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Folk Song in Cumbria: a Distinctive Regional
FOLK SONG IN CUMBRIA: A DISTINCTIVE REGIONAL REPERTOIRE? A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Susan Margaret Allan, MA (Lancaster), BEd (London) University of Lancaster, November 2016 ABSTRACT One of the lacunae of traditional music scholarship in England has been the lack of systematic study of folk song and its performance in discrete geographical areas. This thesis endeavours to address this gap in knowledge for one region through a study of Cumbrian folk song and its performance over the past two hundred years. Although primarily a social history of popular culture, with some elements of ethnography and a little musicology, it is also a participant-observer study from the personal perspective of one who has performed and collected Cumbrian folk songs for some forty years. The principal task has been to research and present the folk songs known to have been published or performed in Cumbria since circa 1900, designated as the Cumbrian Folk Song Corpus: a body of 515 songs from 1010 different sources, including manuscripts, print, recordings and broadcasts. The thesis begins with the history of the best-known Cumbrian folk song, ‘D’Ye Ken John Peel’ from its date of composition around 1830 through to the late twentieth century. From this narrative the main themes of the thesis are drawn out: the problem of defining ‘folk song’, given its eclectic nature; the role of the various collectors, mediators and performers of folk songs over the years, including myself; the range of different contexts in which the songs have been performed, and by whom; the vexed questions of ‘authenticity’ and ‘invented tradition’, and the extent to which this repertoire is a distinctive regional one.
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A Tectonic History of Northwest England
A tectonic history of northwest England FRANK MOSELEY CONTENTS Introduction 56x Caledonian earth movements 562 (A) Skiddaw Slate structures . 562 (B) Borrowdale Volcanic structures . 570 (C) Deformation of the Coniston Limestone and Silurian rocks 574 (D) Comment on Ingleton-Austwick inlier 580 Variscan earth movements. 580 (A) General . 580 (B) Folds 584 (C) Fractures. 587 4 Post Triassic (Alpine) earth movements 589 5 References 59 ° SUMMARY Northwest England has been affected by the generally northerly and could be posthumous Caledonian, Variscan and Alpine orogenies upon a pre,Cambrian basement. The end- no one of which is entirely unrelated to the Silurian structures include early N--S and later others. Each successive phase is partially NE to ~NE folding. dependent on earlier ones, whilst structures The Variscan structures are in part deter- in older rocks became modified by succeeding mined by locations of the older massifs and in events. There is thus an evolutionary structural part they are likely to be posthumous upon sequence, probably originating in a pre- older structures with important N-S and N~. Cambrian basement and extending to the elements. Caledonian wrench faults were present. reactivated, largely with dip slip movement. The Caledonian episodes are subdivided into The more gentle Alpine structures also pre-Borrowdale Volcanic, pre-Caradoc and follow the older trends with a N-s axis of warp end-Silurian phases. The recent suggestions of or tilt and substantial block faulting. The latter a severe pre-Borrowdale volcanic orogeny are was a reactivation of older fault lines and rejected but there is a recognizable angular resulted in uplift of the old north Pennine unconformity at the base of the volcanic rocks.
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Find out More About the Three Peaks Project At
The Yorkshire Three Peaks walk Distance: 39km (24 miles) Parking: Horton car park ( BD24 0HF, SD 807 724) Other transport: Horton train station on the Settle to Carlisle line is close to the start Toilets: Horton car park Refreshments: pubs and café in Horton, Station Inn at Ribblehead and the Old Hill Inn in Chapel-le-dale This is a major challenge walk which is long and involves over 1600m (5000 feet) of climbing over the Three Peaks of Pen-y-ghent, Whernside and Ingleborough. There is one section on road, but the paths are good. You do need to be able to navigate and cope with conditions in the high fells. Route description 1. Walk south out of the village passing the Golden Lion pub and church and cross a small stream. Then turn left up a minor tarmac road. Follow this up towards Brackenbottom and just before reaching some buildings take a footpath on your left signed to Pen-y-ghent. 2. Climb steadily up through fields with Pen-y-ghent ahead of you. The final section of the route to the summit is steeper for a while before reaching the trig point and shelter. 3. Cross the wall at the summit and follow the clear path heading roughly north. This zig zags down, passing the gash of Hunt Pot, to reach the head of a walled lane. 4. Carry straight on to follow the new path over Whitber Hill to reach a clear track. Turn right and follow this for 1.5km (1 mile) and then take the path on the left towards Birkwith cave.
