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Bactria 10766591.Pdf LATE SCHOLAR EM M ANUEL COLLEGE CAM BRI DGE , , PRIZE CAM BRI DGE 1 , , 909) B A C T R I A fl ' THE HISTORY O F A Fo RGOTTEN EM PI RE I E S H G . L E SCHOLAR EM MANUEL COLLEGE CAM BRIDGE AT , , O E O ENGLI H LITERATURE THE DECCAN COLLEGE POONA PR F SS R OF S , , UNI VERSI TY E BRI DGE 1 0 PRIZ , CAM , 9 9) DEDICATED TO L TT . JAME S ADAM, I D . W E I f through th e Bactrian Empire European ideas were trans mitted th e F ar E as u and simil c annels to t , thro gh that ar h ” Asia ic i s found ir —DRAPER I n tellectu a l t dea the way to Europe . D eve E i lo ment o ur o e I . i . p f p , i a I . G t , X I n th e profound ob scurity Which envelops th e history of B c i e mu s cull wi c e all can w th e leas li t a tr a , W t th ar that thro t gh i ” — u n t. H E EL po SC L G . CONTENTS PREFACE GEOGRAPHY AND EARLY HISTORY OF BACTRIA BACTRIA TO THE DOWNFALL OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE THE CONQUEST OF IRAN BY ALEXANDER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF BACTRIAN I NDEPEN DENCE BACTRIA AT THE HEIGHT OF ITS POWER THE OVERTHROW OF THE NORTHERN K INGDOM MENANDER TO THE EXTINCTION OF GREEK RULE IN THE EAST K VIII . EFFECTS OF THE GREE OCCUPATION APPENDICES CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF BAGTRI AN RULERS SOME PROBLEMS RAISED BY THE COINS OF EUCRATIDES GREEK WORKM EN IN INDIA THE SPREAD OF BUDDHISM IN THE NORTH WEST OF INDIA v T . PASSAGES IN ANCIENT AUTHORS REFERRING o BACTRIA INDEX LIST OF ILLUSTRATI ONS THE K HAMBA BABA COLUMN AT BESNAGAR Fronti sp' iece THREE PLATES OF BACTRIAN COINS ELEVATION OF THE K HAMBA BABA COLUMN M AP OF INDIA AT THE TIME OF M ENUNDER OF ANCIENT IRAN PREFACE I HAVE to express my obligations to many who se kindness h as enabled me to obtain acc ess to th e materials necessary for th e publication of this mono ’ m . o e e s a o t u th e c u tes graph S y ar g , hro gh o r y of M r . m rmi h . o as was e e t use t n ia F W Th , I p tt d o e I d i r Ofliee bra . M r . a e u erin n in L y H H L k , S p te d g n ineer th e G l a e h as r i e me E g of wa ior , p ov d d with ”St t a drawing and other detail s of th e famous Bactrian pillar at Besnagar . This drawing was copied for me ' . ll E m b R. ie enan G. G. Ca e by L ut t M p , , who was also good enough to prepare the valuable maps which greatly enh ance th e utility of th e book : I have also to acknowledge th e generous aid of th e authorities an e e e a r e in e ra in th of Emm u l Coll g , C mb idg , d f y g e th e ri ina e i i n. a am expenses of o g l d t o L stly , I deeply in r es r . a n ro es r debted to P of so E J R pso , P f so of an ri in th e n er a ri e for hi S sk t U iv sity of C mb dg , s unfailing interest and invaluable advice. Professor Rapson h as been kind enough to read through th e BACTRIA r - e n nd dd n p oof sheets of this ditio , a to a ma y sug gestions and corrections . er a add a as i k in n I should , p h ps , th t th s wor is te ded for th en ra re er th e res ia ri i a ar e g e l ad , ti ome d c t c l m ks which are th e fashion in Oriental Works have been omitted . L . R N N H G . AW I SO . OO 1 NA 19 2 . P , INTRODUCTI ON ‘ THE obj ect of this book is to investigate th e history of th e great Iranian province which formed th e eas ern r n th r i n re and t po tio of e Pe s a Empi , which , a er the a e nian n a i n e a e an inde en ft M c do i v s o , b c m p r dent Greek kingdom . Th e valiant Greeks who uled the country were afterwards driven over th e Hindu K er n n f r near ush, wh e they mai tai ed themselves o ly a en r n er na c n th e ri e r c tu y lo g , fi lly su cumbi g to t b s f om the north which h ad originally displaced them . Thus it will be seen that th e history of B actria falls naturally n r n ass n r th as e n i to fou divisio s . P i g ove e m s of l ge d rr n th ear ies r en re e which su ou ds e l t pe iod , c t d chi fly u d th e re ara ra itama we find ro n figu of Z thust Sp , ourselves on more solid ground when we come to r deal with Bact ia as a satrapy of th e Persian Empire . After th e overthrow of Persia by Alexander we enter upon th e second phase in th e history of th e country —i e h i ts subjugation and settlem nt by t e Macedon ans . Th e thir d period begins with th e revolt of Diodotus in 250 BC ri a s h rOl an in e , when Bact a s umes t e e of d BACTRIA n en ree in t n in it a n n pe d t G k k gdom, ex e d g s sw y ot o ly r ana the n r er r a r n ove Sogdi to o th , but ov a g e t po tio h rn ni n nd th h of t e mode Afgha sta a e Panj ab . T e closing chapter of th e h istoryo f th e Bactrian Greeks commences with their evacuation of th e country n r th in - s n o th of e H du Ku h , whe they made Sagala ir a a and en s e r na r the c pit l , d with th i fi l supe session h n n by t e Kusha mo archs . BIBLI OGRAPHY - Th r REFERENCES IN CLASSICAL LITERATURE . e histo y earl ran is in o e in th e rea e ri and of y I v lv d g t st obscu ty , we are able to glean very little trustworthy informa tion about Bactria before th e foundation of th e Persian ir Th n h h r Emp e. e lege ds of t e Avesta and t e late Persian literature (especially th e Shahnama of Firdousi) are not meant for serious history ; they merely preserve in a poetic garb half-forgotten / ra i n a h n Bactria was a a in e t d tio s of time w e sm ll , d en en n r n for e en a a n th e p d t ki gdom , st uggli g xist ce g i st r n n T e n n n er n Tu a ia nomads . h o ly outsta di g p so ali is a r r nd th re er n e him ty th t of Zo oaste , a e f e c s to ma be n n a ra a . e ia y fou ded upo subst tum of f ct Ct s s , r i i n h r r r nem n a G eek phys c a at t e cou t of A taxe xes M o , is th e earliest Western author who attempted to write l in th a history of ear y Iran . His long residence e n r nd a e ar es a e him a cou t y , a ccess to stat chiv , g v ni e r ni i n r na e h U r u qu oppo tu ty, wh ch , u fo tu t ly , e tte ly i r i m sue . i i a a and i e os m s d W thout c t c l f culty , , l k t Gree s i e o i i s th e e essi s in k , qu t bl v ou of n c ty of tudy g th e l i a n th e an h e r e r s an wil c ass c l to gue of l d , co d y d n r a h a n fables a d imp obable t les e h ppe s to pick up .
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