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Local Governments Supporting Local Energy Initiatives: Lessons from the Best Practices of Saerbeck (Germany) and Lochem (The Netherlands)
Sustainability 2015, 7, 1900-1931; doi:10.3390/su7021900 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article Local Governments Supporting Local Energy Initiatives: Lessons from the Best Practices of Saerbeck (Germany) and Lochem (The Netherlands) Thomas Hoppe 1,*, Antonia Graf 2, Beau Warbroek 1,3, Imke Lammers 1 and Isabella Lepping 1 1 Department of Technology and Governance for Sustainability (CSTM), Institute for Innovation and Governance Studies (IGS), Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Studies (BMS), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: [email protected] (B.W.); [email protected] (I.L.); [email protected] (I.L.) 2 Institute for Political Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Scharnhorststrasse 100, 48151 Münster, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 University Campus Fryslân (UCF), Sophialaan 1, 8911 AE Leeuwarden, The Netherlands * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-53-489-3242. Academic Editor: Tan Yigitcanlar Received: 22 December 2014 / Accepted: 3 February 2015 / Published: 11 February 2015 Abstract: The social dimension of the transition to a low carbon economy is a key challenge to cities. The establishment of local energy initiatives (LEIs) has recently been attracting attention. It is of great importance to draw lessons from best practices when LEIs have been facilitated by local governments and made a substantial contribution to greening local energy systems. The main research questions in this paper are: What lessons can be drawn from successful local low carbon energy transition cases, and which strategies proved successful to support LEIs? We have used analytical notions from the Strategic Niche Management (SNM) and grassroots innovation literature to analyze two best-practice cases: Saerbeck (Germany) and Lochem (The Netherlands). -
Paradiplomacy and the Management of the Amazon in the Brazilian Federalism
http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v17i39.1771 PARADIPLOMACY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF THE AMAZON IN THE BRAZILIAN FEDERALISM Eliana Maria de Souza Franco Teixeira1 Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Patrícia Kristiana Blagitz Cichovski2 Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ) ABSTRACT The criteria for allocating Amazon Fund’s resources have been redefined, leading donor foreign states to block the transfer of resources to that Fund. This generated much speculation and a series of economic embarrassments for Amazon state governments, as well as a malaise among Western coun- tries with regard to sustainable development. In this study, thus, we ad- dress the following problem: what are the Legal Amazon states’ options, considering the particularities of the Brazilian federalism, for keeping in- vestments and management focused on mitigating illegal deforestation and degradation, the sustainable development and the security in their Amazon territories? Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a reinterpretation of Brazilian federalism, assessing the possibilities of international action by Amazon state governments to maintain foreign investments for the purpos- es of preservation, security and sustainable development of the Brazilian Legal Amazon. The methodology used was hypothetical-deductive, and our research hypothesis was ratified. In other words, the Amazon states can exercise paradiplomacy through the Legal Amazon Consortium. Questions about this position should be dispelled when the Constitution is amended to expressly recognize the exercise of paradiplomacy. Keywords: Amazon rainforest; consortium; environment; federalism; paradiplomacy. 1 Doctoral researcher in Law from UFPA. Master in Constitutional Law from the Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA). Bachelor of Laws from UNAMA. Professor of Law Graduation at UFPA. -
Towards a Nutrient Neutral Municipality – Guide for Municipal Operators
GUIDE 1 | 2018 Towards a nutrient neutral municipality – Guide for municipal operators The purpose of the Nutrient Neutral Municipality project of the Southwest Finland ELY Centre was to develop operating models for promoting nutrient recycling in municipalities. The key results of the project are presented in this guide. Read more: http://www.ymparisto.fi/en-US/Nutrient_Neutral_Municipality GUIDE 1/2018 TOWARDS A NUTRIENT NEUTRAL MUNICIPALITY – GUIDE FOR MUNICIPAL OPERATORS Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for Southwest Finland ISBN 978-952-314-650-1 (printed) ISBN 978-952-314-651-8 (PDF) Towards a nutrient ISSN-L 2242-2846 ISSN 2242-2846 (printed) neutral municipality ISSN 2242-2854 (online publication) URN:ISBN:978-952-314-651-8 www.doria.fi/ely-keskusII | www.ely-keskus.fi Contents What is it? Have you Introduction ........................................................... 1 heard about Background .......................................................... 3 RANKU? Introduction What does nutrient neutrality in The Nutrient Neutral Municipality (RANKU) was a three-year a municipality mean? ............................................ 4 development project managed by the Centre for Economic Nutrient neutrality means ................................. 6 Development, Transport and the Environment (ELY Centre) for Southwest Finland. The project was implemented in the How to proceed towards a nutrient-neutral regions of Southwest Finland and Satakunta. The purpose municipality? ......................................................... 8 of the project was to promote the recycling and utilisation of organic nutrients and related cooperation as close to their Taking everything under control at once .......... 8 place of origin as possible and to develop a new operating Assessing nutrient flows in municipalities ...... 10 model for nutrient-neutral municipalities. The project was Steps of a nutrient-neutral municipality ......... -