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Dent to Aye Gill Pike This Rewarding Walk Has Spectacular Views of the Howgill Fells (Below), the Three Peaks of Yorkshire, and Dentdale
Dent to Aye Gill Pike This rewarding walk has spectacular views of the Howgill Fells (below), the Three Peaks of Yorkshire, and Dentdale. Start: Dent car park (GPS: SD 703 871) Distance: 10.5km (6.5 miles) Highest point: 556m (Aye Gill Pike summit) Time: Allow 3 to 4 hours Grade: Difficult Notes: This route has sections with no obvious path, so a map and navigational skills are required. There are short sections on quiet roads where care should be taken, and the route can be boggy in places. There are toilets, a village shop, café and pubs in Dent. Other options: For a more challenging experience, follow this route in the opposite direction, beginning with the very steep climb up to Aye Gill Pike. 1. (GPS: SD 704 870) Turn left out of the car park and walk through the cobbled village centre. Leave the village on this road and pick up the riverside path for the Dales Way on your left, just before the river Dee. Follow this path until you reach the tarmac road. 2. (GPS: SD 700 873) Turn right along the road and pick up the Dales Way again on your right, continuing along the river to the road at Barth Bridge. 3. (GPS: SD 694 878) At the road turn right. Walk along here for a short distance (approx 150m) and turn up the small tarmac lane on your right. Continue along this quiet lane for approximately 1km, until reaching Lunds Farm. 4. (GPS: SD 694 887) At the entrance to Lunds Farm turn left and continue through the cobbled yard.
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RR 01 07 Lake District Report.Qxp
A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake District and adjacent areas Integrated Geoscience Surveys (North) Programme Research Report RR/01/07 NAVIGATION HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT Bookmarks The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub-headings, figures, plates and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. In addition, the report contains links: from the principal section and subsection headings back to the contents page, from each reference to a figure, plate or table directly to the corresponding figure, plate or table, from each figure, plate or table caption to the first place that figure, plate or table is mentioned in the text and from each page number back to the contents page. RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH REPORT RR/01/07 A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the District and adjacent areas Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/2004. D Millward Keywords Lake District, Lower Palaeozoic, Ordovician, Devonian, volcanic geology, intrusive rocks Front cover View over the Scafell Caldera. BGS Photo D4011. Bibliographical reference MILLWARD, D. 2004. A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake District and adjacent areas. British Geological Survey Research Report RR/01/07 54pp.
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Trail and Fell Running
Trail and Fell Running in the Yorkshire Dales Trail and Fell Running in the About the Author Pete Ellwood is an experienced fell runner, running and racing in the hills for over thirty years. He has lived Yorkshire Dales in the north all his life and, since his teenage years, has attempted to spend every possible waking hour on the hills and mountains. Pete holds a long service award for volunteering as a member of a mountain rescue team, 40 runs and he completed the Munros in 2003. He regularly com- petes in fell races and mountain marathons in the North in the National Park, of England and Scotland, winning a class of the Saunders Lakeland Mountain Marathon in 2013. including the Three Peaks Pete lives on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales with his wife, two boys and a daily view of Ingleborough to keep by Pete Ellwood him company. Juniper House, Murley Moss, Oxenholme Road, Kendal, Cumbria LA9 7RL www.cicerone.co.uk © Pete Ellwood 2019 Register your book: To sign up to receive free updates, special offers First edition 2019 and GPX files where available, register Contents ISBN: 978 1 85284 922 1 your book at www.cicerone.co.uk. Map key ................................................................7 Printed by KHL Printing, Singapore Acknowledgements Overview map ..........................................................8 A catalogue record for this book is Route summary table ....................................................9 This book would not have been possible available from the British Library. without the help and support of a large ULTRA ................................................................15 © Crown copyright 2019 number of people. I would like to take OS PU100012932 this opportunity to thank all the Settle Harriers who checked routes and posed The Yorkshire Dales .......................................................
