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Understanding the International Entrepreneurial Process of Emerging Economy Firms: Evidence from Nigerian Smes

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Understanding the International Entrepreneurial Process of Emerging Economy Firms: Evidence from Nigerian Smes Understanding the International Entrepreneurial Process of Emerging Economy Firms: Evidence from Nigerian SMEs Item Type Thesis Authors Nuhu, Nuraddeen S. Publisher University of Bradford Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 28/09/2021 04:56:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17374 UNDERSTANDING THE INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS OF EMERGING ECONOMY FIRMS: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIAN SMES N.S NUHU PhD UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD 2016 Understanding the International Entrepreneurial Process of Emerging Economy Firms: Evidence from Nigerian SMEs Nuraddeen Sani NUHU Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Management and Law University of Bradford 2016 Abstract Nuraddeen S Nuhu Understanding the International Entrepreneurial Process of Emerging Economy Firms: Evidence from Nigerian SMEs Keywords: International entrepreneurship, processes, internationalization, formal institutions, emerging economies, Nigeria. This study is motivated by the need to improve the understanding of international entrepreneurship (IE) in emerging economies. Thus, the researcher conducted an in-depth case study of four Nigerian firms to investigate how divergent institutional conditions influence the processes of IE from emerging economies to developed economies. The findings of the study depict how entrepreneurial activity from emerging economies to developed economies can involve many sub-activities and processes to achieve opportunity identification, development, and exploitation. This process which appears disruptive is significantly supported through resource acquisition and development. However, this process of IE is heavily shaped by the institutional conditions of the international entrepreneur’s host and home markets. The institutional environment impeded growth and entrepreneurial aspirations while simultaneously facilitating access to resources, reducing risks and providing legitimacy to the firms. These simultaneous effects of institutions constrained strategic choices of the entrepreneurs and by so doing, shaped the means and processes by which they identify and execute international opportunities. The major contributions of this thesis include the validation of New Institutional Economics (NIE) framework for the examination of IE processes and empirical evidence demonstrating how entrepreneurial activity from emerging economies to developed economies can involve many sub-activities and processes to achieve opportunity identification, development, and exploitation. Also, the study guides emerging economy managers and entrepreneurs on ways to effectively manage their liabilities of smallness and foreignness. Lastly, the study provides some policy recommendations to facilitate the development of a conducive environment for entrepreneurship and IE to flourish in Nigeria. i Acknowledgements ‘I give thanks to Almighty Allah for always guiding me and providing me the courage and resilience to complete this thesis.’ I would like to thank many people that have guided, inspired and supported me throughout this journey. First and foremost, my Mum and Dad have been my greatest support and asset. No amount of gratitude from me will ever compare to the sacrifices they made so I may achieve this personal ambition. In many ways, they are more deserving of any credit for this work than me. May the good Lord continue to protect and guide you Baba Dadaji and Mum Salima. Secondly, I am truly indebted to my supervisors, Dr. Martin Owens and Professor Christos Kalantaridis. The great passion and commitment of Dr Martin helped me through the toughest times in this PhD journey. This dissertation would not have been completed without his energy and support. Also, I have benefitted immensely from Christos’s wisdom and experience. His support was crucial throughout this challenging journey. My gratitude also goes to the Faculty of Management and Law, University of Bradford. The support provided by Jackie Franklin, in particular, has been incredible. I am indeed grateful to the Nigerian companies that allowed me the opportunity to share their knowledge of internationalization. Mention can be made of Black Ivory Communications, Janit Queens Productions, Xandria Productions, John Tudy Interbiz and Frijay Consult. I must also acknowledge the excellent support of several Nigerian and US institutions. A few among them include Nigerian Export Promotion Council, Nigerian Export-Import Bank, Bank of Industry, Nigeria Customs Service, United States Embassy Abuja and United States Agency for International Aid (USAID). Furthermore, I would like to use this opportunity to thank individuals that have always stood by my side and by my family. Uncles Salisu Muhammed and Honourable Abdulazeez Tijjani have shown me great care and affection. To my ii aunty Dr Hadiza Nuhu and her spouse Professor Idris Bugaje who always held my hand. I am also grateful to Mallam Bala Ado K/mata, Alhaji Aliyu Dikko, M.S Baba, Sagir Muhammad and Alhaji Bello Mahmud (Sarkin Fulani) for their constant support and fatherly guidance. To my beloved wife Sumayya and my twin children Hassan and Hussein who have paid a stiff price for this thesis to be completed. This journey tested your patience and resilience in unimaginable ways. Thank you so much. I also want to mention aunty Saratu and the rest of my family: Atine, Abba, Hadiza, Rabiu, Halima, Nazif, Fatima, Aisha, and Muhammad, all of whom have been a source of great encouragement. Lastly, but certainly not least, I am thankful to all my PhD colleagues at Bradford University with whom we walked the walk. The limited space on this paper means I am unable to mention names, but all of you “fellow sufferers” made this experience a truly great and memorable one. God bless! iii Dedication This PhD thesis is dedicated to the loving memory of my late grandmother Hajia Amina Mallam Nuhu iv Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... ii Dedication......................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents .............................................................................................. v List of Figures ................................................................................................ viii List of Tables .................................................................................................. viii List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................... ix 1. Chapter One: Introduction ......................................................................... 1 1.1 The importance of international entrepreneurship ............................... 1 1.2 Research aim and objectives ............................................................... 10 1.3 Unit of analysis ...................................................................................... 11 1.4 Delimitations of scope .......................................................................... 11 1.5 The research process ............................................................................ 12 1.6 Research findings and contributions .................................................. 15 1.7 Key definitions ....................................................................................... 20 1.8 Structure of the thesis ........................................................................... 22 1.9 Chapter conclusion ............................................................................... 24 2. Chapter Two: Literature Review .............................................................. 25 2.1 Key concepts and definitions ............................................................... 25 2.2 Entrepreneurship as a process ............................................................ 42 2.3 Institutional theory ................................................................................ 62 2.4 Chapter conclusion ............................................................................... 83 3. Chapter Three: Methodology ................................................................... 85 3.2 Research design .................................................................................... 92 3.3 Data generation.................................................................................... 102 3.4 Data analysis ........................................................................................ 110 v 3.5 Triangulation ........................................................................................ 115 3.6 Integrity of the case study strategy ................................................... 116 3.7 Limitations of the case study research ............................................. 119 3.8 Ethical considerations ........................................................................ 120 3.9 Chapter conclusion ............................................................................. 121 4. Chapter Four: Nigeria in context ..........................................................
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