2019 Nxp Corporate Sustainability Report Nxp
2019 NXP CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY REPORT SECURE CONNECTIONS FOR A SMARTER WORLD 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS A Letter From Our CEO A LETTER FROM OUR CEO 3 ENVIRONMENT 49 About This Environmental Management 50 Report ABOUT THIS REPORT 4 Climate Change 53 Energy 65 OUR BUSINESS 6 Water 70 Overview of our Company 7 Waste 74 Worldwide Locations 9 Materials 78 Our Business Design for Sustainability 10 Environmental Product Compliance 80 Risk Management and Business Continuity 12 Stakeholder Engagement 13 SUPPLIER ENGAGEMENT 83 Industry Association Engagement 15 Supplier Code of Conduct 85 Quality 16 Supply Chain Management 86 Governance, Responsible Mineral Sourcing 95 Ethics and GOVERNANCE, ETHICS AND SUSTAINABILITY 18 Sustainability Governance 19 APPENDIX 96 Ethics 22 SASB 97 Sustainability 23 UN Global Compact 108 UN Sustainable Development Goals 26 GRI Index 109 Employees EMPLOYEES 29 Diversity, Inclusion and Equality 30 Recruitment, Development and Engagement 31 Employee Demographics 33 Human Rights 35 Environment Health and Safety 43 Supplier Engagement Appendix 2 Our Supply Chain A LETTER Our policies and tools help ensure our suppliers and manufacturers are sourcing and producing our products in an ethical, environmentally friendly and humane manner. NXP is proud to be a signatory A Letter From FROM OUR of the United Nations Global Compact and a full member of the Responsible Business Alliance Our CEO CEO (RBA), and we are committed to not only meeting but exceeding the utmost standards of ethical and sustainable conduct. For us, sustainability is a constant effort with many layers, as an evolving world and advancement in technology yield new opportunities for innovation at every turn. -
Carbon Neutral Päijät-Häme 2030: Climate Action Roadmap
Carbon Neutral Päijät-Häme 2030: Climate Action Roadmap ENTER The Regional Council of Päijät-Häme Carbon Neutral Päijät-Häme 2030: Climate Action Roadmap Päijät-Häme region is committed to mitigating 2030. The network is coordinated by the Finnish climate change with an aim of reaching carbon Environment Institute. neutrality by the year 2030. This requires significant reductions of greenhouse gas The Climate Action Roadmap presents actions emissions at all sectors as well as increasing towards carbon neutrality. The Roadmap is carbon sinks. updated annually, and future development targets include climate change adaptation, actions on Päijät-Häme region achieved a Hinku (Towards increasing carbon sinks and indicators to follow Carbon Neutral Municipalities) region status the progress. The Roadmap is a part of national in 2019. The national Hinku network brings Canemure project supported by EU Life program. together forerunner municipalities and regions, which are committed to an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 2007 levels by ROADMAP Read more: STAKEHOLDERS CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS Stakeholders Climate action requires broad cooperation with different stakeholders including municipalities, companies, higher education institutions and regional actors. Päijät-Häme climate coordination group steers regional activities, and the Regional Council of Päijät-Häme facilitates the work of coordination group. Kymenlaakson Sähkö: Lahti Energy ltd: Heikki Rantula heikki.rantula@ksoy.fi Eeva Lillman eeva.lillman@lahtienergia.fi -
Green Concrete Based on Quaternary Binders with Significant Reduced Of
energies Article Green Concrete Based on Quaternary Binders with Significant Reduced of CO2 Emissions Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40 Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland; [email protected]; Tel.: +48-81-538-4394 Abstract: The article presents studies of plain concretes prepared based on a quaternary binder containing various percentages of selected supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The possibilities of nanotechnology in concrete technology were also used. An additional important environmental goal of the proposed solution was to create the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions and the carbon footprint generated during the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). As the main substitute for the OPC, siliceous fly ash (FA) was used. Moreover, silica fume (SF) and nanosilica (nS) were also used. During examinations, the main mechanical properties of composites, i.e., compressive strength (f cm) and splitting tensile strength (f ctm), were assessed. The microstructure of these materials was also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition to the experimental research, simulations of the possible reduction of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, as a result of the proposed solutions, were also carried out. It was found that the quaternary concrete is characterized by a well-developed structure and has high values of mechanical parameters. Further- more, the use of green concrete based on quaternary binders enables a significant reduction in CO2 emissions. Therefore quaternary green concrete containing SCMs could be a useful alternative to plain concretes covering both the technical and environmental aspects. The present study indicates Citation: Golewski, G.L. -
Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2022
Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2022 1. Climate Change: Mitigation Refer to Section 2.1 of the Guidance Note 1A. Present Situation Please complete the following table with most recent data available: Table 1: Benchmarking Data ‐ Climate Change: Mitigation Base Year Target Year % Reduction City’s emissions reduction targets (add rows if needed for further commitments) 2005 2020 ‐35% Where possible please use 2005 as the base year for 2005 2030 ‐50% listing city reduction targets 2005 2050 ‐75% CO (and possibly other greenhouse gases) 2 Units Year of Data emissions)** Grenoble‐Alpes Métropole* Total CO2 emissions/capita 4.17 t CO2/capita 2016 Total transport CO2 emissions/capita 1.19 t CO2/capita 2016 Total (less transport) CO2 emissions/capita 2.99 t CO2/capita 2016 Total CO2 emissions per year 1,865,379 t CO2 2016 Total CO2 emissions per MWh electricity consumed 0.044 t CO2 2016 *Data for the whole metropolitan area is more representative of the territory’s profile and consistent with its energy profile data. **GHG: CO2 equivalent. Climate adjusted data Describe the present situation in relation to CO2 (and possibly other greenhouse gases) emissions, including any relevant disadvantages or constraints resulting from historical, geographical and/or socio‐economic factors which may have influenced this indicator. Give details of any Baseline Emission Inventory prepared by the city, mentioning the baseline year and the applied methodology (direct/indirect emissions, data collection process, monitoring system), as well as the competent department. Provide a breakdown of the main sources of emissions. Where available, information/data on the inventory and on the following indicators should be provided from previous (5‐10) years to show trends, together with an explanation of the evolution. -
Introduction
INTROD UCTION In his Contribuição à história das lutas operárias no Brasil (Contribu- tion to the History of Labor Struggles in Brazil), originally published in 1955, Hermínio Linhares reveals himself to be one of those authors who considers the typesetters’ strike, which took place in 1858, to be “Rio de Janeiro’s fi rst strike, maybe Brazil’s.”1 This strike, which has been an object of academic studies for some time now,2 is signifi cant indeed. After months demanding a wage increase from the owners of the three ma- jor court dailies (Correio Mercantil, Diário do Rio de Janeiro, and Jornal do Comercio) and at a moment when the cost of living was soaring, the typesetters decided to stop work beginning on January 9, 1858. What is most interesting about this strike is the existence of a relatively vast volume of records, because the strikers, supported by the Imperial Asso- ciação Tipográfi ca Fluminense (Imperial Fluminense Typographic Asso- ciation),3 founded the Jornal dos Tipógrafos (Typographers’ Journal), a daily newspaper that was to present the workers’ arguments in the weeks that followed. In the newspaper’s pages we fi nd a relatively small profes- sional group (the biggest of the diaries, Jornal do Comércio [Commerce’s Journal], employed about thirty-two typesetters only) that presented it- self being composed of “artists,” specialized artisans, impoverished by the greed of the newspaper proprietors and their refusal to pay them a decent wage. The strike is all the more remarkable because of the active role played by the typographers’ association, whose main goal was actually mutual assistance, but which eventually assumed the function of repre- senting its members’ interests, interceding with the authorities on behalf of the workers and fi nancing machinery acquisition for the printing of the strikers’ newspaper. -
ALGERIA COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
ALGERIA COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 17 January 2013 ALGERIA 17 JANUARY 2013 Contents Preface Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.08 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 CURRENCY ............................................................................................................... 2.07 3. HISTORY .................................................................................................................. 3.01 Early history to 1989 ............................................................................................ 3.01 Events between 1988 - 1998: elections, military takeover and civil conflict ... 3.02 Events between 1999 - 2010 ............................................................................... 3.07 The charter for peace and national reconciliation .......................................... 3.14 The ‘Arab Spring’ 2011 ......................................................................................... 3.17 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS .......................................................................................... 4.01 Political developments ........................................................................................ -