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List of Incidents 2001 N O. Date (Time) Type Location Detail
List of incidents 2001 N Date (time) Type Location Detail o. 4 February, Sunday Langcliffe to Malham road 2 people reported in need of assistance after car Local 1 (1311) North Yorkshire became stuck in snowdrifts. Brought down by CRO incident Land Rover. 4 February, Sunday Langcliffe to Malham road Search for 2 people and car reported stuck in (2200) Local North Yorkshire snowdrifts. Road now impassable. Team recalled after 2 incident ‘phone call to say they were now sheltering at a farmhouse. 9 February, Friday Ingleborough 54 yr old walker fractured femur after slipping near 3 Mountain (1150) North Yorkshire Gaping Gill. Airlifted by Air Ambulance. 11 February, Sunday Ireby Fell Cavern 2 cavers found dead on third pitch in high water 4 Cave (1045) Lancashire conditions. Had been reported overdue. February: outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease. Closure of all public footpaths and access to fells. July: some footpaths re-opened, including access onto Ingleborough. 5 August, Sunday Ingleborough 79 yr old walker collapsed and died near summit. 5 Mountain (1240) North Yorkshire Airlifted by Air Ambulance. 5 August, Sunday Fern Pot, Ingleborough Lamb rescued from open shaft. 6 Animal (1850) North Yorkshire 20 August, Monday Ingleborough Walker suffered chest pains on Little Ingleborough. 7 Mountain (1358) North Yorkshire Airlifted by Air Ambulance. 23 August, Thursday Gaping Gill Preliminary investigation after personal belongings 8 (2130) Cave North Yorkshire found on surface by Main Shaft. Owner located safe in village. 12 September, Meregill Hole 3 cavers trapped by flood water. 2 located at foot of 9 Wednesday Cave North Yorkshire Aven Pitch (Mere entrance had sumped).
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Horton-In- Ribblesdale PEN-Y-GHENT Ribblehead
70 Deepdale 80 686 4. RIBBLEHEAD. 10.4 miles; 5:15 hrs N THREECrag HillPEAKS CHALLENGE Take road NW from Station Inn to ROUTE pass Bleaalongside Viaduct on path for 24 miles (38.6 km) WhernsideMoor . Cross railway line by Cumulative distances and guidance aqueduct and follow path steeply NW 3. HIGH BIRKWITH. 7.0 miles; 3:45 hrs times are shown at each stage. for Dent Dale. Cross fence stile on left Cross road & over small hill to drop to a gate. Timings and distances based on the Continue NW to cross God’s Bridge and on to Whitber Hill route and follow path to Whernside summit Oughtershaw 736 Nether Lodge. Follow farm access road out to WHERNSIDE B6479 and turn right on road to Ribblehead Beckermonds Cam BLACK DUBB MOSS ROUTE WHITBER HILL ROUTE 80 5. WHERNSIDE. 14.2 miles; 7:35 hrs Fell [Until 2013] Go straight on Gearstones [From 2013] Continue Continue S descending gently along ridge at sharp left bend, turning following PW down to the with wall on right, until path bears left NW to cross Hull Pot Beck gate at Horton Scar Lane. steeply downhill to Bruntscar. Follow access at stepping stones. Track Ribblehead Pass this & climb up over road south for The Hill Inn to Philpin Lane, becomes very boggy at P onto Low Sleights Rd. Left to Hill Inn ck e Whitber Hill, bearing left at e n Black Dubb Moss. Go on NW B n i wall corner and continue NW m n a e to cross PW at a stile.
