1 ABBREVIATIONS ACP ASSISTANT COMPUTER PROGRAMMER ACR ADDITIONAL CLASSROOM AE ASSISTANT ENGINEER AEO AREA EDUCATION OFFICER AO ACCOUNTS OFFICER APO ASSISTANT PROGRAMME OFFICER BAS BASELINE ASSESSMENT STUDIES BEEO BLOCK EDUCATION EXTENSION OFFICER JEP JHARKHAND EDUCATION PROJECT BRC BLOCK RESOURCE CENTRE BRCC BLOCK RESOURCE CENTRE CO-ORDINATOR CRC CLUSTER RESOURCE CENTRE CRG CLUSTER RESOURCE GROUP DEO DISTRICT EDUCATION OFFICER DEP DISTANCE EDUCATION PROGRAMME DIET DISTRICT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE & TRAINING DLO DISTRICT LEVEL OFFICE DPC DISTRICT PROGRAMME CO-ORDINATOR DPO DISTRICT PROJECT OFFICE DRG DISTRICT RESOURCE GROUP DRP DISTRICT RESOURCE PERSON DSE DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION DTF DISTRICT TASK FORCE EC EXCUTIVE COMMMITTEE ECCE EARLY CHILD CARE EDUCATION EMIS EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FMIS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFOMATION SYSTEM GER GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO ICDS INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SCHEME 2 IED INTEGRATED EDUCATION MGT MANAGEMENT MIS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM MLL MINIMUM LEVEL OF LEARNING MTA MOTHER TEACHER ASSOCIATION NCERT NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATION RESEARCH AND TRAINING NER NET ENROLMENT RATIO NGO NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION NIC NATIONAL INFORMATICS CENTRE NSB NEW SCHOOL BUILDING OBC OTHER BACKWARD CLASS PTA PARENT TEACHER ASSOCIATION RPM REFLECTION CUM PLANNING MEETING RR RETENTION RATE SC SCHEDULED CASTE SOE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE SLO STATE LEVEL OFFICE SPD STATE PROJECT DIRECTOR SSA SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN ST SCHEDULED TRIBES TLC TOTAL LITERACY CAMPAIGN TLM TEACHING LEARNING MATERIAL VEC VILLAGE EDUCATION COMMIT 3 4 GUMLA DISTRICT : AT A GLANCE Total Population (as per 2011 Census) 1025656 Male population 514730 Female Population 510926 Sex Ratio 993 Population Density 193 Literacy Rate (Total) 66.92 Male Literacy rate 76.87 Female Literacy Rate 56.97 Increase Literacy – 2001-2011 15.35 Boys 79804 6-11 Girls 79198 Total 159002 Boys 35223 Total Population 11-14 Girls 36181 Total 71404 Boys 115027 6-14 Girls 115379 Total 230406 Total Enrolment Boys 145419 6-11 Girls 74734 Total 148902 Boys 33991 11-14 Girls 34915 Total 68906 5 Boys 105732 6-14 Girls 105959 Total 211692 Boys 5069 6-11 Girls 5031 Total 10100 Boys 1232 Total out of School 11-14 Girls 1266 Total 2498 Boys 6301 6-14 Girls 6297 Total 12598 Total No. of Villages 957 Total No. Of Villages Inhabited 955 Total No. Of Panchayats 159 No. of Habitation 4514 Total No. of CD Blocks 11 Total No. of Sub-Divisions 01 Decadal Growth Rate (Population) as per census 2011 23.21 Area in Square Kilometer 5237.94 No of Govt. Primary (Department of Education) 1018 No of Govt. Primary (Tribal & Social Welfare) 3 No of Govt. Aided primary Schools 170 No. of Govt. Middle Schools (Deptt. Of Education) 560 No. of Govt. Middle Schools (Tribal & Social Welfare) 1 No. of Govt Aided Middle Schools having Primary with upper 47 Primary schooling facility 6 No. of Govt Aided Middle Schools having Upper Primary 3 schooling facility No. of Govt. Schools having Primary with Upper Primary & Sec./ Higher Sec. Schooling facility including Tribal& Social 11 Wel. Deptt. No. of Govt Schools having Upper Primary with Secondary/ Higher secondary Schooling facility including Tribal& Social 31 Wel. Deptt. No. Of Madarsa 01 No of collages 08 No of wards in Corporation/ Municipalities 22 No. of functional BRC 11 No. of functional CRC 118 No. of Sanction post of teacher (Govt. & Middle Schools) 2298 No. of teachers in position (Primary & Middle Schools) 1825 No. of Para Teachers in Govt. Schools 3130 No. of functional VEC 1840 7 CHAPTER- I INTRODUCTION 8 INTRODUCTION TO GUMLA Blessed with nature’s beauty, the district of Gumla is covered by dense forests, hills and rivers. It is situated in the southwest portion of the Jharkhand State. The District was carved out of Ranchi District on 18th May 1983. Previously it was a sub-division of old Ranchi district. The district lies between 22° 35” to 23° 33” north latitude and 84° 40” to 85° 1” east longitude. The various legends are in currency regarding its name. The most popular one ascribes to its word 'Gumla' in Mundari language, which relates to the occupation of the local Tribes in rice processing work (dhan-kutna). The second legend 'Gau-mela' relates to cattle fair. Cattle fair was weekly held in Gumla town every Tuesday. In rural areas, Nagpuri and Sadri people still call it 'gomila'. Till 30th April 2001, Gumla district consisted on 2 sub-divisions viz Gumla and Simdega. But after the creation of Jharkhand State, a new district of Simdega was carved out of Gumla district on 30th April 2001. Now, Gumla district consists of only one sub-division namely Gumla. Total area of the district is about 5327 sq. km. The total population of district as per 2011 census is 1025656; out of which 514730 is male population and 510926 is female population. There is predominance of tribal people in Gumla district. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND :- Long ago Gumla was a small hamlet . It was known as a fair place GAU- MELA . This fair took place once in a year and continues for one week. Here all items of daily use, utensils , ornaments, grains, cattle etc were sold & exchanged . Since there was no other alternative to get the items , people make a long list of items required during the year ( whether it is for marriage ceremony or for any occasions ) and buy them in this MELA. People from distant places used to come here for buying & selling cattle such as cows & bullocks for agricultural purposes . Gradually people started to inhabit this place .It grew into a village and got the name GUMLA as a derivative of GAU – MELA. During medieval era Chhotanagpur region was reigned by Kings of NAGA dynasty. BARAIK DEVENANDAN SINGH was given right to rule over Gumla circle. It is said that during the KOLH REBEL in 1931-32 , VAKTAR SAY had played a prominent role . GANGA MAHARAJ, who built the KALI TEMPLE at Sri Ramnagar, had played active role in QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT in 1942. For this great contribution for Independence, he was honoured with LIFE TIME PENSION by government of India. During British rule GUMLA was under LOHARDAGA district .In 1843 it was brought under BISHUNPUR province that was further named RANCHI .In fact Ranchi district came into existence in 1899. In 1902 Gumla became Sub-division under Ranchi district. On 18 MAY 1984 GUMLA DISTRICT came into existence .Sri Jagannath Mishra then ruling chief minister of Bihar inaugurated it and Sri Dwarika Nath Sinha acquired the post of 1st deputy commissioner of the just born district. It is a matter of great regret that GUMLA that is a territory of great historical importance has not been brought under research map. 9 PHYSICAL FEATURE The terrain is highly undulating and there are existence of many rivers and streams. The forest cover of the district is 1.35 lakh hectares out of the total 5.21 lakh hectares of land i.e. round 27% of the total area of the district. There are three major rivers, which flow through the Gumla district viz. South Koyel, North Koyel and Shankh River. There are various streams/ tributaries to the main rivers on which there are some picturesque waterfalls. Sisai, Bharno and Kamdara blocks have plain lands while other areas are mostly undulating in nature. There is a hill range named as 'Ghera- pahar', which starts from Palkot block area and continues to Bishunpur block area. These elevated plateau areas of Bishunpur and Ghaghra blocks are locally known as 'PAT' area. These PAT areas are made-up of volcanic rock. The average height of these PAT areas is about 2500 ft. to 3000 ft. above the mean sea level. Gumla district enjoys a good climate characterized by a pleasant cold and temperate weather conditions. The average temperature is about 23 degree celsius. Earlier the average annual rainfall in the district was 1400-1600 mm. but the recent statistics has shown a decline in the average annual rainfall to about 1000-1100 mm.. NATURAL RESOURCES Minerals In Gumla District the important minerals like Bauxite and Laterite (Aluminium ore) are found in villages of Amkipani, Langdatanr, Chirodih, Jalim, Narma, Bahagara and Gurdari of Bishunpur block, Langatanr, Lupungpat and Chota-Agiatu in Chainpur block and Harup, Serengdag and Jalim in Ghaghra block. The total number of Bauxite mines is Twenty one . Beside these china clay is also found in some part of the district. Other mining activities like stone crusher, Brick kiln and stone chip mining lease are also available in different part of the district. Soil The major component of soil is Laterite, which comes from abrasion of ancient Lava and finally comes into existence in form of Laterite & Bauxite. In fact, there are different types of rocks in the whole district. These rocks are of different Physical, Chemical and organic properties. The humidity of the soil in hilly area is less than that of the plain area. In local language the higher land is known as ' TANR ' where as the lower land is known as 'DON'. Flora & Fauna: Gumla district has about 27% of forest area. Important forest products are Saal seeds, Kokun, Lac, Tendu leaves, Karanj, Chiraunji etc. The major trees are Sal Bija, Gamhar, Kathal, Jamun, Mango , Bamboo , Neem etc. River System There are three main rivers i.e. North Koyel, South Koyel and Sankh. Sankh River emerges from Rajadera village of Chainpur block. DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR Gumla district is predominantly educationally and economically backward district as compared to other district of the State, besides having rich natural resources and climatic 10 conditions. Some of the basic indicators such as human, economic and infrastructure are describing below:- ECONOMIC Out of 133131 families, about 99512 families are below poverty line as per survey conducted for 1997-2002 five-year plans.