Malmö, Sweden
STEPS TO ACHIEVING 100% RENEWABLE ENERGY USE MALMÖ, SWEDEN Malmö aims to boost supply, improve efficiency and reduce demand for energy The City of Malmö has reduced both its total and its per capita energy consumption in recent Malmö aims years. Renewable energy use has also grown, albeit not yet at a scale or pace to place the to achieve 100% city-wide renewable energy target within reach. renewable district The amount of renewable energy (wind, solar and biogas) produced by the municipality more heating supply than doubled from 6 916 megawatt hours (MWh) in 2016 to 16 660 MWh in 2017. by 2020 Renewable energy production across the city – beyond what the municipality itself produces – reached 416 500 MWh in 2017, up 14% from the 366 100 MWh the previous year. This is equivalent to almost a quarter of its total energy (City of Malmö, 2017a). Most of this figure represents electricity generation, the bulk of which stems from wind power. In order to achieve the target of meeting 100% of local demand with renewable energy, demand side reductions and efficiency gains must be matched with more significant supply side generation. The challenge of an ambitious renewable energy target Sweden is a European leader in renewables. With a 52.6% share of energy from renewable sources (including renewable electricity, renewable heating and cooling, and renewable energy consumed in transport) in 2014, the country has already surpassed its own goal of supplying 50% of its energy from renewables by 2020 (European Environment Agency, 2016). Urban-level ambition, as is seen in Malmö, is critical for reaching nationwide goals. -
Race Audits R
Hastings Law Journal Volume 62 | Issue 6 Article 3 7-2011 Race Audits R. A. Lenhardt Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation R. A. Lenhardt, Race Audits, 62 Hastings L.J. 1527 (2011). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol62/iss6/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. Race Audits R.A. LENHARDT* The persistence of the problems that attend the American color line makes clear the need for greater experimentation and innovation in the area of race. For years now, we have looked primarily to courts for solutions. But current jurisprudence offers very little that is useful in dealing with the modem realities of durable racial inequality and segregation. As cases such as Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. i and Ricci v. DeStefano make clear, it limits dramatically the tools available to address racial inequality, regardingas "bad cities" localities that try affirmatively to grapple with matters of race. This Article thus urges a focus on localities and the deep potential that such entities- because of their intimate experience with race and how it operateson the ground-have to do "good," to be "equality innovators." The Article develops a proposal for the "race audit," a voluntary, evaluative measure designed to identify the sources of persistent racialinequality that can be productively deployed by localities. -
Record of Decision Summary of Remedial Alternative Selection Biscayne Aquifer Sites, Dade County, Florida
>*-^- Break; 4^ OthcniVi ^ Record o£ Decision Remedial Alternative Selection SITE: Biscayne Aquifer Sites - Study Area Ground Water, Dade County, Florida. DOCUMENTS REVIEWEDt I am basing my decision on the following documents describing the analysis of cost-effectiveness of remedial alternatives for this sitet * Evaluation of the Clean-up Activities Already Undertaken at the Miami Drum Services Hazardous Waste Site, Dade County, Florida, September 1, 1982 * Phase I—C«npilation and Evaluation of Data for the Protection of the Biscayne Aquifer and Environment in North Dade County, Florida, October 15, 1982 * Remedial Investigation for Miami Drum Services Site, Florida, Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, November 1983 * Phase II—Sampling, Analytical, and Investigative Program for the Protection of the Biscayne Aquifer and Environment in North Dade County, Florida, February 1984 * Phase III—Feasibility of Remedial Actions for the Protection of the Biscayne Aquifer in Dade County, Florida, Nay 1985 * Staff Summaries and Reconmendations * Recommendations from Florida DER and Dade County DERM DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED REMEDY; The remedy selected is to add air stripping to the existing water treatment system in the study area and to operate the Miami Springs and Preston municipal wells for the dual purpose of providing potable water and recovering contaminated water from the Aquifer. Operation and maintenance for air stripping includes energy costs, labor to operate the system, materials and supplies and equipment replacement (fans and pumps). Operation of the air stripping system will continue until the cleanup gbals are achieved at the influent to the treatment plant. 10589520 (• - .i . V TDTURE ACTIONS: ^ ' 'is^.^ Another decision document is planned to address proper closure of the 58th Street Landfill.