Bolesti I Štetočine U Hortikulturi

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Bolesti I Štetočine U Hortikulturi 1954 TURI BOLESTI I ŠTETOČINE UU HORTIKULHORTIKULTURITURI U HORTIKUL (DEO - ŠTETOČINE U HORTIKULTURI) Prof. dr Tatjana Kereši OČINE Prof. dr Radosav Sekulić Doc. dr Aleksandra Popović ŠTET BOLESTI I eši er K atjana T dr . of Pr 1954 1 УНИВЕРЗИТЕТ У НОВОМ САДУ ПОЉОПРИВРЕДНИ ФАКУЛТЕТ BOLESTI I ŠTETOĈINE U HORTIKULTURI (DEO - ŠTETOĈINE U HORTIKULTURI) Prof. dr Tatjana Kereši Prof. dr Radosav Sekulić Doc. dr Aleksandra Popović 1 BOLESTI I ŠTETOĈINE U HORTIKULTURI (DEO - ŠTETOĈINE U HORTIKULTURI) Prof. dr Tatjana Kereši Prof. dr Radosav Sekulić Doc. dr Aleksandra Popović UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU, POLJOPRIVREDNI FAKULTET Novi Sad, 2016. 1 EDICIJA OSNOVNI UDŢBENIK Osnivaĉ i izdavaĉ edicije Poljoprivredni fakultet Univerziteta u Novom Sadu Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8 21000 Novi Sad Godina osnivanja 1954. Glavni i odgovorni urednik edicije Dr Nedeljko Tica, redovni profesor Dekan Poljoprivrednog fakulteta Ĉlanovi komisije za izdavaĉku delatnost Dr Ljiljana Nešić, vanredni profesor – predsednik Dr Branislav Vlahović, redovni profesor – ĉlan Dr Milica Rajić, redovni profesor – ĉlan Dr Nada Plavša, vanredni profesor – ĉlan Štampanje ovog udţbenika odobrilo je Nastavno-nauĉno veće Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Novom Sadu na sednici od 09.11.2016. godine. Broj odluke 1000/0102-1190/2/10 CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Библиотека Матице српске, Нови Сад 514.18(075.8) КЕРЕШИ, Татјана Bolesti i štetoĉine u hortikulturi (deo - štetoĉine u hortikulturi) [Elektronski izvor] / Tatjana Kereši, Radosav Sekulić, Aleksandra Popović. - Novi Sad: Poljoprivredni fakultet, 2016. - (Edicija Osnovni udţbenik) Naĉin dostupa (URL): polj.uns.ac.rs/udzbenici/. - Opis zasnovan na stanju na dan: 09.11.2016. Tiraţ 20. - Bibliografija. ISBN 978-86-7520-387-2 a) Болести и штеточине у хортикултури (део - штеточине у хортикултури) COBISS.SR-ID 298272775 Autori Dr Tatjana Kereši, vanredni profesor Dr Radosav Sekulić, redovni profesor Dr Aleksandra Popović, docent Glavni i odgovorni urednik Dr Nedeljko Tica, redovni profesor Dekan Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Novom Sadu Urednik Dr Vera Stojšin, redovni profesor Direktor Departmana za fitomedicinu i zaštitu životne sredine Recenzenti Dr Radoslava Spasić, redovni profesor, Poljoprivredni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu Dr Aleksandra Konjević, docent, Poljoprivredni fakultet Univerziteta u Novom Sadu Izdavaĉ Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad Zabranjeno preštampavanje i fotokopiranje. Sva prava zadrţava izdavaĉ. Štampanje odobrila Komisija za izdavaĉku delatnost Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Novom Sadu Tiraţ 20 Mesto i godina štampanja Novi Sad, 2016. PREDGOVOR Razni štetni organizmi, meĊu kojima i štetoĉine, mogu delimiĉno ili potpuno kompromitovati proizvodnju biljaka u hortikulturi. Pošto se pod pojmom hortikultura podrazumeva proizvodnja cveća, ukrasnog ţbunja i drveća, voća i povrća, u ovom udţbeniku biće obuhvaćene ekonomski znaĉajne štetoĉine navedenih grupa biljaka. Publikacija je napisana u nameri da se studentima treće godine osnovnih studija studijskog programa Hortikultura obezbedi lakše i efikasnije savladavanje gradiva iz predmeta “Bolesti i štetoĉine u hortikulturi” (deo o štetoĉinama) i u skladu je sa akreditovanim nastavnim planom i programom Poljoprivrednog fakulteta Univerziteta u Novom Sadu. MeĊutim, opšti deo, kao i druga odgovarajuća poglavlja, mogu koristiti i studenti studijskih programa Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Voćarstvo i vinogradarstvo, Organska poljoprivreda, Agroekologija i zaštita ţivotne sredine i drugih za pripremu ispita iz predmeta ĉiji su sastavni delovi štetoĉine biljaka. TakoĊe, udţbenik moţe posluţiti i studentima Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu za sliĉne ispite na biljnim smerovima. Knjiga izlazi po prvi put, a napisana je sa ciljem da pruţi što više informacija o štetoĉinama ukrasnih i drugih hortikulturnih biljaka i njihovom suzbijanju i da reĉima i slikom pomogne, kako studentima, tako i svima koji se direktno ili indirektno bave hortikulturom (od proizvoĊaĉa na većim površinama do onih na okućnicama) i zaštitom biljaka, kao i ljubiteljima cveća i prirode uopšte. Pri pisanju udţbenika, korišćene su sliĉne publikacije iz zaštite bilja, brojni rezultati stranih i domaćih autora, kao i sopstveni rezultati i zapaţanja. Materija je obraĊena po grupama biljnih vrsta, a obuhvaćeni su preteţno insekti, mada i druge ţivotinje koje ĉine veće štete ili bi ih mogle povremeno priĉinjavati. Kod svake vrste dat je opis i ukazano je na njen znaĉaj i štetnost, naĉin ţivota, kao i mogućnosti suzbijanja. Knjiga je bogato ilustrovana crno-belim crteţima (85) i fotografijama u boji (oko 390), od kojih su oko 19% originalne (sa lokalitetom i datumom snimanja kod prvog autora i inicijalom imena i prezimenom kod drugih autora slika), dok su ostale sa interneta, iz atlasa Savescu-a (1961) i iz drugih izvora koji, zbog uštede u prostoru, nisu navedeni u tekstu. U obimnom popisu korišćene literature dati su izvori u kojima se mogu naći dodatne informacije. Autori se srdaĉno zahvaljuju recenzentima, prof. dr Radoslavi Spasić i doc. dr Aleksandri Konjević, koji su povoljno ocenili rukopis i podrţali objavljivanje ovog udţbenika. Nadamo se da će knjiga posluţiti velikom broju korisnika, a svaka dobronamerna primedba bila bi od koristi autorima za izradu narednih izdanja. Novi Sad, Oktobar, 2016. A u t o r i 1 SADRŢAJ PREDGOVOR ...............................................................................................................1 UVOD .............................................................................................................................2 1. OPŠTI POJMOVI O ŠTETOĈINAMA BILJAKA Insekti .......................................................................................................................4 1.1. Morfologija insekata .........................................................................................4 1.2. Anatomija insekata............................................................................................9 1.3. Razmnoţavanje i razviće insekata ..................................................................17 1.4. Ekologija insekata ...........................................................................................21 1.5. Masovne pojave insekata ................................................................................23 1.6. Osnovi sistematike insekata ............................................................................25 2. POLIFAGNE ŠTETOĈINE ...................................................................................39 3. ŠTETOĈINE POVRĆA .........................................................................................55 3.1. Štetoĉine kupusnjaĉa .......................................................................................55 3.2. Štetoĉine mahunarki........................................................................................61 3.3. Štetoĉine lukoviĉastog povrća ........................................................................64 3.4. Štetoĉine korenastog povrća ...........................................................................69 3.5. Štetoĉine krompira ..........................................................................................72 3.6. Štetoĉine plodovitog povrća ...........................................................................74 4. ŠTETOĈINE DRVEĆA, VOĆAKA I VINOVE LOZE ......................................81 4.1. Polifagne štetoĉine drveća i voćaka ................................................................81 4.2. Štetoĉine jabuĉastih voćaka ............................................................................86 4.3. Štetoĉine koštiĉavih voćaka ............................................................................96 4.4. Štetoĉine leske ..............................................................................................105 4.5. Štetoĉine jagodastih voćaka ..........................................................................105 4.6. Štetoĉine vinove loze ....................................................................................108 5. ŠTETOĈINE LISTOPADNOG DRVEĆA .........................................................113 5.1. Štetoĉine lipe .................................................................................................114 5.2. Štetoĉine platana ...........................................................................................116 5.3. Štetoĉine divljeg kestena...............................................................................119 5.4. Štetoĉine javora .............................................................................................120 5.5. Štetoĉine topole i vrbe ..................................................................................121 5.6. Štetoĉine hrasta .............................................................................................125 5.7. Štetoĉine bagrema .........................................................................................129 5.8. Štetoĉine breze ..............................................................................................130 6. ŠTETOĈINE ZIMZELENOG DRVEĆA ..........................................................131 6.1. Štetoĉine crnog i belog bora .........................................................................131 6.2. Štetoĉine smrĉe i jele ....................................................................................136 6.3. Štetoĉine tuje, ĉempresa, paĉempresa, kleke i tise .......................................139 i 7. ŠTETOĈINE ŢBUNJA
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