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Climb Every Mountain
eter Watson loves climbing mountains. He’s scaled peaks all over the world. But the Richmond-based writer P and photographer has the current health crisis to thank for his latest feat – hiking to the top of all 41 mountains in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. CLIMB EVERY A keen trekker and climber, he has visited more than 80 countries and has been featured by BBC Travel and Lonely Planet, among others. His original aim had been to climb MOUNTAIN the Seven Summits – the highest mountain on every continent – but he was forced to Unable to fly off abroad, keen climber Peter Watson adapt his plans when the pandemic hit. With international travel on hold, Peter transferred decided to summit all 41 mountains in the Yorkshire Dales his attention to tackling the micro-mountains National Park instead, a challenge that enabled him to of the Yorkshire Dales National Park explore new territory close to his Richmond home instead. “The mountains of the Yorkshire Dales are WORDS JENNY NEEDHAM an ideal challenge for life under coronavirus,” he says. “I would encourage others to make use of their local outdoor spaces during these 16 | Living | December 2020 PEOPLE & PLACES ‘The mountains of the Yorkshire Dales are an ideal challenge for life under coronavirus. I would encourage others to make use of their local outdoor spaces during these difficult times by setting themselves similar micro- challenges’ Main image: view from the top of Malham Cove Above – looking down from Eskholme Pike difficult times by setting themselves similar His first ascent was a hike up Great micro-challenges.” Shunner Fell, located in the Northern Dales After growing tired of living in London, between Wensleydale and Swaledale.
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Open Zone Map in a New
Crosby Garrett Kirkby Stephen Orion Smardale Grasmere Raisbeck Nateby Sadgill Ambleside Tebay Kelleth Kentmere Ravenstonedale Skelwith Bridge Troutbeck Outhgill Windermere Selside Zone 1 M6 Hawkshead Aisgill Grayrigg Bowness-on-Windermere Bowston Lowgill Monday/Tuesday Near Sawrey Burneside Mitchelland Crook Firbank 2 Kendal Lunds Killington Sedburgh Garsdale Head Zone 2 Lake Crosthwaite Bowland Oxenholme Garsdale Brigsteer Wednesday Bridge Killington Broughton-in-Furness 1 Rusland Old Hutton Cartmel Fell Lakeside Dent Cowgill Lowick Newby Bridge Whitbarrow National Levens M6 Middleton Stone House Nature Reserve Foxfield Bouth Zone 3 A595 Backbarrow A5092 The Green Deepdale Crooklands Heversham Penny Bridge A590 High Newton A590 Mansergh Barbon Wednesday/Thursday Kirkby-in-Furness Milnthorpe Meathop A65 Kirksanton Lindale Storth Gearstones Millom Kirkby Lonsdale Holme A595 Ulverston Hutton Roof Zone 4 Haverigg Grange-over-Sands Askam-in-Furness Chapel-le-Dale High Birkwith Swarthmoor Arnside & Burton-in-Kendal Leck Cark Silverdale AONB Yealand Whittington Flookburgh A65 Thursday A590 Redmayne Ingleborough National Bardsea Nature Reserve New Houses Dalton-in-Furness M6 Tunstall Ingleton A687 A590 Warton Horton in Kettlewell Arkholme Amcliffe Scales Capernwray Ribblesdale North Walney National Zone 5 Nature Reserve A65 Hawkswick Carnforth Gressingham Helwith Bridge Barrow-in-Furness Bentham Clapham Hornby Austwick Tuesday Bolton-le-Sands Kilnsey A683 Wray Feizor Malham Moor Stainforth Conistone Claughton Keasden Rampside Slyne Zone 6 Morecambe
