. It may be that o r asphalt streets. Sometimes excavati on work is of more than JU St the street needs to be repa ired and a requ ired, a nd if below the paved surface is a n old brick comprehensive repair of street, the pavers wi ll be dug out a long with the rest of Restoring Brick Streets all elements needs to he the street. Don't forget, [00, that vvhen repairing a done. If a street has street, mos t of the existing pavers can be saved to be only a few patches [0 be put hack into the street. Many cities and towns across the United S tates are leveled or concrete or recogni zi ng the valuable resources they have in the ir aspha lt to be removed , historic brick streets. The streets help to define the it is easy enough to do historic character of older Area filled in with asphalt spot repairs. However, (photo by Jill Downs) neighborhoods, and their it may be the case that a durability speaks for street has so many areas to be repaired that it is better themselves. In some com­ to remove and re- Iay the entire sec tion of street. munities, ordinances have been enacted to protect It is a lso poss ible thar a bri ck the integrity of their street may have lost muc h of its original materia l due to streets and others have ill-conceived patching or its developed comprehensive historic surroundings have brick street restorati on Volunteers help to clean dis

Based upon the results of the assessment, develop a 1. Munic ipa l gm'ernment street repa ir funds Street Assessment plan for phased restoratio n, beginning with the worst o r most important street(s) first. The remain ing streets 2. Federal Tr,lnsportation Enhancement Br ick streets req uire res toration due to a few factors. should be prioritized after these. program funds Over time, the base that the bricks lay on may dete­ riorate to the puint that it can no longer support the 3. Community Development Block G rant we ight of the bricks. Financial Considerations (CDBG) funds This res ults in ,1 eol­ 4. County Econo mic Development Income lapse and appears as The initi Construction on hand. many entities including several departments, such as There are four compon ents that constitute a brick street. 3. Remove bricks from area. Pry out the first street, engineering, a nd right-of-way, within a munic­ They are: row by hand using pry bars then use a back ipal government. hoe to carefully pop out the rest. Do not cut 1. Grout - The fi nished brick surface should the bricks - leave a "toothed" edge. It is also best to consult with utilities provide rs [0 be grouted with sand or with a dry mixture determine whether any underground utilities may of sand and Portland cement in a 2: 1 ratio. 4. Scrape bricks of any caked-on dirt or n eed replacing or upgrad ing prior to restoring a brick It is brushed into place with a stiff push broom. concrere and swck them (no more than 5 street. It would be deuimental to fix the street only 2. Brick paver layer (4 inches) - A typ ical brick layers high or a [Owl of 350 bricks) on (0 have it be torn up in a few years to lay a new paver is about 8.5 in. X 3.5 in. X 4 in. About pallets, alternating the course of each layer, sewer line. 4.5 [05 bricks are n eeded to cover one square for reuse. foot of area. Volunteers cleaning Volunteers can be recruited to do many jo bs related bricks after removal to brick street restoration. T hey can help clean and from street (photo stack salvaged bri cks for future use, and they can by Jill Downs) remove, clean and stack bricks from a street to be repaired. They can also help re-lay the bri cks and brush in the grout.

5. Using a backhoe, excavate the repair area to Brick Storage a depth of one foot from the top surface of the street. This will allow room for the 6-inch Brick pavers should be stacked no more than fi ve lay­ concrete base, th e 2-inch layer of sand, and ers high (or no more than 350 bricks ) onto pall ets. (photo by Jason Swisher) the 4-inch brick layer. Reverse the course of each layer. W rap th e pallets in shrink wrap to keep the bricks from falling off the 6. Pour the concrete base (6 inches). Using a 3. Sand layer (2 inch es) pallet when being transported. If using wooden pal­ stiff garden rake or 2 x4s as screed boards, 4. Concrete base (6 inches) - Cuncrete is the lets, it is best to store the stacked brick pavers in an level the concrete to a comistent 6 inches most durable base for a brick street. indoor facility. below the top surface of the street. Let the concrete solidify before moving to the next step. Repair Process

1. Dete rmine size of aree) to be repaired. 2. Calculate n umber of bricks an d volume of sa nd and concrete n eeded for area. Application of th e concrete layer The wooden Example of "toothed"edge after structure used here is helping to assure a uni­ Cleaned. salvaged bricks stacked on a wooden palle t Remember that removing bricks form depth of concrete from the street surface (photo by Jill Downs) nut every brick (photo by Jason SWisher) (photo by Jill Downs) 7. Add the sand layer (2 inches). Using 2x4s as 10. Mist the street surface with warer ttl fini ::. h screed boards, level the sa nd with the crown nf se tr! ing the grout. Salvaged Brick Pavers the street. Compact the sand with C1 tamper llr plate compactor. Suppliers Gavin Historical Bricks (John Gavin) Iowa City, Iowa (319) 354-5251 www.historicalbricks.com

Chicago Antique Brick, Inc. Screeding of the sand layer (photo by Jason Swisher) Chicago, IL 60608

8 Add the bric k layer. T he pave rs should be laid Completed repaired brick surface (photo by Jason Swisher) (312) 666-3257 closely toge ther and wi th the raised name or lu gs [email protected] on the side-not the top () r bottom. Cut bricks www.chicagoantiquebrick.com to fit odd-sizecl spaces with a water-cooled table saw. Equipment Schloss Paving Co. Hammers Prybars Cleveland, OH 44125 Push brooms Garden Rakes (614) 416-8269 Backhoe Portable generator (614) 472-3260 (fax) Water-cooled table saw Level Brick hammer Chisels Putty knives Shovels Brick Street Consultants Pallets Wheelbarrow Royce Baier Plate compactor Tamper Brick Street Restorers Dump truck String line 440 East Pells Street Note that bricks are placed with ra ised name on the Sledgehammer Hand saw side (photo by Jason Swisher) Paxton, IL 60957 Cordless drill (217) 379-3832 9. O nce the brick surface is in place, brush in the grout, compact the surface, then brush in more grout. Continue this process until all gaps Materials Communities with between the bricks are fil led. Brick Street 2 x 4s (screed boards) Screws Restoration Experience Concrete Extra brick pavers Champaign, IL Davenport, IA Portland cement Rock Island, IL Grand Rapids, MI Sand (masonry-grade fine) Zionzville, IN LaGrange, IN Water (for cleaning tools and Downers Grove, IL Preparing to brush in the grout (photo by Jason Swisher) for watering street)