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The Pendle Panorama
© Mark Sutcliffe THE PENDLE PANORAMA To the south, the former mill towns of You can see for miles from the top of Pendle, here is a list of mountains visible on a clear day: The prospect of admiring breath-taking views Nelson, Colne, Burnley and Blackburn nestle Clockwise from North: from the summit is what inspires thousands in the valley floor with the fells of the West of visitors to climb Pendle every year. Pennines beyond and on the southwest • Ingleborough (21 miles) • Bleaklow (33) • Parlick Pike (13) Why not provide this information for your horizon, the mountains of Snowdonia. Looking • Whernside (25) • Kinder Scout (38) • Fair Snape (13) visitors via your website or social media? west, the Irish Sea sparkles on the horizon • Pen y Gent (20) • Shining Tor (44) • Hawthornthwaite Fell (15) with Blackpool Tower clearly visible on the • Fountains Fell (19) • Winter Hill (19) • Black Combe (50) To the north, the mountains of the Lake District Fylde Coast. Few places in England offer the can just be glimpsed peaking over the Bowland potential to enjoy such extensive panoramas • Buckden Pike (25) • Clwydian Hills (63) • Ward Stone (17) Fells on the far side of the Ribble Valley. within half an hour of leaving the office. • Great Whernside (24) • Moel Siabod (87) • Wolfhole Crag (15) To the northeast, following the line of the • Thorpe Fell (17) • Snowdon (92) • Scafell Pike (55) Ribble upstream, the views encompass the • Simon’s Seat (21) • Carnedd Llewellyn (85) • Helvellyn (54) famous Three Peaks of the Yorkshire Dales: Ingleborough, Pen-y-ghent and Whernside.
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Kendal Fellwalkers Programme Summer 2015 Information From: Secretary 01539 720021 Or Programme Secretary 01524 762255
Kendal Fellwalkers Programme Summer 2015 Information from: Secretary 01539 720021 or Programme Secretary 01524 762255 www.kendalfellwalkers.co.uk Date Grade Area of Walk Leader Time at Starting Point Grid Time Kendal Ref. walk starts 05/04/2015 A Mardale round (Naddle, Margaret 08:30 Burnbanks NY508161 09:10 Kidsty Pike, Wether Hill) Lightburn (16mi 4300ft) B Murton Pike, High Cup Nick, Ken Taylor 08:30 Murton CP NY730220 09:40 Maize Beck, Scordale (13mi 3000ft) C Kirkby Malham, Gordale Chris Lloyd 08:30 Verges at Green Gate 09:30 Scar, Malham Tarn (10mi (near Kirkby Malham) 1600ft) SD897611 12/04/2015 A The Four Passes (14mi Chris Michalak 08:30 Seathwaite Farm 09:45 6000ft) NY235122 B Grange Fell, High Spy, Janet & Derek 08:30 Layby on B5289 N of 09:35 Maiden Moor, lakeshore Capper bridge, Grange-in- (11.5mi 3700ft) Borrowdale NY256176 C White Gill, Yewdale Fells, Dudley 08:30 Roadside beyond 09:15 Wetherlam, Black Sails (8mi Hargreaves Ruskin Museum 2800ft) SD301978 19/04/2015 A Staveley to Pooley Bridge Conan Harrod 08:30 Staveley (Wilf's CP) 08:45 (Sour Howes, Ill Bell, High SD471983 Street) (21.5mi 5100ft) (Linear walk. Please contact leader in advance.) B Three Tarns (Easdale, Stickle, Steve Donson 08:30 Layby on A591 north of 09:10 Lingmoor) and Silver How Swan Inn, Grasmere (13mi 4600ft) NY337086 C Bowscale Fell, Bannerdale Alison Gilchrist 08:30 Mungrisdale village hall 09:20 Crags, Souther Fell (7mi NY363302 2000ft) 26/04/2015 A Lingmell via Piers Gill, Jill Robertson 08:30 Seathwaite Farm 09:45 Scafell Pike, Glaramara (12mi
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